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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
plasm/o, plasm-, -plasm
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the living substance of a cell; blood plasma
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cytoplasm
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the substance of a cell, exclusive of the nucleus
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plasmolysis
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shrinking of cytoplasm in a living cell caused by loss of water by osmosis
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chrom/o, chromat/o
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color
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chromosome
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thread-like structures in the nucleus that contain genes; forms a darkly-staining body during cell division
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hypochromia
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condition in which the percentage of hemoglobin in the red blood cells is below the normal range
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hyper-
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above normal, beyond, excessive
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hypertrophy
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increase in the size of a tissue or organ due to growth rather than tumer formation; increase in size results from an increase in cellular components (such as proteins), NOT from an increase in cell number
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-ase
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denotes an enzyme
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cholinesterase
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a family of enzymes capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of acycholines (e.g. acetylcholinesterase)
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lipase
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an enzyme capapble of catalyzing the hydrolysis of lipids
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reticul/o
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network
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reticulocyte
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an immature red blood cell with a network of precipitated basophilic material in the cytoplasm
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reticulum
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a network of tubules or blood vessels (e.g. endoplasmic reticulum)
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corpus, corpor/o, corpus-
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body
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extracorporeal
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outside the body
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corpus
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the principle part of any organ; any mass or body
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corpuscle
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1. any small rounded body
2. an encapsulated sensory nerve ending |
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hydr/o
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water
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hydrocephalus
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condition marked by excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the vetricles of the brain; somethimes the accumulated fluid leads to increased intracranial pressure
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lip/o
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fat or lipid
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hyperlipemia
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the presence of an abnormally high concentration of fats in the blood; also hyperlipidemia
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poly-
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many
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polychromatophilic
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pertaining to the property of staining readily with acid, neutral, and basic dyes, especially certain red blood cells
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polyphagia
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excessive eating, in multiple sittings
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-lytic
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pertaining to that which causes lysis or to the process of lysis
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hemolytic
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relating to that which is destructive to red blood cells
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thrombolytic
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describing an agent that breaks up blood clots
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erythr/o
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red
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erythrocyte
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a red blood cell
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-plasia
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process of cellular multiplication, formation
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hyperplasia
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the increased production and growth of normal cells (not tumor cells) in a tissue or organ, resulting in an abnormal increase in size of the tissue or organ (e.g. increase in breast size during pregnancy)
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phag/o, -phagy, -phagia, -phage
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eating, devouring
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phagocytosis
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the process of ingestion and digestion of solid substances (e.g. bacteria or particulate matter) by cells
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hyperphagia
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overeating, in a single sitting
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-emia, -cemia
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blood
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anemia
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any condition in which the red cell count, hemoglobin level, and/or hematocrit are less than normal
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-plasty
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process of shaping, or the surgical formation of a structure or part
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chondroplasty
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reparative or plastic surgery of cartilage
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rhinoplasty
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plastic surgery to change the shape or size of the nose
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-lysis
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process of breaking down, decomposing, or loosening
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hemolysis
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destruction of red blood cells with liberation of hemoglobin into the surrounding medium
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ton/o
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tone, tension
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atony
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relaxation, flaccidity, or lack of tone or tension
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-cle, -ule, -ole, -cule
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diminutive, small in size
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corpuscle
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a small rounded body, esp. a blood cell
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venule
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a tiny vein that drains blood from capillaries
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arteriole
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a tiny artery that takes blood into capillaries
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leuk/o, leuc/o
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white
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leukocyte
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a white blood cell
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leukoderma
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an absence, either partial or total, or pigment in the skin
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-trophy
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nourishment, development, growth
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atrophy
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wasting away of a normally developed organ or tissue due to degeneration of cells caused by undernourishment, lack of use, or aging
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hypo-
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below normal, under, deficient, beneath
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hypotonic
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1. describes a solution having a lower osmotic pressure than another solution
2. state of muscle having less tension than normal |
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hypoxia
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an oxygen deficiency, short of anoxia; decrease below normal levels of O2 in inspired air
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iso-
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equal
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isotonic
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1. describes a solution having the same osmotic pressure as another solution
2. having equal tension 3. type of muscular contraction in which shortening occurs while tension remains unchanged |
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oxy-, ox/i
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sharp, acid, acute, or oxygen
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anoxia
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absence of oxygen from inspired gases, arterial blood, or tissues; often used incorrectly to indicate hypoxia
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oxidation
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1. process of combining oxygen with a substance
2. loss of electrons in an atom, accompanied by increase in postive valance |
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gluc/o
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glucose
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glucogenic
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giving rise to or producing glucose
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glucometer
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a device used to measure levels of glucose in the blood, usually sampled by sticking the finger
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mono-
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single, one, alone
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monocyte
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a type of white blood cell that is relatively large and contains a single oval-shaped nucleus; also called a mononuclear leukocyte
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monoclonal
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arising from a single cell
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hem/o, hemat/o
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blood
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hematology
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the study of blood and blood-forming tissues, and the disorders associated with them
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dys-
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difficult, painful, bad
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dysphagia
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condition in which swallowing is difficult or painful
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dysplasia
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condition of abnormal tissue development
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a-, an-
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without, lack, no
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acardia
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congenital absence of the heart
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apnea
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temporary cessation of breathing
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anosmia
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a loss of the sense of smell
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anoxemia
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insufficient oxygenation of the arterial blood
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som/a, somat/o, -some
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body
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somatic
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relating to the trunk, the wall or the body cavity, or to the body in general
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lysosome
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membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle which contains lydrolytic enzymes
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glyc/o
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sweet, sugars in general
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glycolipid
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a lipid containing a sugar molecule found in the myelin sheath of nerves
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glycolysis
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the energy-yielding conversion of glucose to 2 pyruvic acid molecules in cells
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