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112 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Bones of the shoulder
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lateral clavicle
scapula prox. humerus |
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acts as a strut holding the upper limb from the trunk to allow for max freedom of motion
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clavicle
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acticuluates with the lateral clavicle
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scapula
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Characterized by a lateral spine and a promiment projection (point of the shoulder) called the acromion
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scapula
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medial to the acromion, inferior and between the two processes is the shallow glenoid fossa for articulation with the are
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coracoid process
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defined as the part of the upper limb between the shoulder and elbow
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arm
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is the only bone of the arm and is characterized proximally by a rounded head
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humerus
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close to the head of the humerus are two prominences
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greater & lesser tubercles
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Greater & lesser tubercles are separated by the
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intertubercular groove (sulcus)
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Distal end of the humerus has two adjoining prominences the
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capitulum laterally
trochlea medially |
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attached to the humerus are two ___________which extend from the brachial fascia, divide the arm into ant/post
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intermuscular septa
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connection of the humerus to the scapula is a ball and socket type of synovial joint
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shoulder (glenohumeral jt.)
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head of the humerus articulates with the shallow gleniod fossa of the scapula, slightly deepened by fibrocartilaginous rim ___.
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glenoid labrum
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Name the rotator cuff muscles
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supraspinatus, infraspinatus, tres minor, subscapularis
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The rotator cuff muscles work to hold the _____ in the glenoid fossa
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humeral head
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Name the ligaments that prodive stability to the shoulder joint
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acromioclavicular, coracoacromial, coracoclavicular (two parts: conoid & trapezoid) ligaments
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resists separation of the scapula from the clavicle
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acromioclavicular
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prevents upward displacement of the humeral head
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coracromial ligament
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resists the upward movement of the clavicle from the coracoid process
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coracoclavicular (two parts: conoid & trapezoid)
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muscles of the shoulder jt. are classified as the shoulder
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connectors of the upper limb to the vertebral column, throacic wall or intrinsic muscles of
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Muscles of the shoulder jt that connect upper limb to the vertebral column
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Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomoboid major/minor
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origin from the superior nuchal line, inion ligamentum nuchae (unites spinous process) spinous process of thoracic
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trapezius
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Insertion of the trapezius
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lateral third of the clavicle acromion, scapular spine
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Action of the trapezius
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elevates, retracts, rotates scapula
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Trapezius nerve innervation
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accessory nerver (cranial nerve XI)
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originates from the throacodorsal fascia and iliac crests
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latissimus dorsi
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Insertion of the latissimus dorsi
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floor of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
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action of the latissimus dorsi
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extends, adducts, medial rotation of the arm
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Latissimus dorsi and teres major form
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the posterior axillary fold
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Nerve innervation of the latisimuss dorsi
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thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8)
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Originating from cervical transverse process
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Levator scapulae
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Insertion of levator scapulae
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superior medial border of the scapula
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Action of levator scapulae
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elevates scapula
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Nerve innervation of levator scapulae
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C3 & C4 and dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
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orgin, primarily from ligamentum nuchae
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rhomboid minor
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rhomboid minor insertion
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medial border of the scapula at the spine
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origin spinous process of the upper thoracic vertebrae
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rhomboid major
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rhomboid major insertion
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medial border inferior to the spine of the scapula
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Action of rhomboid major & minor
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retract the scapula
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Nerve innervation of the Rhomboids
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Dorsal scapular nerve
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Intrinsic muscles of the shoulder
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Deltoid, Teres major, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis
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Origin lateral third of the clavicle, acromion scapular spine
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deltoid
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insertion of the Deltoid
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Humerus
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Action of the deltoid
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abduction of the arm, anterior fibers flex & medially rotate arm, posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate the arm
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Nerve innervation of the Deltiod
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Ancillary nerve (C5,6)
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orgin inferior angle of the scapula
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teres major
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Insertion of teres major
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medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus
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Action of teres major
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adducts, medially rotates the arm (combines with lat to form post axillary fold)
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Nerve innervation of teres major
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lower subscapular nerve (C5,6)
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Orgin from supraspinatus fossa of the scapula
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Supraspinatus
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Insertion of the supraspinatus
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greater tubercle of the humerus
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Action of the Supraspinatus
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Abduction and helps the deltoid in this action
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Nerve innervation of Supraspinatus
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Suprascapular nerve (C5,6)
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Origin infraspinatus fossa of the scapula
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Infraspinatus
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Insertion of infraspinatus
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greater tubercle of the humerus
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Action of the infraspinatus
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laterally rotates arm
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Nerve innervation of infraspinatus
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Suprascapular nerve (C5,6)
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Origin from the lateral border of the scapula
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teres minor
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Insertion of teres minor
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greater tubercle of the humerus
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Action of the teres minor
