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61 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Is India a continent, subcontinent, or island?

Subcontinent.

What four geographical features isolate India on each side?

Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal, & Himalayan Mountains/Hindu Kush Mountains.

What feature allowed invaders to pass through the Hindu Kush Mountains into India?

The Khyber Pass.

What are the three main geographical features of the Indian subcontinent?

The Indo-Gangetic Plain, the Coastal Plain, and the Deccan plateau.

What are the three main rivers of India and on which plain are they located?

The Indus, the Ganges, and the Brahmaputra in the Indo-Gangetic plain.

What low-rising twin mountain ranges lie on the eastern and western edges of India's coast?

Eastern and Western Ghats.

What are the monsoons, and at what point of the year do they occur?

Seasonal winds bringing heavy rainfall, during June - October.

What is the holiest river of India?

The Ganges.

What part of India has the densest population?

The Indo-Gangetic Plain.

What were the two cities of the first civilization in India? When were they discovered?

Harappa and Mahanjo-Daro in 1921.

Is much known about the early cities of Harappa and Mahanjo-Daro?

No. Most of the cities were destroyed for unknown reasons.

Who conquered India in 1500-1000 BC, beginning the Vedic Age?

The Aryans.

Where did the Aryans enter India?

The Khyber Pass.

What were Aryan leaders called, a title later adopted throughout India?

Rahjahs.

What is the Vedas?

The Vedas is the earliest philosophy of India - not yet a religion until it is practiced.

What does the word "vedas" mean?

Wisdom.

The Vedas consisted of what?

Stories.

Early Indian people believed what about the creation of the Vedas?

That the gods gave them ideas and ways to believe.

What is reincarnation?

The rebirth of the soul into a new life.

What was India's earliest form of writing and when was it developed?

Sanskrit around 700 BC.

Who began to fight during the Epic Age?

The Rahjahs of seperate cities.

What stories, or "epics", emerged during the Epic Age? What were they mostly about?

Mahabarata - civil war, righteousness between families


Ramayana - a love story, a perfect couple


Bhagavad Gita - "The song of the blessed Lord", love, devotion, responsibility


The Upanishads - defining Brahman


What is Brahman?

A force in all, that created everything, is a part of everything, and has "gods" or "deities" giving examples of it.

Between what ages did a shift in beliefs occur?

The Vedic and Epic Age.

Is Hinduism polytheistic? Why?

No, because although there are gods in Hinduism, they are all only examples of an all powerful force (Brahman) - therefore, Hinduism is a monotheistic religion.

Which life are Hindus more concerned with?

The present life.

What is one's aman?

Their soul.


What is maya?

Pain and sorrow due to seperation from Brahman.

What is monism?

The belief that humans and God are the same, whether or not they can see it.

When did Hinduism become a practiced religion?

After the Epic Age.

Who are Brahmins?

Hindu priests.


What are gurus?

Personal religious instructions and trainers.

What is yoga?

A practice of Hinduism designed to center you and help you focus.

What is puja?

Prayer in Hinduism.

What is the Ganges river believed to do?

Cleanse you, take away your sins.

What are the levels of the caste system? Who were the lowest - outcasts?

1. Brahmins


2. Kshatriyas


3. Vaishyas


4. Sudras



The outcasts are the Pariah.

Was Aryan society patriarchal?

Yes, meaning it was ruled by men.

What were two ancient practices of women who were though of as subordinate?

Purdah, the exclusion of women, and suttee, when a women would throw herself into the fire where her husband's body was burned after his death.

What is another name for Buddhism?

"The Way of Life".

Who invades after the Aryans?

The Persians.


Which kingdom of Aryans unite the Aryan tribes after the Persians invade?

The Magadha.


The Magadha Kingdom collapses due to what?

Civil war.


Who conquers the Persians after they invade?

Alexander the Greek.

What happens to the army of Alexander the Great in India?

They mutiny, and some stay in India.

Who established the Mauryan Empire?

Chandragupta Maurya.

Paliputra was...

The capital of the Mauryan empire.


What are some advancements made during the Mauryan empire?

Collect taxes, improve justice system, divide provinces, increase army size, built roads, created a postal system, created a spy system.

What happened to Chandragupta Maurya after he converted to a ____ monk?

He practiced extreme ahimsa (nonviolence towards animals after converting into a jain monk and starved himself to death.

Asoka attacked what large city?

Kalinga.

How many people died from Asoka's attack of Kalinga?

About 350,000.

After seeing the destruction he caused, ____ converted to ____.

Asoka - Buddhism

After converting to Buddhism, Asoka built...

Stupas (Buddhist temples), roads, and rest stops

What Age followed the rule of Asoka?

The Age of Invasions - invasions by Greeks and Kushians.

Chandragupta I founded what empire?

The Gupta empire.

What began after Chandragupta I founded the Gupta empire?

Peace and prosperity for 200 years - the golden age.

Why did Buddhism die out during the Gupta empire?

Chandragupta I was Hindu and spread his beliefs.

Who invades after the Gupta empire?

The Huns.

What are some social changes that occurred during the Golden age of India

The caste system became more rigid, women's rights further lowered.

What is polygamy/polygyny?

When a husband has multiple wives.

What caves are great examples of the excellent artwork of ancient India?

The Ellora Ajanta Caves.

What were some advancements in Medicine and Technology during the Golden Age of India?

Improved medicine skills, better metal tech (low grade steel), advanced math (basis of algerbra), architecture, and astronomy (seven planets - moon not a planet).