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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is a tissue?
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organization of similar cells that work together
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what are the 4 primary tissue types?
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muscle, nervous,connective and epithelial
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where are epithelial tissue located?
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they cover exposed surfaces, line internal cavities/tubes and form the glands of the body
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what are epithelial tissue functions?
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protection, absorption and secretion
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what are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?
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they are either simple(one layer thick) or stratified(more than one layer thick)
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what are differing shapes of epithelial cells?
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squamous,cubodial,or columnar
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where can simple squamous epithelium be found?
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lining ventral cavities, blood vessels and the heart
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where can stratified squamous epithelium be found?
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epidermis
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simple cubodial epithelium is found where?
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kidney tubules, pancreas, thyroid gland and salivary glands
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where can stratified cubodial epithelium be found?
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sweat glands and mammory glands
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where can simple columnar epithelium be found?
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lining the stomach, intestines and uterine tubes
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psuedostratified columnar epithelium is known for what characteristics?
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single layer of cells with differing heights of which all do not reach the free surface.
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where can psuedostratified columnar epithelium be found?
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lining the respiratory tract from nasal cavity to bronchi.
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how do exocrine galnds secrete there secretions?
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through ducts onto a surface
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what secretion do endocrine glands release into the blood stream?
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hormones
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what is the most abundant and widespread sweat gland and through which process does it release its secretion?
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the merocrine gland releases sweat through exocytosis
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what are apocrine gland secretions?
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lactiferous glands of breasts and axillary sweat glands
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name a holocrine gland secretion.
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oil from the sebacious glands of the scalp and certain eyelid glands
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what are the membrane to membrane methods with which cells attach?
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tight junctions, gap junctions and desmosomes
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what are the three types of muscle tissue?
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skeletal,smooth and cardiac
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tissue that has the ability to contract is known as what?
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muscle tissue
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what tissue has the following characteristics: voluntary in there control, striated in appearance and multinucleated? ability to
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skeletal muscle tissue
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what muscle tissue has the following characteristics:forms the walls of hollow digestive organs, are involuntary in there control,non-striated in appearance and uninucleated?
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smooth muscle tissue
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involuntary in control,striated in appearance, single nucleated with intercalated connective discs?
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cardiac muscle tissue
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protein fibers and ground substance
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matrix(space)
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what are the names that connective tissue are classified under?
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connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissue and supporting connective tissue
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widely distributed under the epithelia of the body?
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areolar connective tissue
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gel-like matrix with all three fiber types, fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells and some wbc's
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areolar connective tissue
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network of reticular fibers in a loose ground sustance?
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reticular connective tissue
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fibers form a soft internal skeleton that supports other cell types including wbc's, mast cells and macrophages. found in lymph organs.
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reticular connective tissue
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primarily parallel collagen fibers with a few elastin fibers whose major cell type is fibroblast
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dense regular connective tissue
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attaches muscles to bone and bone to bone
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dense regular connective tissue
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primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers whose major cell type is fibroblast. dermis of the skin
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dense irregular connective tissue
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chondroblasts produce the matrix and when mature(chondrocytes) lie in lacunea
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hyaline cartilage connective tissue
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covers the end of long bone in joint cavities, form the costal cartilage of the rib, cartilages of the nose, trachea and larynx.
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hyaline
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which supporting connective tissue maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility. supports the external ear, and is also found in the epiglottis.
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elastic supporting connective tissue
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supportive connective tissue that can be found in between intervertebral discs and absorbs compressive shock?
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fibrocartilage
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very well vascularized connective tissue type.Hard calcified matrix containing many collagen fibers and in which osteocytes lie in lacunea
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osseous connective tissue
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red and wbc's in fluid matrix(plasma)
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blood connective tissue
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specialized tissue that allows for the conduction of an impulse.
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nueral(nervous)tissue
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what are the types of membranes?
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mucous, serous, cutaneous and synovial
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what are the three serous membranes?
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pericardium, peritoneum and pleurea
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which membrane consists of a 1)an epithelium, 2)an areolar connective tissue layer called lamina propria and 3) sometimes a smooth muscle layer called muscularis mucosea
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mucous membrane
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cover joints of the skeletal system?
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synovial membrane
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functions include the following:protection,thermoregulation,excretion and vit. d synthesis
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integumentary system
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what are the major regions of the skin?
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epidermis, dermis and hypodermis
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what is the tissue composition of the hypodermis?
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primarily loose connective with abundant adipose tissues
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outermost or top epidermal layer consisting of 20-30 cell layers
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stratum corneum
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cells in this epidermal layer are dead flattened scalelike remnants and fully keratinized
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stratum corneum
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a very thin tranlucent band of flattened dead keratinocytes found only in thick skin
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stratum lucidum
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at the upper border of this epidermal layer cells are starting to die
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stratum granulosum
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in most places this is the thickest layer of the epidermis and is named because of cells spiny appearance
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stratum spinosum
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deepest layer of epidermis attached to the basement membrane
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stratum basale or germinativum
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stem cells(active mitosis), melanocytes, merkel (sensory) cells and dendritic(macrophages) are contained within which epidermal layer?
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stratum germinativum(basale)
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contains a variety of blood vessels, nerve endings,glandular epithelia,hair structures and nail roots
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dermis
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upper layer of dermis and for attachment of epidermis
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papillary layer
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upwards waves/fingerlike extensions of the dermis
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dermal papillea
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downward waves/extentions of the epidermis
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epidermal ridges
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deeper 4/5ths of the dermis
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reticular layer
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"pilus"-shaft of keratinized cells
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hair
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types of hair
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lanugo,vellus and terminal
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located everywhere on the body except the palms of hands and soles of feet
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hair
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hemangiomas are another word for what?
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birthmarks
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elevated patch of melanized skin.
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mole(nevus)
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albinism?
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genetic lack of melatonin
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eumelanin?
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brown black melanin
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what is pheomelanin?
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a reddish-yellow sulfur containing pigment
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skin cancer originates in what cell types?
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epidermal cells
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what are the three cycles of hair growth?
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anagen,catagen and telogen
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Hard part of the nail?
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nail plate
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skin underlying the nail plate?
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nail bed
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the epidermis of the nail bed?
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hyponychium
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opaque white crescent on nail plate?
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lunule
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a narrow zone of dead skin that overhangs the lunule?
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eponychium
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deep inward depressions of stratum germinativum
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hair follicle
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composed of hard keratin?
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hair and nails
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