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127 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Amphiarthrosis
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an articulation that permits a small degree of independent movement; see interosscious membrane and pubic symphysis
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Appendicular Skeleton
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bones of the limbs and limb gridles that are attached to the axial skeleton
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Appendicular
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pertaining to the upper of lower limbs
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Appositional Growth
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the enlargement of a bone by the addition of cartilage or bony matrix at its surface
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Arthritis
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inflammation of the joints
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Abduct
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to move away from the midline of the body
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Acetabulum
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the cup like cavity on the lateral surface of the hip bone that receives the head of the femur
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Acromion
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the outer projection of the spine of the scapula; the highest point of the shoulder
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Acute
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sudden in onset, severe in intensity,and brief in duration
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Adduct
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to move toward the midline of the body
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Bony Thorax
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bones of the thorax, including the ribs, sternum, and thoracic vertebrae
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Bursa
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a small sac filled with fluid and located at friction points, especially joints
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Calcification
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the deposition of calcium salts within a tissue
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Calcitonin
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the hormone secreted by C cells of the thyroid when calcium ion concentrations are abnormally high; restores homeostasis by increasing the rate of bone deposition and the rate of calcium loss at the kidneys
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Canaliculi
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microscopic passageways between calls; bile canaliculi carry bile to bile ducts in the liver; in bone, canaliculi permit the diffusion of nutrients and wastes to and from osteocytes
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Articular
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the cartilage pad that covers the surface of a bone inside a joint cavity
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Articulation
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joint; point where two bones meet
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Atlas
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the first cervical vertebra; articulates with the occipital bone of the skull and the second cervical vertebra
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Axial Skeleton
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the bones of the skull, vertebral column, thorax, and sternum
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Axis
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1 the second cervical vertebra; has a vertical projection called the dens around which the atlas rotates; 2 imaginary line about which a joint or structure revolves
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Circumduction
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circular movement of a body part
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Coccyx
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the terminal portion of the spinal column, consisting of relatively tiny, fused vertebra
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Compact Bone
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dense bone that contain parallel osteons
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Concha/Conchae
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three pairs of thin, scroll-like bones that project into the basel cavities; the superior and medial conchae are part of the ethmoid, and the inferior conchae are separate bones
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Condyle
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rounded projection at the end of a bone that articulates with another bone
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Capitulum
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a general term for a small, elevated articular process; refers to the rounded distal surface of the humerus that articulates with the head of the radius
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Carotid Artery
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the principal artery of the neck, servicing cervical and cranial structures; one branch, the internal carotid, provides a major blood supply to the brain
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Cartilaginous Joint
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bones united by cartilage; no joint cavity is present
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Chondrocyte
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a mature cartilage cell
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Chondroitin
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sulfate the predominant proteoglycan in cartilage, responsible for the gelatinous consistency
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Congenital
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existing at birth
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Coracoid Process
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a hook-shaped process of the scapula that projects above the anterior surface of the capsule of the shoulder joint
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Coronoid
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hooked or curved
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Costal
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pertaining to the ribs
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Cranium
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the braincase; the skull bones that surround and project the brain
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Cuneiform Cartilages
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a pair of small cartilages in the larynx
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Depression
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inferior (downward) movement of a body part
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Development
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Growth and the acquisition of increasing structural and functional complexity; includes the period from conception to maturity
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Diaphysis
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elongated shaft of a long bone
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Dorsiflexion
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the elevation of the superior surface of the foot through flexion at the ankle
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Elevation
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Movement in a superior, or upward, direction
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Endochondral Ossification
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the conversion of a cartilaginous model to bone; the characteristic mode of formation for skeletal elements other than the bones of the cranium, the clavicles, and sesamoid bones
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Epiphyseal Cartilage
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the cartilaginous region between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a growing bone
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Epiphysis
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the opening of a long bone
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Fibrous Joint
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bones joined by fibrous tissue; no joint cavity is present
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Fibula
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the lateral, slender bone of the leg
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Flexion
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bending; the movement that decreases the angle between bones
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Foramen/Foramina
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an opening or passage through a bone
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Forearm
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the distal portion of the upper limb between the elbow and wrist
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Glenoid Cavity
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a rounded depression that forms the articular surface of the scapula at the shoulder joint
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gross anatomy
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The study of the structural creatures of the body without the aid of a microscope
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Hiatus
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a gap, cleft, or opening
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Illium
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The largest of the three bones whose fusion creates an os coxae
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Interstitial Growth
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a form of cartilage growth through the growth, mitosis, and secretion of chondrocytes in the matrix
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Intervertebral Discs
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the discs of fibrocartilage between the vertebra
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Intramembranous Ossification
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the formation of bone within a connective tissue without the prior development of a cartilaginous model
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Inversion
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a turning inward
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Joint
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a junction of two or more bones; an articulation
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Lacrimal
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pertaining to tears
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Lacuna
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a little depression or space, in bone or cartilage, lacunae are occupied by cells
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Lamellae
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concentric layers; the concentric layers of bone within an osteon
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Marrow
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Tissue that fills the internal cavities in bone; dominated by hemopoietic cells (red bone marrow) or by adipose tissue (yellow bone marrow)
