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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
circulatory system: angiology
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study of vessels.
angi means vessels, including lymph as well as blood vessels. Lymph system is part of ciculation. |
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Blood vascular system
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vessels containing blood.
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cardiology:
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study of the heart (cardia)
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Location of heart
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interior portion of mediastinal cavity.
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Tunics:
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lining that wraps the heart like clothes
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Tunics: Endocardium
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innermost lining of the heart, its only 1 cell thick through the entire vascular system. Only in the heart is it called endocardium.
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Tunics: myocardium
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middle tunic, muscular layer.
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Tunics: epicardium (outer)
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outer layer of the heart and is visceral pericardium which is the inner layer of pericardium. Same layer, 2 names
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Pericardium
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closed sac around the heart
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Pericardium: visceral
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inner layer of sac
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pericardium: perietal
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outer layer of sac, part of sec against wall of the thorax.
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Heart is an
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artery:
3 tunics 3 arteries |
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Chambers: Right atrium
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collects blood from all parts of anatomy.
Target in embalming |
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Fossa ovalis:
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(oval depression) in adult heart is referance of the foramen oval (oval hole) that was present in fetus that closed at birth and leave the fossa in the adult.
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superior vena caval orifice
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opening of superior vena cava that comes into R. atrium
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inferior vena caval orifice
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opening in inferior vena cava that comes into right atrium
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coronary sinus orifice
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opening to coronary sinus which drains the heart wall back to the heart through right atrium.
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right ventrical: Right atrioventricular orifice
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opening to tricuspid valve
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pericardium: perietal
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outer layer of sac, part of sec against wall of the thorax.
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papillary muscle
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cone shaped muscles in the floor of the ventricles.
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chorde tendinae
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tendenous chords that run from the tips of the papillary muscles to the corresponding valve.
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papillary muscle and chorde tendinae keep
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valve from closing(averting)
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Pulmonary trunk orifice
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opening into the common pulmonary trunk located in right ventricle
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pulmonary semi-lunar valve
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half moon shaped valve right in the mouth of the common pulmonary trunk. (external, into lung)
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Left atrium
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pulmonary venous orifices blood from the lungs and carries oxygenate blood
(4 total, 2 each lung) |
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left ventricle (LV) : atrioventricular valve orifice
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opening into the mitral(bicuspid) valve
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LV: bicuspid or mitral or left atrioventricular valve
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blood flows between the left atrium and right ventricle through the valve.
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LV Aortic orifice
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opening in the aorta
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LV Aortic semi-lunar valve
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half moon shaped valve in the mouth of aorta. Used for embalming.
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Circulatory system
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characteristics are arteries, veins, and nerves.
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Arteries
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will stand by themselves, even when empty
cream colored present lumen |
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veins
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bluish color
will collapse when empty tunica media are very thin have lumen |
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nerves
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silver white color
very tough present no lumen, instead have many silvery white nerve tracks |
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nerves incoming:
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sensory
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nerves outgoing
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motor
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Arteries: Arteriology:
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study of arteries.
have same identical layer is heart but dif names |
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Art layer: Tunica intima
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endocardium continuous with tunica intima and will be smooth through the entire circulatory system
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Art layer: tunica media
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middle layer, smooth thick muscle
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art layer: tunica adventitia
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outermost layer of an artery that's made of connective tissue.
Epicardium/visceral pericardium is continual w/tunica adventitia |
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Arterioles
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Little arteries, loses externa, only 2 tuniced lined vessel
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Arterioles: Tunica interna
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inner lining
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Arterioles: tunica media
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outer lining
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Capillaries
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only one cell thick and can only be seen at the microscope level.
tissue type is endothelium Outer layer is tunica interna |
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Venules:
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2 layers thick
-tunica interna -tunica media |
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phlebology
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study of veins
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Vein
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3 tuniced blood vessels returning to the heart
-tunica interna -tunica media -tunica externa |
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Vasa vasorum
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vessels of vessel.
found on arteries and veins but very difficult to see on veins. |
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Pulmonary circulation
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oriniates in the R. ventricle and ends in the L. atrium
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Systemic circulation
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originates in L. ventricle and terminates in R. atrium (returning all venus blood)
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anastomoses
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kissing of opposite blood flows uniting one
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collateral circulation
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2nd channel of circulation that are back ups to main channels.
Collateral circuits were established by anastomoses |
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Aorta location
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being L. Ventricle, ascends, arches posteriorly, and descends to terminate just to the left of back bone at L4 by bifurcation into common illiacs.
