Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Stone Age characteristics
|
Identify:
12,000 yrs ago hunterers-gatherers Franchthi cave |
|
Late Bronze Age characteristics
|
Identify:
linear B Oral Tradition |
|
7th C. BC
|
Identify:
writing history= Trojan war |
|
Neolithic
|
Identify:
7,000 - 3,000 BC settled life farming... |
|
Trojan War
|
13th c. BC
Poems written -late 8th early 7th c. |
|
Land in Ancient Greece
|
Defines way of life and social structures.
70% mountain, 20%Agriculture silver, stone, clay grain, wine, oil |
|
priesthood and religion
|
never at center of political/economic power
-unlike Egypt and Mesopotamia |
|
Bronze Age
|
*3,000 BC
*impact on social/economic **widens wealth gap **aids work *settlement hierarchy **town vs. village |
|
Middle Bronze Age
|
*2,100-1,600
*poorer *1st high civilization in Europe *language replaced > indo-euro *fusion of new and old people |
|
Minoan Civilization
|
*Knossos, Crete
*2300 Destruction *2100- recover *2000-complex social structure *1375-final destruct Knossos Palace *International Trade *Supernatural Control Natural world *Agrarian > Fertility *Female Goddess *Shaft graves *Palace: running water, waste disposal, 300 rooms, 2-3 stories |
|
Late Bronze Age
|
*Mycenaean
*1600-1200 *Tholos Tomb - Beehive *customers of Minoans *Greek language *adopt linear A > palace records *rule Crete by 1400's *1400-1200 Glory Years *Buildings less magnificent, megaron, combat themes *rival mycenaean states *chariots convey 2 battle, not during *prestige *1200 destruction, palace system vanished *invaders?signs- < trade and > wars |
|
What was the history of the ancient Greeks?
|
*Trojan War - Iliad and Odyssey
*700 BC- Hesiod ** Theogeny... |
|
Dark Age
|
Identify:
*1200-700 BC *Homer- consistent with continuity of social institutions |
|
1200-1000
|
Huge Depopulation
|
|
Continuity in Dark Age
|
*same crafts, etc
*only palace workers affected |
|
Production of Iron
|
*late 11th
*trade decrease and no bronze |
|
1050-900
|
Protogeometric
|
|
Protogeometric
|
pottery decoration
takes place during Dark Age faster wheel/glaze = higher Temp circles and arcs and straight lines origin in Attica |
|
1050
|
Ionian Migration
|
|
Ionian Migration
|
settle attica then Ionia (Anatolia)
archaeology and dialect are shared with Athenians |
|
950
|
almost all weapon and tools found are iron
|
|
Archaic Greece
|
*700-400 BC
*more change *formative to Golden Age *city states *colonization *pan-hellenic shrines/festivals >nurtures cultural unity *rational universe *democratic government *wars *widening economic inequality ** class warfare *instability > tyrant *confidence and prosperity *1st time speak of events with dates |
|
Archaeological evidence
|
* more because greater wealth
*coins = 6th c. *stone buildings *inscriptions *sculptures |
|
Polis
|
*8th c.
*social/political organization *elements exist in Dark Age *Demos= territorial community **homer> fighting men and council of elders *religion- shrines connect country to town |
|
Ethnos
|
*"tribe"
*regional territory and people *single urban center *central government Ex: Boeotia = Thebans, Plataeans |
|
city-state
|
*created by elites
*abolish basileus *distribute power *increase power of aristocratic elders (council) *decrease Assembly of People *more unified meant more intrusive |
|
Dorian States
|
Argos-Pheidon (tyrant)
Sparta- 5 ephors Corinth- Bacchiads- oligarch |
|
Colonization
|
*mid 8th- 500 BC
*coincides with emergence of polis *community decision *early 6th - opportunity declines |
|
500s
|
*Reform of Debts
*bondage increases *chattel slavery increases *Sparta and Helots *redistribution of land *citizenship tied to economic lines *class divisions: rich(12-20%), Poor (20-30%), Middle (about 50%) |
|
Warfare
|
*hoplite/hoplon
*phalanx *equipment = 70 lbs. *battles brief - no longer than an hour **light casualties at %15 *Homer - death bad versus Polis - death good |
|
Sparta
|
*most powerful in Archaic and classical
*patriarchal, agruiculture, slavery, martial valor *state instrusion extreme *epitaphs only for death in battle and childbirth *coin gold after classical |
|
Sources of Spartan history
|
Herodotus, Thucydides, Xenophon, and Plutarch
|
|
Nature of Spartan History
|
*spartans do not write history before hellenistic period
*what is known is written in Hellenistic Period > "restore" Constitution of Lycurgus *Way of life develop-archaic *out of use end of 400's *revived Hellenistic Period |
|
Temple Artemis Orthia
|
*votive offerings in early Archaic Period
*6th c. -art, etc > low priority *passage of life stages *4 villages near Eurotas R. form city of Sparta **Amyclae added in early 8th c. |
|
Sparta and Land
|
*Difficulty satisfying needs with territory
*need more land for more people *no colonization but conquer neighbors *end of 8th- control Laconian Plain *helots and perioiki |
|
Social Hierarchy
|
*Helots outnumber 7 to 1
*perioiki- free, serve army, no government, crafts |
|
725-720
|
First Messenian War
|
|
725
720 |
invade Messenia
Messenians not on olympic victor list |