Anatomy: Muscular System

Front 1

Smooth muscle

Back 1

Walls of internal organs

Involuntary

Uninucleated

Front 2

Cardiac Muscle

Back 2

Stiated

Branched

Uninucleated fibers (1 nucleus)

Front 3

Skeletal Muscles

Back 3

Tubular

Voluntary

Front 4

Soma

Back 4

Cell body name

Front 5

Dendrites

Back 5

Extensions from the cell body that receives electrochemical stimulation from other neurons

Front 6

Synapse

Back 6

The structure that allows neurons to pass signals to other neurons, muscles, or glands

Front 7

Neuromuscular junction

Back 7

A synapse between a motor neuron and muscle fiber

Front 8

Ach

Back 8

Triggers realease of Ca2+ causing the actin and myosin to react

(Happens at neuromuscular junction)

Front 9

Soma

Back 9

Cell body

Front 10

Action potentials

Back 10

Electrical signals that send messages between the brain and muscular system

Front 11

Lactid acid

Back 11

Produced by muscular contractions and changes muscle tissue pH

Front 12

Smooth muscle

Back 12

No striations Unicleated fibers

Front 13

Cardiac muscle

Back 13

Only in heart

Involuntary

Front 14

Skeletal

Back 14

Multinulceated fibers

tubular

Front 15

Troponin complexes (which is on tropomyosin)

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Back 15

When muscle contracts upon stimulation, calcium ions bind to __________, which exposes the binding sites for the myosin cross‐bridges to attach to.

Front 16

Phosphate

Back 16

In order to make ATP (adenosine triphosphate) in muscles, creatine phosphate (CP) transfers __________ to adenosine diphosphate (ADP).

Front 17

Anaerobic

Back 17

Lactic acid, a byproduct of cellular respiration, is typically produced during __________ respiration.

Front 18

CP, anaerobic respiration, aerobic respiration

Back 18

correct sequence for the production of ATP for muscle contraction?

Front 19

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Back 19

Calcium ions will cause the troponin/tropomyosin complex to move in such a manner as to expose the actin binding sites. The calcium ions are released from the __________

Front 20

Actin

Back 20

The binding sites for the cross‐bridges are located on __________.

Front 21

aerobic respiration

Back 21

Which reaction produces the most ATP for muscle contraction?

Front 22

The next muscle contraction will be greater than the previous muscle contraction.

Back 22

What will occur if calcium ions are not completely reabsorbed?

Front 23

Creatine phosphate

* https://courses.lumenlearning.com/nemcc-ap/chapter/muscle-fiber-contraction-and-relaxation/#m46447-fs-id2164808

Back 23

A molecule that can store energy in its phosphate bonds.

Front 24

Depolarization

Back 24

Caused when sodium channels open, which elicits an action potential that propagates along the cell

Front 25

Repolarization

Back 25

The stage of an action potential in which the cell experiences a decrease of voltage due to the efflux (flowong out) of potassium (K+) ions along its electrochemical gradient.

Front 26

Repolarization

Back 26

This phase occurs after the cell reaches its highest voltage from depolarization.

Front 27

Myosin

Back 27

Refers a protein that makes a thick filament

Front 28

Actin

Back 28

Refers a protein that makes a thin filament

Front 29

Actin

Back 29

Consists of troponin and tropomyosin

Front 30

Myosin

Back 30

Consists of meromyosin

Front 31

Actin

Back 31

Surface is smooth

Front 32

Myosin

Back 32

Surface is rough

Front 33

Myosin

Back 33

Forms cross bridges

Front 34

Actin

Back 34

Found in A and I bands

Front 35

Myosin

Back 35

Found only in A bands of the sarcomere

Front 36

Myosin

Back 36

Do not slide during contraction

Front 37

Actin

Back 37

Slide into the H zone during contraction

Front 38

All or none law

Back 38

Principle that states that the strength of a response of a nerve cell or muscle fiber is not dependent upon the strength of the stimulus. If a stimulus is above a certain threshold, a nerve or muscle fiber will fire.

Front 39

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Back 39

This process breaks down glucose into two lactate molecules. Then, lactate and hydrogen form lactic acid

Happens when no more O² is availible

Front 40

Creatine

Back 40

ATP transfers its energy to _______ producing ADP and creatine phosphate

Front 41

Smooth muscle

Back 41

The muscle type that has no sarcomere or tropononin binding sites

Front 42

synaptic cleft

Back 42

A small space that separates the synaptic terminal from the motor-end plate.

Front 43

Synaptic terminal

Back 43

The end of the neuron’s axon

Front 44

action potentials

Back 44

Electrical signals that travel down the neurons axon

Front 45

motor-end plate

Back 45

The area of the sarcolemma on the muscle fiber that interacts with the neuron

Front 46

Neurotransmitters

Back 46

molecules used by the nervous system to transmit messages between neurons, or from neurons to muscles

Front 47

Cardiac musle

Back 47

Which muscle tissue(s) have intercalated discs