Anatomy Revision Vol. 2 - Dean & Pegington - Thorax

Front 1

SYMPATHETIC NERVE FIBRES :
arise only from segments T5 to T12 of the spinal cord

Back 1

False

Front 2

SYMPATHETIC NERVE FIBRES :
innervate the SA node in the right atrium

Back 2

True

Front 3

SYMPATHETIC NERVE FIBRES :
are responsible for bronchoconstriction

Back 3

False

Front 4

SYMPATHETIC NERVE FIBRES :
only ever synapse in ganglia along the sympathetic trunk

Back 4

False

Front 5

SYMPATHETIC NERVE FIBRES :
are responsible for vasodilation of the skin

Back 5

False

Front 6

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVE FIBRES :
have a craniosacral outflow only

Back 6

True

Front 7

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVE FIBRES :
generally synapse very close to the neuraxis

Back 7

False

Front 8

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVE FIBRES :
are secretor motor to the mucous glands of the bronchi

Back 8

True

Front 9

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVE FIBRES :
travel with the phrenic nerve in the thorax

Back 9

False

Front 10

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVE FIBRES :
reach the limbs by running along blood vessels

Back 10

False

Front 11

IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM :
dorsal nerve roots contain both motor and sensory neurons

Back 11

False

Front 12

IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM :
each ventral ramus contains both motor and sensory neurons

Back 12

True

Front 13

IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM :
sensory neurons have their cell bodies in dorsal root ganglia

Back 13

True

Front 14

IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM :
postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres are unmyelinated

Back 14

True

Front 15

IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM :
both parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic ganglia contain synapses

Back 15

True

Front 16

THE STERNAL ANGLE :
is part of the boundary of the inlet of the thorax

Back 16

False

Front 17

THE STERNAL ANGLE :
is a secondary cartilaginous joint

Back 17

True

Front 18

THE STERNAL ANGLE :
lies at the level at which the second costal cartilages meet the sternum

Back 18

True

Front 19

THE STERNAL ANGLE :
is the joint between the sternal body and xiphisternum

Back 19

False

Front 20

THE STERNAL ANGLE :
can be palpated in the living subject

Back 20

True

Front 21

THE FOURTH INTERCOSTAL NERVES :
give motor fibres to intercostal muscles

Back 21

True

Front 22

THE FOURTH INTERCOSTAL NERVES :
convey parasympathetic neurons to the breasts

Back 22

False
Parasymapthetic nerves only originate from the cranial and sacral regions, so a thoracic nerve, such as the fourth intercostal would not convey parasympathetic, only sympathetic.

Front 23

THE FOURTH INTERCOSTAL NERVES :
contain fibres which are secretomotor to sweat glands

Back 23

True

Front 24

THE FOURTH INTERCOSTAL NERVES :
are accompanied during part of their course by branches of the internal thoracic arteries.

Back 24

True

Front 25

THE FOURTH INTERCOSTAL NERVES :
are sensory to an area of skin on the anterior abdominal wall

Back 25

False

Front 26

THORACIC VERTEBRAE :
each articulate with four ribs (except at T1, T11 and T12)

Back 26

True
Each of these thoracic vertebrae articulates with both its own ribs and the ribs below.

Front 27

THORACIC VERTEBRAE :
have articular facets on their transverse processes for articulation with the tubercles of ribs

Back 27

True

Front 28

THORACIC VERTEBRAE :
give origin to the right and left crura of the diaphragm

Back 28

False
lumbar vertebrae give origin to the crura.