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Ascending aorta: Aortic semilunar valve and clinical correlation
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right in mouth of aorta, L. ventricle
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Ascending aorta: origin of coronary arteries
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beginning of ascending aorta, feeds the myocardium
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Brachiocephallic artery
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1st branch of arch
unique only on right side it's short and splits into R. Subclavian and R. common carotid |
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Right subclavian
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under clavical, it's short and branches into R. vertebral artery which turns into basilary artery is at base of brain stem and feeds brain. Basilar artery bifurcates into 2 posterior cerebrals that receive the 2 posterior communicating arteries
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verterbral artery
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backup supply to the circle of willis.
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right internal thorasic artery
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mammary arteries
branch into sub clavian inside breast plate. |
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R. axillary artery
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continuation of R. subclavian
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R. Brachial artery
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continuation of axillary artery.
branch: R. deep brachial artery=feeds muscles. profunus(deep) brachii: deep brachial artery |
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R. radial artery
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Lateral to right deep arch and to R digital arteries.
would pick radial over ulanar to embalm b/c radial feeds deep palmar arch. |
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r. ulnar artery
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medial to superficial palmer arch to R digital arteries.
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R. common carotid
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it quits to bifurcation at voice box.
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R. external carotid
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out to face, feeds face
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R. facial artery
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external maxillary artery, outside maxillary bones
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R. superficial temporal artery
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feeds skin of scalp w/ internal maxillary artery= 2 terminal bifurating branches of external common carotid
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posterior auricular artery
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feeds the pinna(ear flap)
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R. internal common carotid
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feeds brain
goes thru carotid canal or petrous temperal. |
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Greater cerebral arterial circle(wall of willis)
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size=quarter
internal carotid feeds COW. Circle wraps around pituitary gland |
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components: of Greater cerebral arterial circle, Internal carotids
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2 (r and l)
internal caritids trifurcating into anterior, middle and posterior communicating arteries |
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components: of Greater cerebral arterial circle, anterior cerebral arteries
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2 (r and l)
feeds front of brain |
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components: of Greater cerebral arterial circle, posterior communicating arteries
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2
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components: of Greater cerebral arterial circle, posterior cerebral arteries
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2, feeds back of cerebrum
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components: of Greater cerebral arterial circle, anterior communicating artery
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1
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direction of flow around the circle will depend on
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physiological demand
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carotid body
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monitors blood pressure. vaso constriction/dialation if pressure changes
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L. external carotid
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out to face, feeds face
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L. facial artery
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external maxillary artery, outside of maxillary bones
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Descending thoracic aorta
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need to say descending b/c in thoracic there is an ascending.
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bronchial group
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bronchial tubes and up into trachea
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pericardial group
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to pericardium
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esophageal
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to esophagus
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intercostals croup
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between ribs to take care of muscles.
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subcostal group
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only 2. located under ribcage
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superior phrenics
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only 2, top of diaphram
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Abdominal aorta
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Do not say descending, there is no ascending abdominal aorta
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Abdominal aorta: celiac axis of celiac trunk artery
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very short
1st unpaired branch off abdominal aorta trifurcates into 3 divisions |
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celiac axis of celiac trunk artery-3 trifurcation divisions,
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-L gastric artery, feeds stomach
-splenic artery, feeds spleen -common hepatic artery, feeds liver |
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Superior mesenteric artery
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2nd unpaired branch of ab aorta
feed the right side of intestines |
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inferior mesenteric artery
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3rd unpaired branch of ab aorta. feeds L. side of intestines.
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inferior phrenic arteries
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1st paired, feeds inferior surface of diaphragm
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middle suprarenal
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2nd paired by adrenal glands
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renal arteries
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3rd paired-kidneys
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gonadal arteries
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4th paired, testes or ovaries
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lumbar arteries
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5 pairs
1 pair for each lumbar feed the side walls |
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middle sacral arteries
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5 pair
feeds the sacrum, come off the back side |
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terminal branches
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split at L4 into common illiacs which splits into internal and external iliacs
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internal iliac arteries
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feed the viscera in pelvis cavity
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external iliac arteries
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go into femeral, the change takes place at midpoint of inguinal ligament.
femeral is immediately deep of ligament. |
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arteries of lower extremeties: femoral
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thru thigh, starts lateral and ends medial.
feeds anterior region of thigh. adductor mangus muscle has opening which marks end of the femoral. |
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arteries of lower extremeties: popliteal
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pops out back at bend of knee.
runs vertically thru popliteal space. |
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arteries of lower extremeties posterior tibial
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behind tibia
feeds the crus |
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arteries of lower extremeties: dorsalis pedis
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(top of foot) anterior tibial only!
changes name at bend of ankle. It runs the top foot between the big toe and adjacent toe. |