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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Golden Sentence: |
Facial |
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Muscles of Mastication?
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Masseter, temporalis,
Lateral and medial pterygoid |
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Golden Sentence:
Muscles of Mastication Innervation? |
***All Innervated by Mandibular nerve (CNV/3).
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What are the infrahyoid muscles?
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Omohyoid, Sternohyoid,
Sternothyroid and Thyrohyoid |
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Golden Sentence:
infrahyoid muscles are innervated by? |
cervical ansa (C1-C3)
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Golden Sentence:
All laryngeal muscles are innervated by ? |
Recurrent laryngeal n (branch of CN-X)
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Contents:
foramen cecum |
nasal emissary v.
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Contents: |
CN-1 - Olfactory n. anterior ethmoidal a. |
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Contents: |
vessels and n. of same name
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Contents: (sella turcica) |
pituitary gland
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Contents: |
CN-2 (optic n.) |
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Contents: |
opthalmic v. lacrimal n. frontal n. |
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Contents: |
CNV/2 (maxillary n) |
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Contents: |
CNV/3 (mandibular n) venous plexus |
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Contents:
foramen spinosum |
middle meningeal a. v. |
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Contents: foramen lacerum |
Small vessels but mainly nothing goes through it the internal carotid a. goes OVER the cartilage that covers it Or Internal carotid artery and its accompanying sympathetic and venous plexus |
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Contents: |
labrynthe a. & v. CN-7 (facial n) |
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Contents: foramen magnum |
medulla (brain stem) meninges vertebral a. anterior spinal a. CN-11 (accessory n) posterior spinal a. Dural veins |
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Contents: jugular foramen |
CN-9 (glossopharyngeal n) CN-10 (vagus n) CN-11 (accessory n) internal jugular v. (Superior bulb) Inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses Posterior meningeal artery (ascending branches) Occipital artery |
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Contents: hypoglossal canal |
CN-12 (hypoglossal n) Venous plexus |
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Contents: |
CN-7 (facial n) stylomastoid a. |
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Contents: |
transmits inf. alveolar n. to mental foramen |
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Contents: |
enters as inferior alveolar |
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Cranial nerves mnemonic ? |
Oh
Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Virgin Girls Vaginas And Hymen |
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CN-I
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olfactory
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CN-II
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optic
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CN-III
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occulomotor
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CN-IV
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trochlear
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CN-V
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trigeminal
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CN-VI
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abducens
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CN-VII
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facial
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CN-VIII
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vestibulocochlear
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CN-IX
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glossopharyngeal
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CN-X
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vagus
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CN-XI |
Accessory
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CN-XII
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hypoglosseal |
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Trigeminal branches? |
1.opthalmic n = CNV/1 (Exits superficial orbital fissure) 2. maxillary n = CNV/2 (Exit foramen rotundum) 3. mandibular = CNV/3 (Exit ovale) xhew |
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What are the major Fontanels?
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Major fontanels are: anterior (ossified within 18-36 months), posterior, mastoid and sphenoid which are ossified within 6 month or more |
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__________ can get infected because of high amount of spngy bone; middle ear infection; seen on xray
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Mastoid of temporal bone
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drainage blocked; pain on palpation of zygomatics and nasum area
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Sinusitis
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Distance between clinoid processes clinical significance? |
tumor or swelling can expand the space
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Cavernous sinus?
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Blood of sinuses come together and form int jug vein
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carotid body? innervation?
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detects changes in CO2 (and O2)
innervated by herings nerve (branch of CN9) |
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Facial vein anastomoses via Angular vein with dorsal nasal vein.
This anastomoses is extremely important because? |
This anastomoses is extremely important since this allows a direct connection to Cavernous sinus, through which, infections eg: from a furuncle on the lip, may get into skull
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Facial vein anastomoses via ________ With _______. Allows direction connection with ______
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Facial vein anastomoses via Angular vein With dorsal nasal vein. allows a direct connection to Cavernous sinus
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Tic Douloureux
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Trigeminal neuralgia
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Trigeminal neuralgia
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disorder of unknown etiology (cause) associated with intractable pain along the 3 branches of trigeminal nerve but especially along maxillary and mandibular
nerves. A simple trigger such as touch, cold or hot can start the pain. |
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Injury to ______ nerve leads to |
facial nerve |
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Bell's Palsy? |
Facial n paralysis
unilatral loss of muscle tone to the face (facial droop) |
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effect of botulinum toxin? |
paralysis - used to treat wrinkles
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Mandibular nerve block - which one blocks more? |
extraoral approach blocks more than intraoral approach
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coniotomy?
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aka cricothyrotomy - used in emergencies
puncture thyroid cartiledge to ventilate patient |
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tracheotomy?
upper tracheotomy? lower tracheotomy? |
done lower on the neck than coniotomy - above the sternal notch
upper = betweem 1st and 2nd tracheal ring lower = between 2nd and 3rd or 3rd and 4th ring |
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Structures important not to injure during tracheostomy? |
-ima thyroid a
-Inf. Thyroid a. -Left brachiocephalic v. -In children the thymus is present -Lymph node @ root of neck = sentinel lymph node (indicative of intra abd or intrathoracic CA) |
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Phrenic nerve origin and location relative to scalene gap?