Front 29

THORACIC VERTEBRAE :
are twelve in number

Back 29

True

Front 30

THORACIC VERTEBRAE :
may show flattening of the body where related to the descending aorta

Back 30

True

Front 31

THE SECOND INTERCOSTAL NERVE :
has a collateral branch

Back 31

True

Front 32

THE SECOND INTERCOSTAL NERVE :
has an anterior cutaneous branch

Back 32

True

Front 33

THE SECOND INTERCOSTAL NERVE :
travels in the intercostal space above its corresponding artery and vein

Back 33

False

Front 34

THE SECOND INTERCOSTAL NERVE :
carries sympathetic fibres

Back 34

True

Front 35

THE SECOND INTERCOSTAL NERVE :
supplies the intercostal muscles of the second intercostal space

Back 35

True

Front 36

THE DIAPHRAGM :
contracts during expiration

Back 36

False

Front 37

THE DIAPHRAGM :
receives motor fibres from the vagus nerves

Back 37

False

Front 38

THE DIAPHRAGM :
forms a sphincter around the oesophagus

Back 38

True

Front 39

THE DIAPHRAGM :
arises in part as slips of muscle from the costal margin

Back 39

True

Front 40

THE DIAPHRAGM :
is firmly attached to the fibrous pericardium

Back 40

True

Front 41

THE MEDIASTINAL SURFACE OF THE RIGHT LUNG IS RELATED THROUGH THE PLEURA TO :
the pericardium

Back 41

True
The right lung's mediastinal surface is related to the pericardium of the heart.

Front 42

THE MEDIASTINAL SURFACE OF THE RIGHT LUNG IS RELATED THROUGH THE PLEURA TO :
the vena azygos

Back 42

True

Front 43

THE MEDIASTINAL SURFACE OF THE RIGHT LUNG IS RELATED THROUGH THE PLEURA TO :
the right phrenic nerve

Back 43

True

Front 44

THE MEDIASTINAL SURFACE OF THE RIGHT LUNG IS RELATED THROUGH THE PLEURA TO :
the aortic arch

Back 44

False

Front 45

THE MEDIASTINAL SURFACE OF THE RIGHT LUNG IS RELATED THROUGH THE PLEURA TO :
the right recurrent laryngeal nerve

Back 45

False
The RRL nerve occurs around the R subclavian.

Front 46

A STAB WOUND THROUGH THE SIXTH INTERCOSTAL SPACE INTO THE LUNG TISSUE IN THE MIDCLAVICULAR LINE WILL PASS THROUGH :
the internal thoracic artery

Back 46

False

Front 47

A STAB WOUND THROUGH THE SIXTH INTERCOSTAL SPACE INTO THE LUNG TISSUE IN THE MIDCLAVICULAR LINE WILL PASS THROUGH :
the costo-diaphragmatic recess

Back 47

False

Front 48

A STAB WOUND THROUGH THE SIXTH INTERCOSTAL SPACE INTO THE LUNG TISSUE IN THE MIDCLAVICULAR LINE WILL PASS THROUGH :
both internal and external intercostal muscles

Back 48

True
In the mid-clavicular line, both the internal and external intercostal muscles are definite layers of muscle. Elsewhere, these layers are membranes rather than muscles.

Front 49

A STAB WOUND THROUGH THE SIXTH INTERCOSTAL SPACE INTO THE LUNG TISSUE IN THE MIDCLAVICULAR LINE WILL PASS THROUGH :
pectoralis major

Back 49

False

Front 50

STAB WOUND THROUGH THE SIXTH INTERCOSTAL SPACE INTO THE LUNG TISSUE IN THE MIDCLAVICULAR LINE WILL PASS THROUGH :
only one layer of pleura

Back 50

False

Front 51

THE UPPER LOBE OF THE RIGHT LUNG :
is related through pleura to the trachea

Back 51

True

Front 52

THE UPPER LOBE OF THE RIGHT LUNG :
sometimes has a segment called the azygos lobe

Back 52

True

Front 53

THE UPPER LOBE OF THE RIGHT LUNG :
projects into the neck above the level of the clavicle

Back 53

False

Front 54

THE UPPER LOBE OF THE RIGHT LUNG :
is separated from the suprapleural membrane by both parietal and visceral pleura

Back 54

False

Front 55

THE UPPER LOBE OF THE RIGHT LUNG :
is related to the sympathetic trunk at the first rib