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Medullary Cavity
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the space within a bone that contains the marrow
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Metecarpal
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one of the five bones of the palm of the hand
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Metatarsal
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one of the five bones between the tarsus and the phalanges of the foot
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Olfaction
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smell
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Ossification
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the formation of a bone
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Osteoblasts
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bone forming cells
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Osteocyte
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a bone cell responsible for the maintenance and turnover of the mineral content of the surrounding bone
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Osteon
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a system of interconnecting canals in the microscopic structure of adult compact bone, unit of bone
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Palatin
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pertaining to the palate
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Paranasal Sinuses
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bony chambers, lined by respiratory epithelium, that open into the nasal cavity; the frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, and maxillary sinuses
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Parathyroid Hormone
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hormone released by the parathyroid glands that regulates the blood calcium levels
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Patella
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the sesamoid bone of the knee cap
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Pelvic Gridle
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incomplete bony basin formed by the 2 coxal bones that secures the lower limbs to the sacrum of the axial skeleton
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Pelvis
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a basin shaped structure; lower portion of the skelton of the body trunk
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Perichondrium
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the layer that surrounds cartilage, consisting go an outer fibrous region and an inner cellular region
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Periosteum
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double layered connective tissue that covers and nourishes the bone
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Phalanges
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the bones of the fingers and toes
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Plantar Flexion
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ankle extension
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pronation
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the inward rotation of the forearm causing the radius to cross diagonally over the ulna- palms face posteriorly
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Proteoglycan
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a compound containing a large polysaccharide complex attached to a relatively small protein; examples include hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfate
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Protraction
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movement anteriorly in the horizontal plane
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Pubic Symphysis
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the fibrocartilaginous amphiarthrosis between the pubic bones of the ossa coxae
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Pubis
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the anterior, inferior component of the os coxae
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Ramus
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a branch of a nerve, artery, vein, or bone
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Ramus/Rami
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a branch
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Reduction
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restoring broken bone ends (o a dislocated bone) to its original position
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Retraction
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movement posteriorly in the horizontal plane
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Shoulder Girdle
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composite of two bones, scapula and clavicle, that attach the upper limb to the axial skeleton; also called the pectoral girdle
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Skull
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Bony enclosure for the brain
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Spinous Process
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the prominent posterior projection of a vertebra; formed by the fusion of 2 laminae
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Sutures
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immovable fibrous joints that connect the bones of the adult skull
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Symphysis
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a fibrous amphiarthrosis, such as that between adjacent vertebra or between the pubic bones of the ossa coxae
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Synovial Fluid
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a fluid secreted by the synovial membrane; lubricates joint surfaces and nourishes articular cartilages
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Synovial Joint
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freely movable joint exhibiting a joint cavity enclosed by an articular capsule lined with synovial membrane
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Synovial membrane
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membrane that lines the capsule of a synovial joint
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Tarsal Bones
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the bones of the ankle ( the talks, calcaneus, navicular, and cuneiform bones)
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Temporal
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pertaining to time (temporal summation) or to the temples (temporal bone
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Tendon
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cord of dense bibulous tissue attaching a muscle to a bone
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Thorax
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That portion of the body trunk above the diaphragm and below the neck
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Throchanter
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a large, somewhat blunt process
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Trochlea
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a pulley, the spool shaped medial portion of the condyle of the humerus
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Tubercle
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a nodule or small rounded process
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Tuberosity
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a large roughened elevation on a bony surface
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Vertebral Column
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the spine, formed of a number of individual bones called vertebrae and two composite bones ( sacrum and coccyx)
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Xiphoid Process
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the slender, inferior extension of the sternum
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appendicular skeleton
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bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeletonossification:
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ossification
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the formation of bone
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calcification
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the deposition of calcium salts within a tissue
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tendon
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cord of dense fibrous tissue attaching a muscle to a bone
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articulation
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joint; point where two bones meet
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axial skeleton
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the bones of the skull, vertebral column, thorax, and sternum
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bursa
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a small sac filled with fluid and located at friction points, especially joints
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compact bone
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dense bone that contains parallel osteons
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congential
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existing at birth
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diaphysis
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the shaft of a bone
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epiphysis
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the end of a long bone
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gross atatomy
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the study of the structural features of the body without the aid of a microscope
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interstitial growth
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a form of cartilage growth through the growth, mitosis, and secretion of chondrocytes in the matrix
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osteocyte
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a bone cell responsible for the maintenance and turnover of the mineral content of the surrounding bone
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osteon:
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a system of interconnecting canals in the microscopic structure of adult compact bone; unit of bone
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pelvic girdle:
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incomplete bony basin formed by the two coxal bones that secures the lower limbs to the sacrum of the axial skeleton
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suture
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immovable fibrous joint that connects the bones of the adult skull
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synovial fluid:
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a fluid secreted by the synovial membrane; lubricates joint surfaces and nourishes articular cartilages
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thorax
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that portion of the body trunk above the diaphragm and below the neck
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ligament
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a cord of fibrous tissue that connects bones
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