Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Peloponnesian War (431 - 404 BC)
|
cause: fear of Athenian power. triggers: a. Corinth vs. Corcyra; Epidamnus: There is a civil war in Epidamnus, Corinth and Corcyra take opposing sides. b. Potidaea (432) Athens seizes it. c. Megara (433/432) Pericles and Athenians decree that Megara is banned from all Athenian ports and Athenian marketplace. Pericles strategy for the war: pull population behind city walls, fight with Navy, therefore never have to face sparta on land. Out wait them.
|
|
|
Archidamian War (431-421)
|
Thebes attacking Plataea: thebes breaks in and gets hammered; went largely as expected: spartans would destroy farms but athenians were patient and stayed safe; plague hits athens once (430-429), and again (427-426); pericles dies of plague (429); a third of the hoplites die; the law of unanticipated consequences; in 427 aristophanes slams cleon and gets charged with slandering teh state, and has to back off on his criticisms of the state.
|
|
|
Effects of War
|
rise of demagogues, "war crimes", breakdown in civil and moral order, power. The war gets more and more brutal, hike in war crimes.
|
|
|
425-424
|
Athens into Sicily, a much bigger city.
|
|
|
424
|
Athens lose Amphipolis.
|
|
|
50 Year Peace if Nicias (421)
|
The state of which it was before - good deal for athenians.
|
|
|
Interbellum
|
Athenian treatment of melos (415) (Trojan Women). Melos revolts, Athenians take it, kill the men, enslave women and children. Everything that scared people about the Athenians is reconfirmed. Sicillian expedition (415); major loss to syracuse.
|
|
|
Final Phase (413-404)
|
Spartan Navies, persian support - Persians keep building the spartan navy until they become competent. Alliance between Sparta and Persia. In athens, rule of 400 (4 months), rule of 5,000 (with a constitution). Spartans lose at sea and on land (411/410), almost the end; major naval battle; admirals tried (406); 6 of 8 admirals are tried in mass instead of individually, and they are executed; athenian fleet caught docked by surprise, destroyed (405); athens besieged, famine, surrender (404), sparta saves athens. they save them because it keeps balance of power. Sparta wants the balance of power intact so sparta can remain isolationist.
|
|
|
404 BC
|
Athens falls. Corinth and Thebes want her destroyed, sparta says no on the conditions that fortifications at and to the Piraeus destroyed, fleet surrendered, exiles returned, Sparta controls Athenian foreign policy and a Spartan garrison on the Acropolis.
|
|
|
Rule of 30
|
Absolute blood bath. Seized property of enemies and various other people. 1500 executed in 8 months.
|
|
|
403
|
exiles returned in force and re took athens from the 30; democracy restored.
|
|
|
Era of Spartan Domination
|
Replaced athens as the head of the Greek empire; short on administrative and financial skills to run it; depopulated; effect of money: greed and ambition, loss of discipline and simplicity; as brutal but less competent then the Athenians; 401 march of Cyrus and the 10,000 against Artaxerxes; war between sparta and persia (401-396); sparta into thessaly,
|
|
|
Corinthian War (395-387)
|
a. Corinth, thebes, argos, athens vs. Sparta. b. 394: sparta wins two battles on land, lost big naval battle to athenian admiral Conon in charge of a persial fleet. c. Athens rebuilds fortifications and walls to Piraeus; corinth built fortified walls. d. 390: athenian iphicrates defeats spartans near corinth. e. kings peace in 387: asia minor and cyprus go back to persia; athenians end alliances.
|
|
|
383-379
|
Sparta destroyed Chalcidean league in war; sparta forms alliances with tyrant Dionysius in sicily.
|
|
|
377 BC
|
Second athenian confederacy
|
|
|
377-371
|
athenian confederacy vs. sparta
|
|
|
Era of Theban Domination
|
by 371 thebes withdraws and focuses on Boeotia and phocis; 371 battle of leactra: sparta and allies vs. thebes; rise of arcadian league (north central peloponnese); serious spartan losses; thebes into thessaly and even madedonia; 364/3: athenian navy beaten back; thebes destroyed Orchomenus (NW Boeotia); 362 battle of mantinea: thebes and troops from Boeotia/ Euboea/thessaly vs. athens/sparta/achea/ellis/others - draw, lost epaminondas; as brutal as teh athenians, less competent at empire (perhaps better than aparta; greece ultimately unified by philip of macedonia by 338 bc.
|
