Anatomy---Stomach And Instestines

Front 1

stomach structures

Back 1

cardia around lower esophageal sphincter, fundus, body, pylorus, lesser curvature, greater curvature, rugae, gastric glands, muscularis, pyloric valve

Front 2

stomach body

Back 2

main portion of the stomach

Front 3

lesser curvature

Back 3

concave curvature in the stomach

Front 4

greater curvature

Back 4

convex curvature in the stomach

Front 5

rugae

Back 5

internally seen folds in mucosa with gastric pits

Front 6

chief cells

Back 6

zymogenic or petic cells that secrete pepsinogen

Front 7

parietal cells

Back 7

secrete HCl and intrinsic factor

Front 8

mucus cells

Back 8

secrete mucus which protects mucosa

Front 9

enteroendocrine cells

Back 9

Argentaffin cells, generate gastrin

Front 10

gastrin

Back 10

hormone secreted by enteroendocrine cells

Front 11

muscularis

Back 11

three layers, outer longitudinal, middle circular, inner oblique

Front 12

pyloric valve

Back 12

acidic chyme moves trhough into duodenum

Front 13

small intestine

Back 13

begins at pyloric valve tri-segmented, (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)

Front 14

duodenum

Back 14

first segment of small intestine, about 10" long

Front 15

jejunum

Back 15

second segment of small intestine, about 8' long

Front 16

ileum

Back 16

not the ilium of the hip, about 12' long, third portion of small instestine

Front 17

small intestine modifications

Back 17

long length, plicae circulares, villi, microvilli, intestinal glands, lymphoid nodules

Front 18

plicae circulares

Back 18

deep circular fold in mucosa and submucosa of small intestine

Front 19

villi

Back 19

projections on plicae that make mucosa look like velvet

Front 20

microvilli

Back 20

modifications of plasma membrane of absorptive cells

Front 21

intestinal juice

Back 21

secreted by intestinal glands (crypts and pits in the intestinal mucosa) contains carbohydrases, peptidases, intestinal lipase, nucleosidases and phosphatases

Front 22

submucosal glands

Back 22

or duodenal or Brunner's glands, secrete alkaline mucus to help neutralize acidic chyme

Front 23

ileocecal valve

Back 23

route by which ileum empties into the large intestine

Front 24

pancreas

Back 24

located in curve of duodenum, secretes pancreatic juices (sodium bicarbonate), pancreatic ducts which unites with common bile duct from hepatopancreatic ampulla

Front 25

pancreatic juice composition

Back 25

pancreatic amylase, proteases, pancreatic lipase, ribo and deoxyribonucleae

Front 26

Peyer's Patches

Back 26

aggregate lymphoid nodules

Front 27

major duodenal papilla

Back 27

termination of pancreatic ducts

Front 28

accesory ducts

Back 28

of pancreas, end at minor duodenal papilla

Front 29

liver

Back 29

one of the largest organs, 3 pounds in adults, located just under diaphragm, bilobed, right and left

Front 30

falciform ligament

Back 30

ligament that separates right and left lobes of liver

Front 31

ligamentum teres

Back 31

round ligament in free border of liver

Front 32

liver blood supply

Back 32

receives double amount, hepatic artery proper with oxygen, and hepatic portal vein without oxygen with nutrients

Front 33

internal anatomy of the liver

Back 33

bile capillaries (canaliculi) dump bile into bile ductules which dump into bile ducts which dump into right and left hepatic ducts which join to form the common hepatic duct which joins the cystic duct of the gall bladder

Front 34

common bile duct

Back 34

formed by the common hepatic duct and cystic duct which dumps into hepatopancreatic ampulla which empties into the lumen of the duodenum

Front 35

gallbladder

Back 35

sac attached to underside of the liver, empties into cystic duct, functions as to store and concentrate bile

Front 36

large intestine

Back 36

2.5" in diameter about 5' long, here fluid is absorbed and feces results, glands domintated by goblet cells, taenia coli, epiploic appendages, quadraregional

Front 37

taenia coli

Back 37

bands in outer longitudinal layer of tunica muscularis, shorter than intestine, cause puckering effect, haustra/sacculations are formed

Front 38

epiploic appendages

Back 38

fat filled tags of peritoneum

Front 39

cecum

Back 39

first area of the LI, blind pouch with vermiform appendix

Front 40

colon

Back 40

ascending, tranverse, descending and sigmoid

Front 41

rectum

Back 41

last 8" urge to defecate sensed when full, comprised of anorectal canal and rectal columns

Front 42

anal canl with anal columns

Back 42

fourth and final part of the LI, surrounded by two sphincters, internal of smooth muscle, external of skeletal muscle