Anatomy-Physiology: Word Roots, Prefixes, Suffixes

Front 1

a-, an-

Back 1

absence or lack

Hint 1

acardia - lack of a heart; anaerobic - in the absence of oxygen

Front 2

ab-

Back 2

departing from; away from

Hint 2

abnormal - departing from normal

Front 3

acou-

Back 3

hearing

Hint 3

acoustics - the science of sound

Front 4

ac-, acro-

Back 4

extreme or extremity; peak

Hint 4

acrodermatitis - inflammation of the skin of the extremities

Front 5

ad-

Back 5

to or toward

Hint 5

adorbital - toward the orbit

Front 6

aden-, adeno-

Back 6

gland

Hint 6

adeniform - resembling a gland in shape

Front 7

amphi-

Back 7

on both sides; of both kinds

Hint 7

amphibian - an organism capable of living in water and on land

Front 8

angi-

Back 8

vessel

Hint 8

angitis - inflammation of a lymph vessel or blood vessel

Front 9

ant-, anti-

Back 9

opposed to; preventing or inhibiting

Hint 9

anticoagulant - a substance that prevents blood coagulation

Front 10

ante-

Back 10

preceding; before

Hint 10

antecubital - in front of the elbow

Front 11

arthr-, arthro-

Back 11

joint

Hint 11

arthropathy - any joint disease

Front 12

aut-, auto-

Back 12

self

Hint 12

autogenous - self-generated

Front 13

bi-

Back 13

two

Hint 13

bicuspid - having two cups

Front 14

bio-

Back 14

life

Hint 14

biology - the study of life and living organisms

Front 15

blast-

Back 15

bud or germ

Hint 15

blastocyte - undifferentiated embryonic cell

Front 16

broncho-

Back 16

bronchus

Hint 16

bronchospasm - spasmodic contraction of bronchial muscle

Front 17

bucco-

Back 17

cheek

Hint 17

buccolabial - pertains to the cheek and lip

Front 18

caput-

Back 18

head

Hint 18

decapitate - remove the head

Front 19

carcin-

Back 19

cancer

Hint 19

carcinogen - a cancer-causing agent

Front 20

cardi-, cardio-

Back 20

heart

Hint 20

cardiotoxic - harmful to the heart

Front 21

cephal-

Back 21

head

Hint 21

cephalometer - an instrument for measuring the head

Front 22

cerebro-

Back 22

brain, especially the cerebrum

Hint 22

cerebrospinal - pertaining to the brain and spinal cord

Front 23

chondr-

Back 23

cartilage

Hint 23

chondrogenic - giving rise to cartilage

Front 24

circum-

Back 24

around

Hint 24

circumnuclear - surrounding the nucleus

Front 25

co-, con-

Back 25

together

Hint 25

concentric - common center, together in the center

Front 26

contra-

Back 26

against

Hint 26

contraceptive - agent preventing conception

Front 27

cost-

Back 27

rib

Hint 27

intercostal - between the ribs

Front 28

crani-

Back 28

skull

Hint 28

craniotomy - a skull operation

Front 29

crypt-

Back 29

hidden

Hint 29

cryptomenorrhea - a condition in which menstrual symptoms are experienced but no external loss of blood occurs

