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99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A thoracic surgeon would most likely use a ____ approach to anatomy whereas the approach used in this class is primarily ____.
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E. Regional, Systematic
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Which of the following lists best illustrates the idea of increasing levels of organization (ie small to large and more complex)
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C. Chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
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The single layer of flat cells of the lungs allow for good gas exchange, the sliding cells in the bladder allow for stretching, and the multilayered skin cells give good protection. These are examples of the _____ structure and function.
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C. Complementarity
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The ovaries and testes belong to these two systems.
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C. endocrine and reproductive
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Which noninvasive technique is used when a doctor taps on your chest?
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B. percussion
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This system transports and filters lymph.
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C. lymphatic
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What is the prefix that means 1/1000?
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B. milli
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Which type of microscope has been especially useful for viewing the organelles inside of a cell?
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B. transmission electron microscope
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The characteristic of life that occurs during growth and development in which unspecialized cells (for example, those in an early embryo) change into specialized cells such as nerve or bone cells is called.
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B. differentiation
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Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding negative feedback?
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C. is important for maintaining homeostasis in the body
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Your body temperature normally remains in a certain range and so does your blood sugar. This ability of the body to maintain relatively stable internal conditions, within limits, is called___.
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D. Homeostasis
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In anatomical position, your palms are on your ______ body surface.
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A. ventral
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The wrist is ___ to the fingers.
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B. proximal
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What type of section might not show the intestines?
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C. transverse
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This term means "on the same side of the body."
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C. ipsilateraal
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Our cadaver Edith is lying on her dorsal surface and is said to be ____.
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B. supine
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A nurse wants to stick a needle in your gluteal region. What should you do?
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B. Drop your shorts.
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Its walls are muscular and the lack of bony protection makes organs in this cavity especially vulnerable to injury.
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E. abdominal
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If you are resting your calcaneal region on the table, then you have your ___ on the table.
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C. heels
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Which one of these regions is directly superior to the umbilical region?
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E. epigastric
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A pain in the upper right quadrant is most likely due to ___.
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A. gallstones
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Organs found within the mediastinum include the ___.
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C. thymus, esophagus and trachea
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The terms right and left always refer to those sides belonging to the person or cadaver being viewed.
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True
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The serous membrane that covers the external surface of the lungs is called the ___.
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C. visceral pleura
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The current model of the plasma membrane is called the ___.
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C. fluid mosaic model
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Which of these statements is FALSE?
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E. the average human adult contains about 75 billion cells
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Which statements is FALSE?
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D. The glycocalyx faces the intracellular fluid side of the cell membrane.
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The energy for passive transport processes comes from ___ and the energy for active processes comes from ___.
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A. kinetic energy of the particles involved, ATP
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The movement of molecules through a membrane from regions of higher pressure to regions of lower pressure
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C. filtration
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The movement of water following its concentration gradient through a selectively permeable membrane.
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D. osmosis
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The movement of particles from a region of higher concentration toward a region of lower concentration. There ma or may not be a membrane involved. No carrier is involved.
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A. simple diffusion
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The passive transport of lipid-isoluble molecules across the membrane using carrier proteins
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B. facilitated diffusion
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A very common type of endocytosis in which the cell membrane invaginates to take a "drink" of the extracellular fluid.
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B. pinocytosis
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Used primarily by some white blood cells to engulf fairly large or solid particles to bring them into the cell; "cell eating"
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C. phagocytosis
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A highly selective process in which cells take up specific molecules or particles after they bind to specific protein receptors in the plasma membrane.
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E. receptor-mediated endocytosis
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Requires a protein carrier and ATP often to move against the concentration (or electrical) gradient. Often the movement of two types of ions, etc. are coupled (for example, sodium and potassium ions)
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A. ion (solute) pumps
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Which of the following does NOT increase the rate of diffusion?