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C3-C5 - injury here results in loss of ability to breathe |
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Trapezius M innervation?
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Innervation:
spinal root of Accessory nerve (CNXI) = motor and C3-C4 (propioception) = sensory |
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Fnx & Innervation: |
Function: unilateral contraction turns the head
to opposite side and bends it ipsilaterally. Bilateral contraction: lifts the head. Also functions in respiration. Innervation: CN-XI, C2-C3 |
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Congenital Torticollis
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Fibromatosis (fibrous tissue tumor) of Sternocleidomastoid M.
Head turns to the side and face away from the affected side. Leads to stifness of the neck due to fibrosis and shortening of the sternocleidomastoid. Injury during delivery may also result in Torticollis (muscle tear and hematoma leads to fibrosis) Therapy: division of the muscle below XI nerve or from its distal attachment. |
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SpasmodicTorticollis? aka?
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aka Wry Neck
Cranial dystonia (abnormal tonicity) Between 20-60 years of age. Unknown cause. May involve bilateral neck muscles especially the Sternocleidomastoid M. Unilateral deviation of the head. (turning, tilting, flexion or extension of the neck) May involve other muscles in the body. Therapy: myotomy or also section of the spinal Accessory N. and upper cervical ant. roots |
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Fxn & Innervation:
Digastric M |
Function: Raising hyoid and stabilizing it in speaking and swallowing, depressing the mandible.
Innervation: Ant. Belly: V/3, trigeminal N. post. belly: VII, facial nerve |
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Branchial Arteries?
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embryonic arteries aka arches that have an associated nerve
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Branchial Arches and associated nerves?
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-Arch 1 = CN-V -> nerve to branchial arch 1 = ant. Belly = also mastication muscles
-Arch 2 = CN-VII -> nerve to branchial arch 2 = post. Belly = also facial muscles -Arch 3 = CN IX -Arch 4 and 6 = CN-X -Arch 5 in humans doesn’t fully develop |
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2 branches of laryngeal n?
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Superior laryngeal nerve
Inferior laryngeal nerve aka recurrent laryngeal n. |
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innervation Geniohyoid M
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C1 via hypoglossal nerve
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_________ is the only muscle innervated by CN 9 in the pharynx
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Stylopharyngeus muscle
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What is in the scalene gap?
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brachial plexus and subclavian artery
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phrenic nerve location relative to scalene gap? |
Over anterior scalene muscle but not THROUGH gap |
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Scalene muscles are innervated by?
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Brachial plexus
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"care free" zone?
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Occipital T.
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careful zone? |
Omoclavicular T. - careful
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Thyroid secretes ______ via C cells aka ______ cells. Causes?
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secretes calcitonin via clear/parafollicular cells
causes increased bone formation and decreased serum Ca++ |
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_______ is secreted as T3 and T4 via _____ cells. Regulates?
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thyroxin is secreted as T3/T4 via follicular cells
regulates metabolism |
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PTH function |
decreases bone foremation and increases serum Ca++
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__________ Innervates most of laryngeal muscles |
Recurrent laryngeal n (branch of CN-X) Innervates most of laryngeal muscles
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Only laryngeal muscle NOT innervated by reccurent laryngeal n? innervation?
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Superior laryngeal nerve has external branch that innervates cricothyroid muscle
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What are the suprahyoid muscles? |
digastric m
stylohyoid mylohyoid geniohyoid |
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Contents:
incisive foramen/incisive canals |
nasopalatine nerve |
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Contents:
inferior orbital fissure |
maxillary n
zygomatic n infraorbital vessels opthalmic vein |
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Contents:
Infraorbital foramen |
n. v. a. same name
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Contents:
mastoid foramen |
emissary veins
mastoid branch of occipital a |
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Contents: |
nasolacrimal duct
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What bones are in the "face" of the skull? |
Palatine Bone (2) Maxillary Bones (2) Nasal bones (2) Zygomatic bones (2) Inferior Nasal Conchae (2) Lacrimal bones (2) Vomer (1) Mandible (1) |
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What are the bones of the "cranium" part of the skull? |
Occipital bone (1) Frontal bone (1) Temporal Bone (2) > auditory ossicles enclose In temporal bone (6) > hyoid bone (1) Parietal bone (2) Sphenoid bone (1) Ethmoid bone (1) |
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What are sites of articulation between the bones of the skull? |
Sutures |
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What are the unossified areas between the bones that are found during infancy and early childhood? > what do they include and when do they ossify within? |
Fontanelles
Include the larger anterior and posterior fontanelles, as well as the smaller mastoid and sphenoidal fontanelles.
Ossify within 6-36 months after birth |
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Groove or hiatus of greater petrosal nerve |
G.P. Nerve and petrosal branch of the middle meningeal artery. |
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Contents: Condylar canal |
Emissary vein that passes from sigmoid sinus to vertebral veins in the neck - condylar emissary vein |
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What is Epicranius function and it's innervation? |
Produces wrinkles on forehead and gives facial expression of astonishment
Innervation: all mimetic muscles by Facial nerve (CN 7) |
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What is the function of the Orbicularis Oculi muscle? |
Produces folds in lateral angle of the eye, expression of the Worry and concern |