Front 30

cyt-

Back 30

cell

Hint 30

cytology - the study of cells

Front 31

de-

Back 31

undoing, reversal, loss, removal

Hint 31

deactivation - becoming inactive

Front 32

di-

Back 32

twice, double

Hint 32

dimorphism - having two forms

Front 33

dia-

Back 33

through, between

Hint 33

diaphragm - the wall through or between two areas

Front 34

dys-

Back 34

difficult, faulty, painful

Hint 34

dyspepsia - disturbed digestion

Front 35

ec-, ex-, ecto-

Back 35

out, outside, away from

Hint 35

excrete - to remove materials from the body

Front 36

en-, em-

Back 36

in, inside

Hint 36

encysted - enclosed in a cyst or capsule

Front 37

entero-

Back 37

intestine

Hint 37

enterologist - one who specializes in the study of intestinal disorders

Front 38

epi-

Back 38

over, above

Hint 38

epidermis - outer layer of skin

Front 39

eu-

Back 39

well

Hint 39

euesthesia - a normal state of the senses

Front 40

exo-

Back 40

outside, outer layer

Hint 40

exophthalmos - an abnormal protrusion of the eye from the orbit

Front 41

extra-

Back 41

outside, beyond

Hint 41

extracellular - outside the body cells of an organism

Front 42

gastr-

Back 42

stomach

Hint 42

gastrin - a hormone that influences gastric acid secretion

Front 43

glosso-

Back 43

tongue

Hint 43

glossopathy - any disease of the tongue

Front 44

hema-, hemato-, hemo-

Back 44

blood

Hint 44

hematocyst - a cyst containing blood

Front 45

hemi-

Back 45

half

Hint 45

hemiglossal - pertaining to one-half of the tongue

Front 46

hepat-

Back 46

liver

Hint 46

hepatitis - inflammation of the liver

Front 47

hetero-

Back 47

different or other

Hint 47

heterosexuality - sexual desire for a person of the opposite sex

Front 48

hist-

Back 48

tissue

Hint 48

histology - the study of tissue

Front 49

hom-, homo-

Back 49

same

Hint 49

homeophasia - formation of tissue similar to normal tissue; homocentric - having the same center

