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52 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
knee joint
-largest, most complicated
-modified hinge joint
hip joint
ball-and-socket formed by femur and hip
elbow joint
-hinge joint
-formed by humerus and radius&ulna
shoulder joint
-ball-and-socket formed by head of humerus and scapula
-most freedom of movement than any other joint
temporomandibular joint
-combined hinge/planar joint
-formed by mandible and temporal bone
only moveable joint between skull bones?
temporomandibular joint (only mandible moves)
arthroplasty of knee - total knee replacement
femoral, tibial, and patellar surfaces removed and replaced by plastic spacer components
arthroplasty of hip - total hip replacement
acetebellum is reshaped and head of femur is removed
artificial acetabellum, head of femur, and metal shaft that inserts into femur replaces the original parts
partial hip replacement
only involves femur
effect of aging on joints
less synovial fluid produced, articular cartilage becomes thinner, ligaments shorten and lose flexibility, osteoarthritis is partially age related
factors affecting ROM
-structure & shape of the bones that are articulating (determines how closely they fit together)
-strength and tension of the joint ligaments (tense ligaments restrict ROM)
ball-and-socket joints
ball like end of one bone fitting into a cup-like depression of the articulating bone
ex: shoulder and hip
saddle joints
one surface of a bone is a saddle shape and the other bone that articulates with it fits the saddle
ex: thumb
pivot joints
Surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by another
bone
ex: atlanto-axial joint, b/w head of radius and radial notch of ulna
condyloid joint
The projection of one bone fits into the oval-shaped depression of another bone
ex: wrist
planar joints
-back-and-forth and side-to-side motion
ex: intercarpal joints
hinge joints
-permits opening and closing like of a door
-permit only flexion and extension
ex: knee and elbow
abduction
movement of a bone away from the midline
adduction
movement of a bone toward the midline
dorsiflexion
pointing toe up
plantar flexion
pointing toe down
opposition
movement of the thumb across the palm to touch the fingertips on the same hand
supination
moving the forearm so the palm places up
pronation
moving the forearm so the palm faces down
elevation
superior movement of a body part
depression
inferior movement of a body part
inversion
medial movement of the sole
eversion
lateral movement of the sole
protraction
anterior movement of a body point in the transverse plane
retraction
posterior movement of a body part in the transverse plane
circumduction
distal end of a body part moves around in a circle
rotation
movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis (can be lateral or medial)
flexion
decrease angle between articulating bones
extension
increase angle between articulating bones
3 types of joints:
-Fibrous Joints
-Cartilaginous Joints
-Synovial Joints
fibrous joints
joints held together by dense collagen (irregular connective tissue) fibers.
little or movement.
cartilaginous joints
bones held together by cartilage
synovial joints
bones held together by ligaments
synarthosis
an immovable joint
amphiarthrosis
semi-moveable joint
diarthrosis
a freely moveable joint
3 types of fibrous joints
syndesmoses, sutures, gomphoses
syndesmoses
have slight movement
-interosseous membrane
(i.e. bw tibia and fibula)
gomphoses
immovable joint
-Joint in which a cone-shaped
peg fits into a socket
-Articulations of the teeth with the
sockets of the maxillae and
mandible
cartilaginous joints
-no synovial cavity
-little or no movement
-tightly connected by cartilage
2 types: 1. Synchondroses
2. Symphyses
synchondroses
-Connecting tissue is hyaline cartilage
-Epiphyseal (growth) plate
symphyses
-slightly moveable joint
-Ends of the articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage, but a disc of fibrocartilage connects the bones
synovial joints
-synovial cavity allows joint to be freely moveable
-ligaments hold bones together in a synovial joint
articular capsule
A sleeve-like capsule encloses the synovial cavity ..
has two layers
-an outer fibrous capsule
-an inner synovial membrane-epithelial secretory cells
function of synovial fluid
(secreted by synovial membrane)
-lubricates the joint
-absorbs shocks
-supply oxygen and nutrients to the cartilage
-removing carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes from the cartilage
bursae
-Sac-like structures containing fluid similar to synovial fluid
-Located between tendons, ligaments and bones
-Cushion the movement of these body parts
tendon sheaths
wrap around tendons and reduce friction at joints