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latterally rotates arm
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Nerve innervation of teres minor
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axillary nerve (C5,6)
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Origin from the subscapular fossa of the scapula
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subscapularis
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Insertion of subscapularis
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lesser tubercle of the humerus
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Action of subscapularis
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medially rotates the arm
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Nerve of subscapularis
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upper & lower subscapular nveres (both C5,6)
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Nerves that supply sensory innervation to the shoulder
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supraclavicular nerves from the cervical plexus (supply skin over acromium and upper part of delt)
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Motor nerves of the shoulder
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Brachial plexus supplies; dorsal scapular, long thoracic, suprascapular, upper subscapular, thoracodorsal, lower subscapular, & axillary
Accessory provides to trap and branches C3, C4 supply levator scapulae |
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Arteries supplying the shoulder
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Transverse cervical, suprascapular areteries (branches of subclavian)
Dorsal Scapular, Thoracromial, lateral thoracic, subscapular, thoracodorsal, circumflex scapular, posterior circumflex humeral, anterior circumflex humeral |
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deep branch of the transverse cervical artery runs with the dorsal scapular nerve to the rhomboid
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Dorsal scapular artery
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gives rise to acromial and deltoid branches
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thoracoacromial artery
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accompanies the long thoracic nerve
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lateral thoracic artery
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Subscapular artery branches into
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thoracodorsal and circumflex scapular arteries (runs with the thoracodorsal nerve, circ curves around the lateral border scapula to enter infraspinatous fossa
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passes the axillary nerve through the quadrangular space
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posterior circumflex humeral artery (anastamose w/ ant. circ humeral art)
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defined by teres minor/major, long head of triceps brachii and humerus
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quadrangular space
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Anterior compartment of the arm contains 3 muscles innervated by
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musculocutaneous nerve (C5-7)
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Other structues passing through the anterior compartment of the arm
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median, ulnar nerves, brachial artery/vein, basilic vein, radial nerve in the lower part
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Muscles of the anterior compartment
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Biceps brachii (long/short head)
Brachialis Coracobrachialis |
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Long head of the Biceps brachii arises from
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supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
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Short head arises from the
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coracoid process of the scapula
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The tendon of the short head orginates from the radial tuberosity and the fascia of the forearm via
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bicipital aponeurosis
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Arises from the coracoid process and inserts on the humerus, flexes, adducts the arm at the shoulder jt.
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Coracobrachialis
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passes from the distal half of the humerus to the coronoid process of the ulna, prinicple flexor of the forearm
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Brachialis
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Posterior compartment of the arm has two muscles
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Triceps (long, lateral, medial heads)
Anconeus |
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The nerve that innervates muscles of the posterior arm
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radial nerve (C5-8, T1)
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Artery and other nerves passing through posterior
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Profunda brachii artery and ulna nerve (distal elbow jt)
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arises from the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
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long head of triceps
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arise from humerus
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lateral & medial heads of triceps
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Triceps tendon inserts into the
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olecranon process of the elbow
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Action of the tricep
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extensor of the forearm, aids in extension & adduction of the arm
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arises from humerus, inserts on the ulna, assits triceps in extension of forearm
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Aconeus
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Five nerves supply cutaneous innervation to the arm
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radial nerve, inferior lateral brachial, posterior brachial, medial brachial cutaneous, and intercostobrachial nerve
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Radial nerve branches into
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inferior lateral brachial, posterior brachial,
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inferior lateral brachial, posterior brachial, supply the
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inferior lateral and posterior skin of the arm
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aries from the spinal cord of the brachial plexus
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medial brachial cutaneous
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supplies skin over the medial surface of the arm
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intercostobrachial nerve
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Four motor nerves in the arm
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median, musculocutaneous, ulnar and radial
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lateral to the brachial artery until midarm, then crosses to the medial side, has no branches in the arm
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median nerve
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nerve pierces the coracobrachialis muscle supplies the flexors of the anterior compartment continues to the forearm as lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve
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musculocutaneous
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Descends medially to the brachial artery then passes with the superior ulnar collateral artery posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus (no branches)
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Ulnar nerve
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enters the arm posterior to the brachial artery and then passes with the profunda brachii artery around humerus in the radial groove
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Radial nerve
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Continuation of the axillary artery and begins at the inferior border of teres major.
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Brachial artery
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Brachial artery branches into
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profunda brachii artery, superior and inferior ulnar collateral arteries (circulation of the elbow)
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Brachial artery divides
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radial and ulna arteries in the cubital fossa
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A hinge type jt of synovial jt that allows only flexion adn extension
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elbow jt.
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Elbow jt consists of
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humeroulnar jt (trochlea to the trochlear notch of the ulna) humeroradial (capitulum to head of radius) & prox radioulnar (permits rotation of radius over the ulna)
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Ligaments of the elbow jt
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radial, ulnar collateral, and anular ligaments
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thickenings of the fibrous capsule
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radial, ulnar collateral,
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encircles head of the radius and holds into position
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anular ligament
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Triangular area on the anterior aspect of the elbow, bound superior by imaginary line connecting epicondyles of the humerus, medially by pronator teres, lateral by brachioradialis
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cubital fossa
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the roof of the Cubital fossa is formed by
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brachial fascia
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the floor of the Cubital fossa is formed by
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brachialis and supinator muscles.
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Cubital fossa contains what structures
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median nerve, brachial artery, biceps tendon, radial nerve, median cubital vein (crosses roof obliquely)
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