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D. smaller gradient
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Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A. All cells have one nucleus at the most. B. The nucleus contains the genetic material that controls the cells activities. |
A. All cells have one nucleus at the most.
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Which statement is FALSE or are they all true? The nuclear membrane ___
A. is a double membrane E. is continuous with the smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
E. is continuous with the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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Which of the following statements about nucleoli is FALSE?
A. Nucleoli are one or more densely staining bodies in the nucleus. D. Nucleoli have a double membrane surrounding them. |
D. Nucleoli have a double membrane surrounding them.
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The so-called "traffic director" for proteins. These stacks of flattened sacs that look like pita bread are found near the nucleus. They modify proteins and package them in vesicles for transport.
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D. Nucleoli have a double membrane surrounding them.
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You cut your skin and pour hydrogen peroxide over the area. It bubbles vigorously where it comes in contact with the wound. Since you can expect that cells were ruptured in the injured area, which organelle was responsible for the metabolism of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen?
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E. peroxisomes
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Hydrogen cyanide interferes with the respiratory enzymes located on the cristae within the mitochondria. As a result, one would expect that the ___.
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C. energy output would be sharply reduced
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Antibiotics such as streptomycin, neomycin and viomycin are thought to associate irrexersibly with the ribosomes in bacteria and thus destroy their normal functioning . In other words, these antibiotics destroy bacteria by directly ___.
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D. preventing the synthesis of proteins
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If an examination of a sample of glandular cells reveals an extensive network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which of the following would be a possible product of these cells?
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C. steroids (i.e. lipid) based hormones
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A number of genetic diseases such as Tay-Aachs disease interfere with lysosomal enzyme production. As a result, one would expect:
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C. a buildup of materials normally removed and recycled
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Imagine that a new chemotherapeutic agent has been discovered that disrupts microtubules in cancerous cells but leaves normal cells unaffected. What effectswould this agent have on cancer cells? They could no longer____.
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C. undergo cell division
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These are found in centrioles, basal bodies, cilia, flagella and the mitotic spindle.
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C. microtubules
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The nuclear membrane and nucleolus (or nucleoli) disappear.
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C. prophase
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The sister chromatids seperate to become chromosomes.
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D. anaphase
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During mitotic cell dividion, the daughter cells should be___.
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A. genetically identical to the mother cell
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a malignant tumor (cancer)?
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D. It tends to become increasingly differentiated
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Some of the promising new drugs being developed to treat cancer are the antiangiogenesis drugs. Used in combination, these drugs have totally destroyed cancers in mice. They function by __.
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C. blocking the blood supply to the cancer cells
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What is the effect of the shortening of the telomeres with each cell division?
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C. It limits the number of cell divisions.
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The most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body.
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B. connective tissue
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A simple epithelium in which the nuclei of the elongated cells are at different levels and not all the cells reach the surface
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D. pseudostratified columnar epithelium
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Carries on secretion or absorption in the kidneys, intestines, and various glands.
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B. simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium
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A single layer of thin, flat cells found where there is a need for fast diffusion (such as in the lung air sacs or capillary walls)
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A. simple squamous epithelium
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A multi-layered, protective tissue in which the outer layers are flat and thin, and the basal layer are columnar such as in the skin and upper digestive tract.
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E. statified squamous epithelium
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Epithelial tissue whose apical cells appear cuboidal when the organ is relaxed and flattened when the organ is distended by fluid such as in the bladder.
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D. transitional
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Which of the following is FALSE regarding the basement membrane? The basement membrane ___.
B. acts as a selective filter E. is highly cellular |
E. is highly cellular
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These are not cell junctions. They are important for increasing the surface area of the cell membrane
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D. microvilli
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These are important in synchronizing electrical activity between the cells such as in the small intestine
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C. communicating (gap) junctions
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Impermeable junctions that help prevent leakage between the cells such as in the small intestine
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A. tight junctions
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Kartagener's syndrome is a type of immotile cilia syndrome. As a result, people with this syndrome may have all the following symptoms EXCEPT:
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D. increased chance of colon cancer
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Most exocrine glands in the human body secret by this mode
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A. merocrine secretion
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These "white fibers" are the most abundant of the fibers. They are fibrous, tough, and resistant to pulling forces. They are often found in bundles
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C. collagenous fibers
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The extracellular matrix is made of
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C. ground substance and fibers
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These cells are derived from white blood cells and engulf large amounts of foreign and dead materials.