Front 50

hydr-, hyrdo-

Back 50

water

Hint 50

dehydration - loss of body water

Front 51

hyper-

Back 51

excess

Hint 51

hypertension - excessive tension

Front 52

hypno-

Back 52

sleep

Hint 52

hypnosis - a sleeplike state

Front 53

hypo-

Back 53

below, deficient

Hint 53

hypodermic - beneath the skin; hypokalemia - deficiency of potassium

Front 54

hyster-, hystero-

Back 54

uterus or womb

Hint 54

hysterectomy - removal of the uterus; hysterdynia - pain in the womb

Front 55

im-

Back 55

not

Hint 55

impermeable - not permitting passage, not permeable

Front 56

inter-

Back 56

between

Hint 56

intercellular - between the cells

Front 57

intra-

Back 57

within, inside

Hint 57

intracellular - inside the cell

Front 58

iso-

Back 58

equal, same

Hint 58

isothermal - equal, or same, temperature

Front 59

leuko-

Back 59

white

Hint 59

leukocyte - white blood cell

Front 60

lip-, lipo-

Back 60

fat, lipid

Hint 60

lipophage - a cell that has taken up fat in its cytoplasm

Front 61

macro-

Back 61

large

Hint 61

marcromolecule - large molecule

Front 62

mal-

Back 62

bad, abnormal

Hint 62

malfunction - abnormal functioning of an organ

Front 63

mamm-

Back 63

breast

Hint 63

mammary gland - breast

Front 64

mast-

Back 64

breast

Hint 64

mastectomy - removal of a mammary gland

Front 65

meningo-

Back 65

membrane

Hint 65

meningitis - inflammation of the membranes of the brain

Front 66

meso-

Back 66

middle

Hint 66

mesoderm - middle germ layer

Front 67

meta-

Back 67

beyond, between, transition

Hint 67

metatarsus - the part of the foot between the tarsus and the phalanges

Front 68

metro-

Back 68

uterus

Hint 68

endometrium - the lining of the uterus

Front 69

micro-

Back 69

small

Hint 69

microscope - an instrument used to make small objects appear larger

Front 70

mito-

Back 70

thread, filament

Hint 70

mitochondria - small, filament-like structures located in cells

Front 71

mono-

Back 71

single

Hint 71

monospasm - spasm of a single limb

Front 72

morpho-

Back 72

form

Hint 72

morphology - the study of form and structure of organisms

Front 73

multi-

Back 73

many

Hint 73

multinuclear - having several nuclei

Front 74

myelo-

Back 74

spinal cord, marrow

Hint 74

myeloblasts - cells of the bone marrow

Front 75

myo-

Back 75

muscle

Hint 75

myocardium - heart muscle

Front 76

narco-

Back 76

numbness

Hint 76

narcotic - a drug producing stupor or numbed sensations

Front 77

nephro-

Back 77

kidney

Hint 77

nephritis - inflammation of the kidney

Front 78

neuro-

Back 78

nerve

Hint 78

neurophysiology - the physiology of the nervous system

Front 79

ob-

Back 79

before, against

Hint 79

obstruction - impeding or blocking up

Front 80

oculo-

Back 80

eye

Hint 80

monocular - pertaining to one eye

Front 81

odonto-

Back 81

teeth

Hint 81

orthodontist - one who specializes in proper positioning of the teeth in relation to each other

