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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Gross anatomy |
Visible to the eye (without equipment) |
Bones |
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Anatomy def |
Study of internal and external body structures and the relationship between them |
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Microanatomy + 2 examples |
Microscope required Cytology - study of cells Histology - study of tissues |
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Levels of organization |
Chemicals Cellular Tissues Organs Organ system Organism |
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Chemical level |
Atoms & molecules |
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Cellular level |
Molecules forms organelles which form cells Cells are Basic unit of life Cells cna be transformed into other cells (like fat) |
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Tissue level |
A group of structurally similar cells with a common function |
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4 major types of tissues |
Epithelial (outside) Connective tissues Muscles Nervous |
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Organ level |
2 + tissues working together for a common function |
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Organ systems |
Several related organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose |
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Organisms |
All systems function together to maintain life |
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Organic substance (4 main) |
Proteins Lipids Carbohydrates Nucleic acids |
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Acids |
Organic or not Dissolve in h2o releasing H Low PH |
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Bases |
Can be organic or not Substance that bind free H into H2O Ex. NaOH Ex. HCO3 (bicarbonate) - H2CO3 |
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Carbohydrates |
C, O, H (CH2O) (in these proportions) Source of energy for cells - C6H12O6 (glucose) Cellular structures - DNA and RNA
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Monosaccharides |
A.k.a simple sugars GlucOSE, frutOSE, deoxyribOSE Basic building blocks for carbohydrates Disaccharides - 2 monosaccharides covalently bonded |
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Glycogen |
Stored in liver and muscles easy to access first source of energy Polysaccharides |
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Lipids (functions) |
A.k.a fats C H O Insoluble Function - protect organs - build cell membrane - source of stored energy |
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4 types of lipids |
Gycerides Phospholipids Cholesterol Steroids |
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Proteins |
C H O N (and sometimes S) Functions: Structural material Enzymes Antibodies Source of energy (last resort) |
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Naming proteins & the parts of proteins |
Built of amino acids (e.g. glycine) Dipeptides - two amino acids Polypeptides- many amino acids Protein - 1+ polypeptides folded into its final shape |
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Nucleic acids |
C H O N P 2 forms - DNA - RNA built of nucleotides -phosphate - monosaccharides (ribose or dioxy) - organic base (A T U C G) |
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Adenosine triphosphate |
Energy stored in covalent bonds (phosphate bonds = high energy bonds) |
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Gycerides |
Fats/lipids -very common - made of glycerol and fatty acid Made of 1 FA = monogycerideMade of 2 FA = diglyceride |
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Phospholipids |
Lipid - 3 building blocks1. Phosphate group/head (polor)2. DiGlyceride backbone (non polor)-a.k.a glycerol and FA |
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Cholesterol |
Lipid - found in cell membranes and used to synthesize steroids |
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Steroids |
Lipids Derived from cholesterol - hormones, bile salts, vitamin D |
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Pre embryonic period |
Zygote Morula Blastocyst Implantation Forms 2 layer embryonic disc |
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Blast prefix means |
Developing |
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Endo prefix means |
Inside |
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Morula |
Solid ball of 16-32 cells (cells called blastermers) Same size as zygot |
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Blastocyst |
Fluid filled (blastocyst cavity) with inner mass (embrblast) Outer wall call trophoblast (forms chorion) which gets food from mother |
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Implantation happens |
A week ish after fertilization |
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Inner cell mass bilayer composed of |
Epiblast -forms amnion - forms 3 germ layers of the embryo Hypobladt -forms yolks sack |
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Embryonic period |
3-8 weeks 3 germ layers now present Major organs form Limb buds differentiate Embryonic membrane forms |
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Fetal period |
9-40 week Growth and maturation |
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3 germ layers in embryo |
Ectoderm - will form nervous system and epidermis of skin Mesoderm -will form muscle, cardiovascular, ect. Endoderm - form epithelial linings of many systems and their glands |
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Embryonic membranes parts |
Chori9n Amnion Yolks sac Allantois |
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Chorion |
Derived from trophoblast Surrounds all embryonic membranes |
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Chorionic villi |
Projections of the chorion containing blood vessels that will form the fetal part of the placenta |
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Amnion |
Derived from epiblast Forms amniotic cavity that surrounds embryo (fluid provides shock absorption, temperature regulation) |
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Yolks sac |
Derived from hypoblast Forms part of gut Produces earliest blood cells and vessels Source of primordial germ cells (reproduction) |
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Allantois |
Forms umbilical cord and urinary bladder |
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