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143 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
study of the structure and location of the parts of the body?
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anatomy
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study of the function of partsof the body?
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physiology
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idea that the structure of body parts is designed to enable the body parts to perform their functions?
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complementary
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stay the same/ balanced?
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homeostasis
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Levels of organization
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chemical- atom and molecule
cellular-cells tissues organs organ systems organisms |
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functions of integumentary system?
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protection, seperation, glands, and sensors
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functions of skeletal system?
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structure, movement, and protection
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functions of muscular system?
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start movement and produce heat
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functions of nervou system?
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control
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Examples of Negative feedback?
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1.eating a doughnut, blood sugar goes up, pancreas releases insulin to bring it back down
2. skip a meal, blood sugar decreases, pancreas releases gulcagon that tells the body to break down glycogen into glucose, blood sugar goes up |
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The release of oxytocin to cause uterine contractions during childbirth is an example of which homeostatic control mechanism?
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positive feedback
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What happens to homeostatic control mechanisms as we age?
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they decrease
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towards the top or the head
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superior
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towards the bottom
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inferior
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towards the front
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anterior
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towards the back
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posterior
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towards the middle
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medial
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away from the middle
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lateral
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in between the middle and lateral
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intermediate
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closer to the attachment point
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proximal
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away from the attachment point
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distal
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toward the surface
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superficial
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away from surface
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deep
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seperates an organ into a left and right side
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sagittal
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seperates an organ into an equal left and right side
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midsagittal
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refers to a sagittal cut that is not down the middle
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parasagittal
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seperates an organ into an anterior and posterior side
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frontal or coronal
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seperates an organ into a superior and inferior part
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horizontal or cross cut
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cut along a diagonal
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oblique
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ear
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otic
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front of knee
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patellar
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head
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cephalic
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calf
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sural
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fingers
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digital
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axillary
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armpit
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heel
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calcaneal
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back of elbow
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olecranal
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neck
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cervical
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back of knee
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popliteal
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palm
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palmar
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front of elbow
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antecubital
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forehead
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frontal
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wrist
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carpal
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naval / belly button
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umbillical
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arm
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brachial
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foot
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pedal
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hip
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coxal
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cheek
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buccal
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thigh
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femoral
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eye
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orbital
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abdomen
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abdominal
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groin
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inguinal
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thumb
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pollex
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shoulder blade
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scapular
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shoulder
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acromial
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between ventral hips
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pelvic
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loin/small of back
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lumbar
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breasts
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mammary
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ankle
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tarsal
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nose
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nasal
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mouth
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oral
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back
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dorsal
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sole
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plantar
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between the dorsal hips
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sacral
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chin
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mental
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breastbone
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sternal
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genitals
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pubic
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big toe
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hallux
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forearm
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atebrachial
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back of head
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occipital
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buttocks
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gluteal
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spine
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vertebral
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chest
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thoracic
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Which cavity is the back closed cavity that contains the brain (cranial) and spinal (spinal) cord?
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dorsal
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Which cavity is the front cosed cavity containing most of the organs?
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ventral
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Which specific cavity contains the heart?
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pericardium
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Which ventral cavity is above the diaphragm?
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thoracic
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Which ventral cavity is below the diaphragm?
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abdominopelvic
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Which layerof serous membrane lines the cavity?
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parietal
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Which layer of of serous membrane covers the surface organ?
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visceral
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Which serous membrane specifically covers the heart?
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visceral pericardium
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Which serous membrane lines the cavity containing the heart
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parietal pericardium
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Which serous membrane covers the lungs?
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visceral pleural
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Which serous membrane line the cavity containing the lungs?
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parietal pleura
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Which serous membrane covers the surface of the abdominal organs
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visceral peritoneum
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Which serous membrane lines the cavity containing the abdominal organs?
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parietal pericardium
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What are the symptoms of inflames serous membrane?
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pain and friction
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Inflammation of the serous membranes of the lungs is called
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pleurisy
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Inflammation of the serous membranes of the abdomen is called
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peritonitis
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Name some other smaller body cavities.