Front 82

ophthalmo-

Back 82

eye

Hint 82

ophthalmology - the study of the eyes and related disease

Front 83

ortho-

Back 83

straight, direct

Hint 83

orthopedic - correction of deformities of the musculoskeletal system

Front 84

osteo-

Back 84

bone

Hint 84

osteodermia - bony formations in the skin

Front 85

oto-

Back 85

ear

Hint 85

otoscope - a device for examining the ear

Front 86

oxy-

Back 86

oxygen

Hint 86

oxygenation - the saturation of a substance with oxygen

Front 87

pan-

Back 87

all, universal

Hint 87

panacea - a cure-all

Front 88

para-

Back 88

beside, near

Hint 88

paranuclear - beside the nucleus

Front 89

peri-

Back 89

around

Hint 89

perianal - situated around the anus

Front 90

phago-

Back 90

eat

Hint 90

phagocyte - a cell that engulfs and digests particles or cells

Front 91

phleb-

Back 91

vein

Hint 91

phlebitis - inflammation of the veins

Front 92

pod-

Back 92

foot

Hint 92

podiatry - the treatment of foot disorders

Front 93

poly-

Back 93

multiple

Hint 93

polymorphism - multiple forms

Front 94

post-

Back 94

after, behind

Hint 94

posterior - places behind (a specific) part

Front 95

pre-, pro-

Back 95

before, ahead

Hint 95

prenatal - before birth

Front 96

procto-

Back 96

rectum, anus

Hint 96

proctoscope - an instrument for examining the rectum

Front 97

pseudo-

Back 97

false

Hint 97

pseudotumor - a false tumor

Front 98

psycho-

Back 98

mind, psyche

Hint 98

psychogram - a chart of personality traits

Front 99

pyo-

Back 99

pus

Hint 99

pyocyst - a cyst that contains pus

Front 100

ren-

Back 100

kidney

Hint 100

renal renin - an enzyme secreted by the kidney

Front 101

retro-

Back 101

backward, behind

Hint 101

retrogression - to move backward in development

Front 102

sclero-

Back 102

hard

Hint 102

sclerodermatitis - inflammatory thickening and hardening of the skin

Front 103

semi-

Back 103

half

Hint 103

semicircular - having a form of half a circle

Front 104

steno-

Back 104

narrow

Hint 104

stenocoriasis - narrowing of the pupil

Front 105

sub-

Back 105

beneath, under

Hint 105

sublingual - beneath the tongue

Front 106

super-

Back 106

above, upon

Hint 106

superior - quality or state of being above others or a part

Front 107

supra-

Back 107

above, upon

Hint 107

supracondylar - above a condyle

Front 108

sym-, syn-

Back 108

together, with

Hint 108

synapse - the region of communication between two neurons

Front 109

tachy-

Back 109

rapid

Hint 109

tachycardia - abnormally rapid heartbeat

Front 110

therm-

Back 110

heat

Hint 110

thermometer - an instrument used to measure neat

Front 111

tox-

Back 111

poison

Hint 111

toxicology - study of poisons

Front 112

trans-

Back 112

across, through

Hint 112

transpleural - through the pleura

Front 113

tri-

Back 113

three

Hint 113

trifurcation - division into three branches

Front 114

viscero-

Back 114

organ, viscera

Hint 114

visceroinhibitory - inhibiting the movements of the viscera

Front 115

-able

Back 115

able to, capable of

Hint 115

viable - ability to live or exist

Front 116

-ac

Back 116

referring to

Hint 116

cardiac - referring to the heart

Front 117

-algia

Back 117

pain in a certain part

Hint 117

neuralgia - pain along the course of a nerve

Front 118

-ary

Back 118

associated with, relating to

Hint 118

coronary - associated with the heart

Front 119

-cide

Back 119

destroy or kill

Hint 119

germicide - an agent that kills germs

Front 120

-ectomy

Back 120

cutting out, surgical removal

Hint 120

appendectomy - cutting out of the appendix

Front 121

-emia

Back 121

condition of the blood

Hint 121

anemia - deficiency of red blood cells

Front 122

-ferent

Back 122

carry

Hint 122

efferent nerves - carrying impulses away from the CNS

Front 123

-fuge

Back 123

driving out

Hint 123

vermifuge - a substance that expels worms from the intestine

Front 124

-gen

Back 124

an agent that initiates

Hint 124

pathogen - any agent that produces disease

Front 125

-gram

Back 125

data that are systematically recorded, a record

Hint 125

electrocardiogram - a recording showing action of the heart

Front 126

-graph

Back 126

an instrument recording data or writing

Hint 126

electrocardiograph - an instrument used to make an electrocardiogram

Front 127

-ia

Back 127

condition

Hint 127

insomnia - condition of not being able to sleep

Front 128

-iatrics

Back 128

medical specialty

Hint 128

geriatrics - the branch of medicine dealing with disease associated with old age

Front 129

-itis

Back 129

inflammation

Hint 129

gastritis - inflammation of the stomach

Front 130

-logy

Back 130

the study of

Hint 130

pathology - the study of changes in structure and function brought on by disease

Front 131

-lysis

Back 131

loosening or breaking down

Hint 131

hydrolysis - chemical decomposition of a compound into other compounds as a result of taking up water

Front 132

-malacia

Back 132

soft

Hint 132

osteomalacia - a process leading to bone softening

Front 133

-mania

Back 133

obsession, compulsion

Hint 133

erotomania - exaggeration of sexual passions

Front 134

-odyn

Back 134

pain

Hint 134

coccygodynia - pain in the region of the coccyx

Front 135

-oid

Back 135

like, resembling

Hint 135

cuboid - shaped as a cube

Front 136

-oma

Back 136

tumor

Hint 136

lymphoma - a tumor of the lymphatic tissues

Front 137

-opia

Back 137

defect of the eye

Hint 137

myopia - nearsightedness

Front 138

-ory

Back 138

referring to, of

Hint 138

auditory - referring to hearing

Front 139

-pathy

Back 139

disease

Hint 139

osteopathy - any disease of the bone

Front 140

-phobia

Back 140

fear

Hint 140

acrophobia - fear of heights

Front 141

-plasty

Back 141

reconstruction of a part, plastic surgery

Hint 141

rhinoplasty - reconstruction of the nose through surgery

Front 142

-plegia

Back 142

paralysis

Hint 142

paraplegia - paralysis of the lower half of the body or lower limbs

Front 143

-rrhagia

Back 143

abnormal or excessive discharge

Hint 143

metrorrhagia - uterus hemorrhage

Front 144

-rrhea

Back 144

flow or discharge

Hint 144

diarrhea - abnormal emptying of the bowels

Front 145

-scope

Back 145

instrument used for examination

Hint 145

stethoscope - instrument used to listen to sound of parts of the body

Front 146

-stasis

Back 146

arrest, fixation

Hint 146

hemostasis - arrest of bleeding

Front 147

-stomy

Back 147

establishment of an artificial opening

Hint 147

enterostomy - the formation of an artificial opening into the intestine through the abdominal wall

