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161 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are dermatomes?
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- supplied by afferent fibers that represent a single spinal segment/nerve
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The C4 dermatome innervates?
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- the shoulder
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The C5 dermatome innervates?
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- lateral/radial side of arm
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The C6 dermatome innervates?
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- lateral radial side of forearm (including thumb)
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The C7 dermatome innervates?
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- middle three fingers and central palm
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The C8 dermatome innervates?
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- medial/ulnar side of the hand and forearm
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The T1 dermatome innervates?
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- medial/ulnar side of forearm and arm
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The T2 dermatome innervates?
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- ulnar side of arm and axillary floor (medial upper arm)
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What 2 nerves innervate the medial side of the upper limb?
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- Medial brachial cutaneous nerve
- medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve |
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What 3 nerves innervate the lateral side of the upper limb?
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- upper lateral cutaneous (off axillary)
- lower lateral cutaneous (off radial) - lateral antebrachial cutaneous (continuation musculocutaneous) |
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What 2 nerves innervate the dorsal side of the upper limb?
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- posterior cutaneous (off radial nerve)
- dorsal cutaneous nerve (off radial nerve) |
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Where do the superficial arms veins derive from?
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- venous arch of the dorsum of the hand
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Where does the cephalic vein travel?
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- begins lateral/radial side off the venous arch
- ascends to the forearm at the antero-lateral aspect of the elbow - terminates when it joins the axillary vein |
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Where does the basilic vein travel?
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- begins medial/ulnar side off the venous arch
- ascends to antero-medial side at elbow - joins brachial vein(s) and forms the axillary vein |
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Where is the median cubital vein formed?
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- front of th eelbow
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What does the median cubital vein connect?
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- cephalic to basilic
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What is the name of the nodes that filter all the lymph from the upper limbs?
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- axillary nodes
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What is the medial joint the clavicle participates in?
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- sternoclavicular joint
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What is the lateral joint the clavicle participates in?
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- acromioclavicular
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What are the 2 surfaces of the scapula?
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- body has a dorsal and costal/ventral surface
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What are the 3 borders of the scapula?
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- vertebral
- axillary/lateral - superior |
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What does the superior border of the scapula have and what is seen in this?
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- scapular notch
- suprascapular artery which is over the suprascapular nerve |
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What are the 3 angles of the scapula?
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- superior
- inferior - lateral |
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What is the name of the fossa on the lateral angle of the scaupla?
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- glenoid fossa which is in the glenoid cavity (head of humerus)
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What are the three fossae of the scapula that attach muscles with similar names?
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- supraspinous
- infraspinous - subscapular |
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Where is the coracoid process of the scapula?
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- superior border between scapular notch and glenoid fossa
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What muscle inserts at the coracoid process?
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- pectoral minor
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What is the medial joint the clavicle participates in?
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- sternoclavicular joint
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What is the lateral joint the clavicle participates in?
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- acromioclavicular
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What are the 2 surfaces of the scapula?
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- body has a dorsal and costal/ventral surface
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What are the 3 borders of the scapula?
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- vertebral
- axillary/lateral - superior |
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What does the superior border of the scapula have and what is seen in this?
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- scapular notch
- suprascapular artery which is over the suprascapular nerve |
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What are the 3 angles of the scapula?
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- superior
- inferior - lateral |
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What is the name of the fossa on the lateral angle of the scaupla?
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- glenoid fossa which is in the glenoid cavity (head of humerus)
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What are the three fossae of the scapula that attach muscles with similar names?
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- supraspinous
- infraspinous - subscapular |
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Where is the coracoid process of the scapula?
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- superior border between scapular notch and glenoid fossa
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What muscle inserts at the coracoid process?
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- pectoral minor
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Where is the greater tubercle?
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- lateral portion of head of humerus
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Where is the lesser tubercle?
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- more medial portion of head of humerus
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Where is the intertubercular sulcus?
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- between the greater and lesser tubercle
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What is the difference between an anatomical and surgical neck?
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- anatomical: closer to humeral head
- surgical: further from humeral head, most often broken |
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What is the deltoid tuberosity
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- point where deltoid inserts on humerus, bump
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Where is the radial sulcus/groove?
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- about halfway down the humerus on the posterior side
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Where are the lateral and medial epicondyles?
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- lateral: lateral portion of the end of the humerus
- medial: more medial portion of the end of the humerus |
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What are the ridges called associated with lateral and medial epicondyles?
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- medial and lateral supracondhlar ridges
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Where is the radial fossa?
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- end of humerus lateral side
- near lateral epicondyles |
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Where is the coronoid fossa?
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- end of humerus medial side
- near medial epicondyle |
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Where is the capitulum?
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- bump at end of humerus
- just medial to lateral epicondyle |
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Where is the trochlea?
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- bump at the end of humerus
- just medial to the medial epicondyle |
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Where is the olecranon fossae?
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- giant 'hole' on posterior side of end of humerus superior to the medial/lateral epicondyles
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What do the radial and coronoid fossae do?