Back 55

True

Front 56

THE RIGHT PRINCIPAL BRONCHUS :
has the azygos arch above it

Back 56

True

Front 57

THE RIGHT PRINCIPAL BRONCHUS :
is more vertical than the left principal bronchus

Back 57

True

Front 58

THE RIGHT PRINCIPAL BRONCHUS :
lies enclosed in the pulmonary ligament

Back 58

False

Front 59

THE RIGHT PRINCIPAL BRONCHUS :
gives off the right upper lobe bronchus before entering the lung

Back 59

True

Front 60

THE RIGHT PRINCIPAL BRONCHUS :
has cartilage in its walls

Back 60

True

Front 61

THE LATERAL ARCUATE LIGAMENT OF THE DIAPHRAGM :
bridges over the psoas muscle

Back 61

False
Remember the positions of muscles. The Psoas is close to the vertebral column. There are two arches (Medial arcuate and Lateral Arcuate) on each side of the diaphragm. The medial arcuate is closest to the MIDLINE :. Arches over the Psoas

Front 62

THE LATERAL ARCUATE LIGAMENT OF THE DIAPHRAGM :
passes between the second lumbar vertebral body and its transverse process

Back 62

False
Best to remember we are talking about the diaphragm. Think about where the muscles of the diaphragm originate, on the LHS the Left crus, originating from L1 and L2 vertebra. The RHS the right crus originating from L1,2,3 vertebra. These are the main areas where the diaphragm interacts with the vertebrae. the lateral arcuate ligament is posterior, but does not interact with the vertebrae.

Front 63

THE LATERAL ARCUATE LIGAMENT OF THE DIAPHRAGM :
has the sympathetic trunk passing posterior to it

Back 63

False
The medial but not the lateral arcuate ligament has the sympathetic trunk pass behind it. The Sympathetic trunk lies close to the vertebral column.

Front 64

THE LATERAL ARCUATE LIGAMENT OF THE DIAPHRAGM :
lies posterior to the right kidney

Back 64

True
The lateral arcuate ligament are found on both sides, left and right. Even though the right kidney sits lower than the left, it overlaps with the parietal pleura. Remember the insertion points of the diaphragm: the kidneys overlap but sit in front of the diaphragm.

Front 65

THE LATERAL ARCUATE LIGAMENT OF THE DIAPHRAGM :
is related to the subcostal vessels

Back 65

True

Front 66

THE RIGHT LUNG :
has a section called the lingula

Back 66

False

Front 67

THE RIGHT LUNG :
has bronchopulmonary segments in each lobe

Back 67

True

Front 68

THE RIGHT LUNG :
has a transverse fissure

Back 68

True

Front 69

THE RIGHT LUNG :
is related (through pleura) to the right phrenic nerve

Back 69

True

Front 70

THE RIGHT LUNG :
is firmly fused with the central tendon of the diaphragm

Back 70

False

Front 71

THE ROOT OF THE LUNG CONTAINS :
an artery or arteries that convey oxygenated blood

Back 71

True
The bronchial arteries carry oxygenated blood to the lungs. The pulmonary artery does not.

Front 72

THE ROOT OF THE LUNG CONTAINS :
parasympathetic fibres

Back 72

True

Front 73

THE ROOT OF THE LUNG CONTAINS :
sympathetic fibres

Back 73

True

Front 74

THE ROOT OF THE LUNG CONTAINS :
lymphatics and lymph nodes

Back 74

True

Front 75

THE ROOT OF THE LUNG CONTAINS :
an artery or arteries that convey de-oxygenated blood

Back 75

True
The pulmonary artery carries de-oxygenated blood to the lungs. [NB the definition of an artery is a vessel in which blood leaves the heart, not one with oxygenated blood.]