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A. macrophages
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Large, flat, spindle-shaped cells with branching processes; they secrete the molecules that form the matrix.
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C. fibroblasts
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These cells are common along blood vessels and secrete histamine that dilates the blood vessels during inflammation
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B. mast cells
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A viscous, slippery substance that binds cells together, lubricates joints and helps maintain the shape of the eyeballs
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D. elastin
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An embryonic conncective tissue found almost exclusively in the embryo and the tissue from which all other connective tissues eventually arise:
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A. mucous connective tissue (Wharton's jelly)
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Epithelial membranes are composed of ___.
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A. epithelium only
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These membranes line body cavities that are NOT open to the outside of the body and cover organs that lie within the cavities.
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B. serous membranes
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This loose connective tissue has a "signet ring" appearance. It serves as a major energy reserve, insulator and support ans protection for various organs.
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B. adipose
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A loose connective tissue that acts as an internal supporting framework, stroma, in soft organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes.
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C. reticular
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It is found in the dermis of the skin. Its collagen fibers run in different directions in order to resist pullin forces that are in different directions
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E. dense irregular
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This connective tissue has gap junctions between its cells
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B. bone
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This is commonly called "gristle" It preceds the body skeleton in most places in the body and forms much of the nasal septum..
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C. hyaline cartilage
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Which of theses connective tissues has or have lacunae?
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C. cartilage and bone
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This muscle has NO striations:
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C. smooth only
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Which is NOT a function of the integumentary system?
D. excretion of excess water E. sensory reception |
D. excretion of excess water
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This layer of the skin consists of areolar connective tissue with fine elastic fibers
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B. papillary layer of dermis
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The hair, nails and glands derive from this during development
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A. epidermis
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The deepest and thickest layer of the skin; the "hide"
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C. reticular layer of dermis
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Also known as the superficial fascia or subcutaneous layer.
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D. hypodermis
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These cells form a pigment that helps protect the cells DNA from ultraviolet light and gives the skin its yellow to black color and hair its color.
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B. melanocytes
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These numerous cells produce a waterproofing, toughening protein for the skin.
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c. keratinocytes
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A piece of glass would pierce the epidermal layers of the sole of the foot in which order?
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D. corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
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This layer is where keratinization begins
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A. stratum granulosum
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This layer is only one cell layer thick but cells are actively dividing here
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B. stratum basale
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It consists of 25 to 30 rows of flat, dead keratinocytes
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C.stratum corneum
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Which of these statements concerning hair is TRUE?
B. the hair root resides in the epidermis D. contraction of the arrector pili mucle makes the hair stand on end and gives the skin "goose bumps" |
D. contraction of the arrector pili mucle makes the hair stand on end and gives the skin "goose bumps"
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Which clinical condition below is incorrectly described?
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C. erythema: a red color of the skin due to an increased blood flow to the epidermis
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Which of these statements is FALSE?
A. Blisters are due to a separation of the dermal and hypodermal layers of the skin B. "stretch marks" are due to tears in the dermis of the skin |
A. Blisters are due to a separation of the dermal and hypodermal layers of the skin
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Which of these statements is FALSE?
B. Mammary glands are modified oil glands that produce milk C. Eccrine glands secrete a watery sweat that helps cool the body |
B. Mammary glands are modified oil glands that produce milk
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Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding third degree burns?
B. they require skin grafting C. they are very painful |
C. they are very painful
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Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
A. adrenoleukodystrophy: missing a protein for moving an enzyme into the lysosome B. cystic fibrosis: faulty routing of a chloride pump protein |
A. adrenoleukodystrophy: missing a protein for moving an enzyme into the lysosome
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