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- in full flextion prevents compressing the soft tissue
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What does the olecranon fossae do?
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- prevents compression in full extension
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Is the radius on the lateral or medial side?
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- lateral
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What is the radial tuberosity?
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- bump where the bicep inserts
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Is the ulna on the lateral or medial side?
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- medial
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What is the olecranon process on the ulna?
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- for olecranon fossae of humerus
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What is the trochlear notch on the ulna?
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- allows ulna to articulate with the humerus
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What is the coronoid process on the ulna?
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- allows articulation with humerus through coronoid fossae
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What is the ulnar tuberosity for?
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- where the brachialis inserts
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What fascia covers the arm muscles?
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- brachial fascia
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What does the lateral and medial intermuscular septa separate?
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- arm muscles into anterior (flexor muscles) and posterior (extending muscles) compartments
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What can be found within the medial intermuscular septum?
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- brachial vessels
- median nerve - basilic vein - medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve |
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What are the 4 muscles that INSERT on the upper humerus?
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1) pectoralis major
2) deltoid 3) latissimus dorsi 4) teres major |
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Where is the origin of the pectoralis major?
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- WIDE
- medial clavicle - sternum - costal cartilages of ribs - upper rectus sheath |
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Where does the pectoralis major insert?
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- crest of greater tubercle)
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What does the pectoralis major do?
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- adducts arm
- medially rotates |
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What innervates the pectoralis major?
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- medial pectoral nerves
- lateral pectoral nerves |
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What is the origin of teh deltoid?
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- WIDE
- lateral 1/3 of clavicle - lateral acromion - crest of scapula spine |
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Where does the deltoid insert?
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- deltoid tuberosity on humerus
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What does deltoid muscle do
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- abducts arm (strongly after 15 degrees)
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What innervates the deltoid?
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- axillary nerve
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What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi?
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- WIDE
- spinous processes of lower TV - spinous process of LV - dorsum of sacrum - iliac crest - lower ribs |
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Where does latissimus dorsi insert?
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- crest of lesser tubercle and intertubercular sulcus of humerus
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What does the latissimus dorsi do?
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- extends
- adducts - medially rotates arm |
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What innervates the latissimus dorsi?
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- thoracodorsal nerve (aka middle subscapular)
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Where is the origin of the teres major?
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- inferior angle and axillary/lateral border of scapula
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Where does the teres major insert?
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- crest of lesser tubercle
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What does the teres major do?
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- adducts
- medially rotates arm |
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What innervates the teres major?
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- lower subscapular nerve
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What are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff?
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1) supraspinatus
2) infraspinatus 3) teres minor 4) subscapularis |
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Where is the origin of the supraspinatus?
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- supraspinatus fossa of scapula (above the spine, so smaller muscle)
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Where does the supraspinatus insert?
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- greater tubercle of humerus (highest point)
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What does the supraspinatus muscle do?
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- abducts arm (esp the first 15 degrees so helps deltoid)
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What innervates the supraspinatus?
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- suprascapular nerve (off upper trunk, C5 and 6)
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Where is the origin of the infraspinatus?
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- infraspinatus fossa of scapula (below spine of scapula, so larger muscle)
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Where does the infraspinatus muscle insert?
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- greater tubercle
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What does the infraspinatus muscle do?
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- laterally rotates arm
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What innervates the infraspinatus?
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- suprascapular nerve (same as supraspinatus)
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Where is the origin of the teres minor?
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- lateral/axillary border of the scapula (above teres major)
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Where does the teres minor insert?
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- greater tubercle (lowest point)
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What does the teres minor do?
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- laterally rotates arm
- stabilizes joint (head humerus against glynoid fossa) |
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What innervates the teres minor?
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- axillary nerve
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Where is the origin of the subscapularis?
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- costal surface of scapula (subscapular fossa, touching ribs, so anteriorly very deep)
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Where does the subscapularis muscle insert?
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- lesser tubercle
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What does the subscapularis muscle do?
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- medially rotates arm
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What innervates the subscapularis?
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- upper and lower subscapular nerves (posterior cord)
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What forms the quandrangular space?
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- humerus
- teres major - teres minor - long head of triceps |
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What PASSES THROUGH the quadrangular space?
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- posterior humeral circumflex vessels
- axillary nerve |
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What forms the triangular space?
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- teres minor
- teres major - long head of triceps |
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What can be SEEN through the triangular space?
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- scauplar circumflex vessels
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What forms the triangular interval?
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- long head of triceps
- lateral head of triceps - teres major |
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What can be SEEN through the triangular interval?
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- radial nerve
- deep brachial vessels/ profunda brachial vessels |
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What are the 3 anterior muscles of the arm (all innervated by musculocutaneous)?
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1) coracobrachialis
2) biceps brachii 3) brachialis |
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Where is the origin of the coracobrachialis?
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- coracoid process (on lateral scapula)
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Where is the insertion of the coracobrachialis?