Front 76

FEATURES OF THE INTERIOR OF THE RIGHT ATRIUM INCLUDE :
musculi pectinati

Back 76

True

Front 77

EATURES OF THE INTERIOR OF THE RIGHT ATRIUM INCLUDE :
trabeculae carneae covering the wall of the auricular appendage

Back 77

False

Front 78

FEATURES OF THE INTERIOR OF THE RIGHT ATRIUM INCLUDE :
a valve at the entrance of the superior vena cava

Back 78

False
There can occasionally be a rudimentary flap, as a foetal remnant

Front 79

FEATURES OF THE INTERIOR OF THE RIGHT ATRIUM INCLUDE :
the infundibulum

Back 79

False

Front 80

FEATURES OF THE INTERIOR OF THE RIGHT ATRIUM INCLUDE :
a fossa ovalis

Back 80

True

Front 81

THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES CAN NORMALLY BE TRACED ALONG THE MARGINS OF THE MEDIASTINAL SHADOW ON A POSTERO-ANTERIOR RADIOGRAPH OF THE CHEST :
the superior vena cava

Back 81

True

Front 82

THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES CAN NORMALLY BE TRACED ALONG THE MARGINS OF THE MEDIASTINAL SHADOW ON A POSTERO-ANTERIOR RADIOGRAPH OF THE CHEST :
the aortic arch

Back 82

True

Front 83

THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES CAN NORMALLY BE TRACED ALONG THE MARGINS OF THE MEDIASTINAL SHADOW ON A POSTERO-ANTERIOR RADIOGRAPH OF THE CHEST :
the interventricular groove

Back 83

False

Front 84

THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES CAN NORMALLY BE TRACED ALONG THE MARGINS OF THE MEDIASTINAL SHADOW ON A POSTERO-ANTERIOR RADIOGRAPH OF THE CHEST :
the coronary sulcus

Back 84

False

Front 85

THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES CAN NORMALLY BE TRACED ALONG THE MARGINS OF THE MEDIASTINAL SHADOW ON A POSTERO-ANTERIOR RADIOGRAPH OF THE CHEST :
the left auricular appendage

Back 85

True

Front 86

THE MITRAL VALVE :
possesses two major cusps

Back 86

True

Front 87

THE MITRAL VALVE :
"guards"the right atrioventricular orifice

Back 87

False

Front 88

THE MITRAL VALVE :
has chordae tendineae

Back 88

True

Front 89

THE MITRAL VALVE :
is attached to the septomarginal trabeculum (moderator band)

Back 89

False

Front 90

THE MITRAL VALVE :
closes during left ventricular contraction (systole)

Back 90

True

Front 91

CHORDAE TENDINEAE ATTACH TO :
cusps of the mitral valve

Back 91

True

Front 92

CHORDAE TENDINEAE ATTACH TO :
papillary muscles

Back 92

True

Front 93

CHORDAE TENDINEAE ATTACH TO :
cusps of the aortic valve

Back 93

False

Front 94

CHORDAE TENDINEAE ATTACH TO :
the septomarginal trabecula (moderator band)

Back 94

False

Front 95

CHORDAE TENDINEAE ATTACH TO :
cusps of the tricuspid valve

Back 95

True

Front 96

THE SINU-ATRIAL NODE :
lies in the wall of the right atrium near the superior vena cava

Back 96

True

Front 97

THE SINU-ATRIAL NODE :
imposes the rate of heart contraction

Back 97

True

Front 98

THE SINU-ATRIAL NODE :
usually receives its oxygenated blood from a branch of the left coronary artery

Back 98

False

Front 99

THE SINU-ATRIAL NODE :
receives sympathetic fibres

Back 99

True

Front 100

THE SINU-ATRIAL NODE :
receives parasympathetic fibres

Back 100

True

Front 101

BRANCHES OF THE RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY MAY INCLUDE :
the circumflex artery

Back 101

False

Front 102

BRANCHES OF THE RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY MAY INCLUDE :
the anterior interventricular artery

Back 102

False

Front 103

BRANCHES OF THE RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY MAY INCLUDE :
the marginal artery

Back 103

True

Front 104

BRANCHES OF THE RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY MAY INCLUDE :
the sinuatrial (SA) artery

Back 104

True

Front 105

BRANCHES OF THE RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY MAY INCLUDE :
vessels that supply the wall of the pulmonary trunk

Back 105

True

Front 106

THE FOLLOWING BOUND THE OBLIQUE PERICARDIAL SINUS :
the ascending aorta

Back 106

False

Front 107

THE FOLLOWING BOUND THE OBLIQUE PERICARDIAL SINUS :
the inferior vena cava

Back 107

True

Front 108

THE FOLLOWING BOUND THE OBLIQUE PERICARDIAL SINUS :
the right and left pulmonary veins

