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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Anterior
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Toward the front
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Posterior
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Toward the back
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Inferior
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Under; underneath
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Superior
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Above
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Cephalic
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Toward the head
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Cranial
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Having to do with the skull
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Ventral
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Toward the stomach
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Caudal
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toward the tail-end
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Cubital
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Around the elbow
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Distal
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Farthest from the point of origin or attachment - used in reference to long bones
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Proximal
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Nearest ro the point of origin or attachment - used in reference to long bones.
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Ana
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Up
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Tom
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To cut
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Anatomy
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To cut up
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Metabolism
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The sum total of all the functions of the body.
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Homeostasis
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The steady-state equilibrium existing in the body and the maintenance of this state.
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Catabolism
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The breakdown of organic matter into simpler substances
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Anabolism
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The buildup or organic matter.
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Anatomical Position
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The point of reference for all anatomical directional terms.
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Dorsal
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Back
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Medial
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Toward the center
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Lateral
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To the side
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Ipsilateral
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On the same side.
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Contralateral
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Opposite side.
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Superficial
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Refers to structures or blood vessels.
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Sagittal Plane
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A vertical plane dividing the body into right and left sides.
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Frontal/Coronal Plane
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Divides the body into anterior/posterior sections
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Transverse Plane
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Divides the body into superior and inferior portions.
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Umbilical Region
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Center of the abdomen
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Lumbar Region
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Lateral to the Umbilical
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Epigastric Region
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Superior to the Umbilical
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Hypochondriac Regions
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Lateral to either side of the epigastrium.
Inferior to the umbilical region. |
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Iliac Regions
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Lateral to the hypogastrium.
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Inguinal
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Relating to the groin area.
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Serous Membrane
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A very thin layer of membrane that covers something.
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Acid
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A chemical compound that releases hydrogen atoms.
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Base
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A chemical compound that attracts hydrogen atoms.
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Increasing v. Decreasing #'s on the pH scale
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Increasing = Base- Alkaline
Decreasing = Acid |
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4 Basic tissues that make up the body
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Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous
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Epithelial
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Provides protection. Covers and lines organs.
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Connective (4 types)
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Connective proper, bone, blood, cartilage
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Types of bone cells
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Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes
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Osteoblasts
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Baby, new bone cells
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Osteocytes
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mature bone cell
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Osteoclasts
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eat away excess bone (callus)
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3 types Muscle tissue
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Skeletal, smooth, cardiac
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Nervous tissue's function
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Its function is simply one of communication
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# of bones in body
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206
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Periosteum
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Vascular nervous tissue which covers the bone wherever there is no cartilage.
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Types of bones
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Long, short, flat, Irregular
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Name some long bones
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arms, legs, fingers, toes
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Name some flat bones
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skull, sternum, shoulder blades, ribs, pelvic bones
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Name some short bones
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wrists and ankles
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Name some irregular bones
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vertabrae, sesamoid (knee cap), or bones under the thumb.
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Structure of a bone
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Diaphysis- shaft
Epiphyses - ends of the bone |
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Medulary Cavity
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Hollow part of the bone that marrow is in.
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Endosteum
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A thin membrane which lines the medullary cavity.
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2 kinds of bone
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compact - dense, hard, in shafts of bones
spongy - @ the ends of long bones. diploe - spongy bone found in between flat bones |
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Bone diseases
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Osteomyelitis, Osteoperosis
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Synovial joint
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a joint with a capsule around it (knee)
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Synovium
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membrane that covers the knee
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Flexion
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Reduces the angle between two bones.
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Extension
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A joint movement in which the angle between two bones increases
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Abduction
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Movement of a limb away from the center of the body.
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Adduction
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Movement of a limb toward the center of the body.
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Rotation
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Movement of a body part on its axis.
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Medial
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Towards the middle (does not imply movement)
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Pronation
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Rotation so the palm is turned backward
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Supination
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Rotation so the palm is in the anatomical position
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Elevation
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Raising a body part
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Depression
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lowering a body part
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Retraction
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Moving a body part backward
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Protraction
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Moving a body part forward
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Eversion
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Turning the foot so the sole is outward
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Inversion
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Turning the foot so the sole is inward
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Dorsiflexion
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flexing the foot
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Plantar flexion
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pointing the foot - moving it away from the shin
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