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- halfway down medial humerus
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What does the corachobrachialis do?
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- adducts arm
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What innervates the coracobrachialis?
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- musculocutaneous (lateral cord)
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Where is the origin of the biceps brachii?
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- long head: supraglenoid tubercle (above glenoid cavity on scapula)
- short head: coracoid process (on scapula, same place as coracobrachialis) |
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Where is the insertion of the biceps brachii?
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- radial tuberosity
- some fibers directed mediallly (bicipital aponeurosis) |
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What does the biceps brachii do?
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- flexes shoulder
- flexes forearm at elbow - supinates forearm |
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What innervates the biceps brachii?
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- musculocutaneous (lateral cord)
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Wht is the origin of the brachialis?
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- lower anterior half of humerus
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Where does the brachialis insert?
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- ulnar tuberosity (coranoid process)
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What does the brachcialis do?
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- flexes forearm at elbow
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Where is the bracchialis in relation to the biceps brachii?
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- deep to biceps
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What is the 1 muscle of the posterior arm?
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- triceps brachii
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What is the origin of the triceps brachii?
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- lateral head: posterior humerus
- long head: infraglenoid tubercle - Medial head: between other 2 |
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Where does the triceps brachii insert?
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- olecranon process of ulna
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What do the triceps do?
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- extend forearm at elbow
- extend shoulder |
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What innervates the triceps?
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- radial nerve
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What is the cubital fossa?
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- crook of the elbow
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what forms the borders of the cubital fossa?
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- lateral: brachioradialis
- medial: pronator teres - imaginary base: lateral and medial epicondyles |
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Where is the origin of the brachioradialis?
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- lateral supracondylar line of humerus (above lateral epicondyle)
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Where does the brachioradialis insert?
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- near styloid process of radius
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What does the brachioradialis muscle do?
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- flexes forearm at elbow
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What innervates the brachioradialis?
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- radial nerve
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Where is the origin of the pronator teres?
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- superficial head: from medial epicondyle of humerus
- deep head: coronoid process of ulna |
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Where does the pronator teres insert?
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- midpoint of radial shaft
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What does the pronator teres do?
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- pronates forearm
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What innervates pronator teres?
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- median nerve (passes between 2 heads)
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The brachial artery is a continuation of?
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- axillary artery
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Where does the brachial artery officially begin?
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- lower border of teres major
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What are the 3 branches off of the brachial artery?
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1) profunda brachii/deep brachial artery
2) superior ulnar collateral artery 3) inferior ulnar collateral artery |
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What does the profunda brachii/deep brachial artery divide into?
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- radial collateral artery
- middle collateral artery |
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Where does the radial collateral artery travel?
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- with the radial nerve
- at the lateral epicondyle it anastomoses with the radial recurrent artery |
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Where does the middle collateral artery travel?
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- with the nerve to the aconeus muscle
- inferior to the radial collateral artery |
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Where does the superior ulnar collateral artery travel?
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- with ulnar nerve
- posterior to medial epicondyle |
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Where does the inferior ulnar collateral artery travel?
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- with ulnar nerve
- anterior to medial epicondyle |
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At the elbow the brachial artery splits into?
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- radial and ulnar artery
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What are the 2 deep veins of the upper arm?
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- brachial veins
- axillary vein |
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What joins to form the brachial vein?
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- radial and ulnar veins
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What does the brachial vein run with?
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- brachial artery
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Where is the axillary vein formed?
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- lower border of teres major or subscapularis
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Which nerves form the suprascapular?
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- C5,6
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What 2 muscles does the suprascapular nerve innervate?
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- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus |
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what part of the brachial plexus does the suprascapular nerve come off of?
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- upper trunk
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What nerves form the axillary nerve?
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- C5,6
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What 2 muscles does the axillary nerve innervate?
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- teres minor
- deltoid |
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What part of the brachial plexus does the axillary nerve come off of?
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- posterior cord
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What nerves form the radial nerve?
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- C5 through T1 (all)
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What does the radial nerve innervate (area)?
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- all muscles on dorsal/posterior side of arm and forearm
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What part of the brachial plexus does the radial nerve come off of?
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- posterior cord
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What nerves form the musculocutaneous nerve?
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- C5,6
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What does the musculocutaenous nerve innervate?
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- biceps brachii
- brachialis - coracobrachialis (anterior muscles) |
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What part of the brachial plexus does the musculocutaneous nerve come off of?
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- lateral cord
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What nerves form the median nerve?
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- C6 through T1
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What does the median nerve innervate?
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- 6 1/2 muscles in anterior forearm
-5 muscles in hand |
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What part(s) of the brachial plexus does the median nerve come off of?
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- medial AND lateral cords
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What nerves form the ulnar nerve?
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- C8 and T1
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What does the ulnar nerve innervate?
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- 1 1/2 muscles in anterior forearm
- muscles in hand not supplied by median |
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What part of the brachial plexus does the ulnar nerve come off of?
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- medial cord
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