Back 108

True

Front 109

THE FOLLOWING BOUND THE OBLIQUE PERICARDIAL SINUS :
the pulmonary trunk

Back 109

False

Front 110

THE FOLLOWING BOUND THE OBLIQUE PERICARDIAL SINUS :
the left auricular appendage

Back 110

False

Front 111

THE OESOPHAGUS :
passes through the diaphragm at the level of T8

Back 111

False

Front 112

THE OESOPHAGUS :
is about 25cms (10 ins) in length in a typical adult

Back 112

True

Front 113

THE OESOPHAGUS :
receives some of its blood from inferior thyroid arteries

Back 113

True

Front 114

THE OESOPHAGUS :
drains some of its blood into the portal system

Back 114

True

Front 115

THE OESOPHAGUS :
is separated from the right atrium by the oblique sinus of pericardium

Back 115

True

Front 116

THE ARCH OF THE AORTA ....
is directly related to the left vagus nerve

Back 116

True

Front 117

THE ARCH OF THE AORTA ....
is directly related to the ligamentum arteriosum

Back 117

True

Front 118

THE ARCH OF THE AORTA ....
is directly related to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Back 118

True

Front 119

THE ARCH OF THE AORTA ....
is directly related to the superficial cardiac plexus

Back 119

True

Front 120

THE ARCH OF THE AORTA ....
has its concavity at the level of the suprasternal (jugular) notch

Back 120

False
The arch of the aorta lies at the level of T4, or the 2nd intercostal space. Whereas the suprasternal notch is at the level of the clavicle.

Front 121

THE OESOPHAGUS :
lies anterior to the thoracic duct

Back 121

True

Front 122

THE OESOPHAGUS :
has a normal constriction at the level of the bifurcation of the trachea

Back 122

True
The trachea lies infront of the oesophagus until at the level of T4 where the trachea bifurcates. At the point of bifurcation, there is a trhickening of cartilage that keeps the trachea patent. This is what constricts the oesophagus.

Front 123

THE OESOPHAGUS :
has an oesophago-gastric junction about 40cms from the incisor teeth in adults

Back 123

True

Front 124

THE OESOPHAGUS :
can normally be seen on a P.A. chest film

Back 124

False

Front 125

THE OESOPHAGUS :
has a layer of voluntary muscle throughout its entire course

Back 125

False

Front 126

THE LEFT PHRENIC NERVE :
is a branch of the brachial plexus

Back 126

False

Front 127

THE LEFT PHRENIC NERVE :
arises from cervical ventral rami

Back 127

True

Front 128

THE LEFT PHRENIC NERVE :
lies against the trachea in the superior mediastinum

Back 128

False
No. The left phrenic nerve follows the lateral surface of ARTERIAL vessels. First the LEFT SUBCLAVIAN then the LEFT COMMMON CAROTID ARTERY and finally the AORTIC ARCH. In the Superior mediastinum therefore, the left phrenic lies against the the Left subclavian artery

Front 129

THE LEFT PHRENIC NERVE :
passes behind the left lung root

Back 129

False

Front 130

THE LEFT PHRENIC NERVE :
contains both motor and sensory fibres

Back 130

True

Front 131

CONCERNING THE POSTERIOR ORIGIN OF THE DIAPHRAGM :
the right crus arises from the bodies of T11 and T12

Back 131

False
They arise from L1,2,3. Vertebral bodies.