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sinuses, ear, synovial fluid, cavities of joints, oral, digestive, nasal, and orbital
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The sudy of cells is called
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cytology
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The basic units of life are called
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cells
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The structural and functional units of life are called
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cells
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Describe some ways in which human body cells are different
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shape, size, nucleus or nonnucleus, cilia or flagella, or no method of movement
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What is the name of the thick fluid inside the cell between the membrane and the nucleus
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cytoplasm
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What term refers to the little organs insides the cell
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organelles
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Which cellular structure is the cell powerhouse where energy is made during cellular respiration
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mitochondria
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Which cellular structure is the site of protein synthesis?
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ribosomes
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Which cellular structures are storage sacs?
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vacuoles
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Which cellular structure is the control center of the cell, directs cell activities, is in charge of cellular respiration, and contains the genetic material?
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nucleus
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Which cellular structure is the are inside the nucleus that assembles ribosomes?
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nucleolus
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What term refers to the network of rods that contribue to the shape of the cell, movement of the cell, and the movement of the cell parts similar tothe way our musces, bones and ligments work?
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cytoskeleton
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Which cytoskeletal components are hollow tubes that help to maintain the cell's shape?
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microtubules
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Which cytoskeletal components help to move the chromosomes during cell division
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centrioles
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Which cytoskeletal components are the thin strands for movement and shape?
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microfilaments
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What term refers to the hair-like structures of the cell that are used for movement?
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cilia
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What term refers to the whip-like, tail structures of the cel that are used for movment
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flagella
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What is the name of the model of the cell or plasma membrane?
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fluid mosaic
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List some components of the plasma membrane.
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phospholipids, proteins cholesterol, glycoproteins, glycolipids
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What is the name of the fatty molecules that make up the ipid bilayer of the cell membrane?
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phospholipids
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Which part of the phospholipids fears water and makes up the middle of the bilayer hydrophobic tail
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hydrophobic tails
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Which part of the phospholipids like water and face the outside and the inside of the cell
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hydrophillic heads
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some functions of the cel membrane proteins?
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transport, reception, recognition, enzymes
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large molecules in the lipid bilayer?
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proteins
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proteins on the internal and external surfaces of the cell membrane?
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peripheral proteins
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proteins penetrate the cell membrane completely
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integral proteins
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cell membrane component increases fluidity of the cell membrane and is found scattered throughout the lipid bilayer
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microvilli
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What term refers to the cel membrane components made up of phospholipids with sugars attached?
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glycolipids
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cell membrane components made up of proteins with sugars attached
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glycoproteins
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functions of glycolipids and glycoproteins?
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recongnition
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minute, fingerlike projections of the cell membrane that help increase the surfae area of the cell
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microvilli
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Which cellular junctionsconsist of proteins betwenn the cells that interlock and prevent materials from passing in between cells
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tight junctions
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cellular junctions that consist of fibers connecting adjacent cells
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desmosomes
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cellular junctions allow small molecuels to pass between the cells for communication
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ion channels/ gap junctions
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functions of the plasma membrane?
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boundary, comunication, transport, maintaining resting membrane potential
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is the inside of a resting cell membrane positive or negative
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negative
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membrane transport process that requires energy
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active
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membrane transport process that do not require energy
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passive
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four passive membrane transport processes
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simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, filtration
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membrane transport process that involves the movement of materials from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
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simple diffusion
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list some factors that would affect the rate of diffusion
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size of particles, temperature, stirring, difference in concentration
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cellular junctions allow small molecuels to pass between the cells for communication
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ion channels/ gap junctions
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do smaller particles diffuese faster or slower than large particles?
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faster
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functions of the plasma membrane?
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boundary, comunication, transport, maintaining resting membrane potential
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do particle diffuse faster in warm or cold water
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warm
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is the inside of a resting cell membrane positive or negative
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negative
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membrane transport process that requires energy
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active
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membrane transport process that do not require energy
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passive
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four passive membrane transport processes
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simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, filtration
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membrane transport process that involves the movement of materials from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
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simple diffusion
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list some factors that would affect the rate of diffusion
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size of particles, temperature, stirring, difference in concentration
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do smaller particles diffuese faster or slower than large particles?
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faster
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do particle diffuse faster in warm or cold water
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warm
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