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32 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is the anatomic pathway of fluid from Glomerular Filtrate to toilet?
-Glomerulus -
-Bowman's capsle-
-Proximal Convoluted tubule-
-Loop of Henle-
-Distal convoluted tubule
-Collection duct-
-minor calyces-
-major calyces-
-renal pelvis-
-ureter-
-bladder-
-urethra-
-toilet-
2. What are the two types of nephrons, their ratio and function?
Corticol nephrons 80%
Juxtamedullary nephrons 20%
3. What are the main roles of the kidney?
Regulate volume (water content and cell volume, sodium content and ECF volume) and composition (concentrations of K, phosphate, bicarbonate, pH) of the body fluids.
4. Where are the kidneys located?
between the last thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae.
5. Describe the major anatomical areas of the kidney.
kidney can be divided into an outer cortex and an inner medulla.

The nephron is the basic unit of renal structure and function;
What structure is considered to be the functional unit of the kidneys?
The nephron
In tubular secretion, are substances entering or leaving the bloodstream?
Leaving
The renal arteries deliver what percentage of the resting cardiac output to the kidneys?
20 – 25%
A layer of collagen fibers covers the outer surface of the entire kidney. This layer is also known as?
The renal capsule
Each nephron receives one afferent arteriole, which divides into a tangled, ball shaped capillary network called?
The glomerulus
What is the main role of Erythropoietin?

a. Regulation of blood pressure

b. Promote formation of red blood cells

c. Regulation of growth rate

d. Regulation of blood glucose
B -- Promote formation of red blood cells
The kidney secretes which of the following hormones?

a. erythropoietin

b. renin

c. calcitriol

d. all of the above
D -- all of the above
7. Put the following in correct order: 1. loop of henle 2. collecting duct 3. distal convoluted tubule 4. proximal convoluted tubule

a. 1234

b. 2143

c. 4132

d. 3142
C -- 4132
8. From what nerve plexus does sympathetic innervation of the kidneys arise?

a. Hypogastric

b. Celiac

c. Renal

d. Vasa Recta
C -- renal
9. Which of the following hormones are secreted by the kidney? (more than one answer may be correct.)

a. Erythropoietin

b. Calcitriol

c. Renoblastin

d. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
A and B --erythropoietin and calcitriol
Pathophys of Hepatorenal syndrome?
Intense renal vasoconstriction as a result of extreme vasodilation of the splanchnic artery system r/t NO and PG (reduces the circulating renal BF)
What part of the nephron is the only section that does not actively extrude NaCl?
The Descending limb of the Loop of Henle.
What is the countercurrent regulatory system?
Responsible for concentration of urine.
What are the three microscopic components of the juxtaglomerulus apparatus that is involved inthe RAA system?
1. Macula Densa (releases PG1 and stimulates the Jg cells)
2. juxtaglomerular cells of the afferent arteriole (releases Renin in response to PG1 and Beta1 from SNS)
3. Extraglomerular mesangial cells-- (also plays a role?)
What is the normal GFR?
125ml/min (180L/day)
What happens to GFR as we age?
Goes down....
80ml/min at age 60
60ml/min at age 80!
What three things directly affect GFR?
Cardiac Output
MAP
SNS
How does arterial tone affect the GFR?
Filtration pressure DIRECTLY proportional to EFFERENT tone (Inc pressure to efferent=inc GFR)

-Filtration pressure INVERSELY proportional to AFFERENT tone (inc afferent pressure=dec GFR)
What is the autoregulation zone of the GFR?
Constant GFR between MAP 80-180 mmHg
What is the SNS innervation of the kidney?
T8-L1
What effect does surgical stress or catecholamine release have on GFR?
--preferential constriction of - afferent renal arterioles (dec filtration)
--dec glomerular cap press
-- dec in GFR
Renin release stimulated by:
Inc SNS tone
Dec. Na+ delivery to macula densa (DCT)
Dec. perfusion pressure
(End result:
R-A-S conservation of Na+ & H20)
What neurohumoral agent:
1. Acts on thr DCT & Collecting Ducts
2. causes Reabsorb Na+ & H20 into blood
3. causes the Secrete K+ & H+ into urine
Aldosterone
What hormone is Secreted by post. pituitary in response to :
-Dec plasma vol
-Inc. plasma osmolality
ADH
What hormone
- Inhibits renin & aldosterone secretion;
- antagonzies Na+ retention;
- dilates afferent arterioles in glomerular caps =
INC. hydraulic pressure and
systemic vasodilation, Na+ & H20 excretion
ANP
How does Angiotension II preserve Kidney function?
Angiotensin II constricts efferent arterioles, which forces blood to build up in the glomerulus, increasing glomerular pressure. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is thus maintained, and blood filtration can continue despite lowered overall kidney blood flow.
What is the GOLD standard for measuring Renal Function(GFR)?
Inulin Clearance Test