Front 132

CONCERNING THE POSTERIOR ORIGIN OF THE DIAPHRAGM :
some fibres of the right crus encircle the oesophagus

Back 132

True
Yes, at the level of T10 the oesophagus pieces the diaphragm. It passes through the left crus muscle fibres, and the right crus forms a sling like structure that ENCIRCLES the oesophagus

Front 133

CONCERNING THE POSTERIOR ORIGIN OF THE DIAPHRAGM :
the sympathetic trunk passes behind the lateral arcuate ligament

Back 133

False
The sympathetic trunk actually passes behind the MEDIAL ARCUATE LIGAMENT which is closer to the midliine. This is where the sympathetic trunk is, close to the vertbral column

Front 134

CONCERNING THE POSTERIOR ORIGIN OF THE DIAPHRAGM :
the medial arcuate ligament is a thickening of the fascia covering the psoas

Back 134

True

Front 135

CONCERNING THE POSTERIOR ORIGIN OF THE DIAPHRAGM :
the splanchnic nerves often pierce the crura

Back 135

True
The sympathetic trunks passes behind the medial arcuate ligament.they give off 3 preganglionic nerves, Greater/lesser/least splanchic nerves. These pierce both crura to reach the abdomen

Front 136

STRUCTURES PASSING THROUGH THE OESOPHAGEAL OPENING IN THE DIAPHRAGM INCLUDE :
vagal trunks

Back 136

True

Front 137

STRUCTURES PASSING THROUGH THE OESOPHAGEAL OPENING IN THE DIAPHRAGM INCLUDE :
the hemiazygos vein

Back 137

False

Front 138

STRUCTURES PASSING THROUGH THE OESOPHAGEAL OPENING IN THE DIAPHRAGM INCLUDE :
branches of the left gastric vessels

Back 138

True

Front 139

STRUCTURES PASSING THROUGH THE OESOPHAGEAL OPENING IN THE DIAPHRAGM INCLUDE :
lymphatics

Back 139

True

Front 140

STRUCTURES PASSING THROUGH THE OESOPHAGEAL OPENING IN THE DIAPHRAGM INCLUDE :
the left phrenic nerve

Back 140

False

Front 141

THE THORACIC DESCENDING AORTA :
passes behind the diaphragm at the level of the twelfth thoracic vertebra

Back 141

True

Front 142

THE THORACIC DESCENDING AORTA :
gives off posterior intercostal arteries

Back 142

True

Front 143

THE THORACIC DESCENDING AORTA :
supplies branches to the oesophagus

Back 143

True

Front 144

THE THORACIC DESCENDING AORTA :
lies anterior to the oesophagus just above the diaphragm

Back 144

False

Front 145

THE THORACIC DESCENDING AORTA :
passes behind the diaphragm through a hiatus in company with the thoracic duct

Back 145

True

Front 146

THE RIGHT VAGUS NERVE :
is found on the right surface of the trachea in the thorax

Back 146

True
The right vagus runs along the trachea, where as the left vagus runs along arterial vessels

Front 147

THE RIGHT VAGUS NERVE :
passes in front of the right lung root

Back 147

False
Don't confuse the Vagus and the Phrenic nerves.The right vagus travels behind the hilum (lung root) and forms the oesophageal plexus. The phrenic nerve passes in front of the hilum

Front 148

THE RIGHT VAGUS NERVE :
contains nerve fibres whose activity speeds up the heart rate

Back 148

False
Parasympathetic fibres in the vagus reduce heart rate

Front 149

THE RIGHT VAGUS NERVE :
gives parasympathetic fibres to sweat glands

Back 149

False

Front 150

THE RIGHT VAGUS NERVE :
contains fibres which take part in the formation of the oesophageal plexus

Back 150

True

Front 151

THE THORACIC DUCT :
enters the thorax through the aortic opening of the diaphragm

Back 151

True

Front 152

THE THORACIC DUCT :
empties into the azygos vein

Back 152

False

Front 153

THE THORACIC DUCT :
is found behind the oesophagus in the thorax

Back 153

True
Thoracic duct carries lymph from the lower half of the body and drains it into the brachiocephalic veins.

Front 154

THE THORACIC DUCT :
drains all lymph from both right and left sides of the thorax

Back 154

False
NO. the TD only drains lymph from the lower half and left upper half of the body. The RIGHT LYMPHATIC TRUNK drains the remaining right quadrant

Front 155

THE THORACIC DUCT :
receives lymph from the pelvis

Back 155

True
The TD only drains lymph from the lower half and left upper half of the body