Front 148

-tomy

Back 148

to cut

Hint 148

appendectomy - surgical removal of the appendix

Front 149

-ty

Back 149

condition of, state

Hint 149

immunity - condition of being resistant to infection or disease

Front 150

-uria

Back 150

urine

Hint 150

polyuria - passage of an excessive amount of urine

Front 151

-apsi

Back 151

juncture

Hint 151

synapse - where two neurons communicate

Front 152

-asthen

Back 152

weakness

Hint 152

myasthenia gravis - a disease involving paralysis

Front 153

-bryo

Back 153

swollen

Hint 153

embryo

Front 154

-cipit

Back 154

head

Hint 154

occipital

Front 155

-clast

Back 155

break

Hint 155

osteoclast - a cell that dissolves bone matrix

Front 156

-crine

Back 156

separate

Hint 156

endrocrine organs - which secrete hormones into the blood

Front 157

-dips

Back 157

thirst, dry

Hint 157

polydipsia - excessive thirst associated with diabetes

Front 158

-ell, -elle

Back 158

small

Hint 158

organelle

Front 159

-esthesi

Back 159

sensation

Hint 159

anesthesia - lack of sensation

Front 160

-form, -forma

Back 160

shape

Hint 160

cribriform - plate of the ethmoid bone

Front 161

-glea, -glia

Back 161

glue

Hint 161

neuroglia - the connective tissue of the nervous system

Front 162

-ism

Back 162

condition

Hint 162

hyperthyroidism

Front 163

-lemma

Back 163

sheath, husk

Hint 163

sarcolemma - the plasma membrane of a muscle cell

Front 164

-nata

Back 164

bith

Hint 164

prenatal development

Front 165

-nom

Back 165

govern

Hint 165

autonomic nervous system

Front 166

-phasia

Back 166

speech

Hint 166

aphasia - lack of ability to speak

Front 167

-phil, -philo

Back 167

like, love

Hint 167

hydrophilic - water-attracting molecules

Front 168

-phragm

Back 168

partition

Hint 168

diaphragm - which separates the throacic and abdominal cavities

Front 169

-phylax

Back 169

guard, preserve

Hint 169

prophylaxis - to guard in advance, as in preventive treatment

Front 170

-plas

Back 170

grow

Hint 170

neoplasia - an abnormal growth

Front 171

-plasm

Back 171

form, shape

Hint 171

cytoplasm

Front 172

-some

Back 172

body

Hint 172

chromosome

Front 173

-sorb

Back 173

suck in

Hint 173

absorb

Front 174

-stalsis

Back 174

compression

Hint 174

peristalsis - muscular contractions that propel food along the digestive tract

Front 175

-stitia

Back 175

come to stand

Hint 175

interstitial fluid - between the cells

Front 176

-tegm

Back 176

cover

Hint 176

integument

Front 177

-trud

Back 177

thrust

Hint 177

protrude - detrusor muscle

Front 178

-zyme

Back 178

ferment

Hint 178

enzyme

Front 179

adren-

Back 179

toward the kidney

Hint 179

adrenal gland - adjacent to the kidney

Front 180

aero-

Back 180

air

Hint 180

aerobic respiration - oxygen-requiring metabolism

Front 181

af-

Back 181

toward

Hint 181

afferent neurons - which carry impulses to the central nervous system

Front 182

agon-

Back 182

contest

Hint 182

agonistic and antagonistic muscles - which oppose each other

Front 183

alb-

Back 183

white

Hint 183

corpus albicans of the ovary - a white scar tissue

Front 184

aliment-

Back 184

nourish

Hint 184

alimentary canal, or digestive tract

Front 185

allel-

Back 185

of one another

Hint 185

alleles - alternative expressions of a gene

Front 186

ana-

Back 186

apart, up, again

Hint 186

anaphase of mitosis - when the chromosomes separate

Front 187

anastomos-

Back 187

come together

Hint 187

arteriovenous anastomosis - a connection between an artery and a vein

Front 188

aneurysm-

Back 188

a widening

Hint 188

aortic aneurysm - a weak spot that causes enlargement of the blood vessel

Front 189

angin-

Back 189

choked

Hint 189

angina pectoris - a choked feeling in the chest due to dysfunction of the heart

Front 190

aort-

Back 190

great artery

Hint 190

aorta

Front 191

ap-, api-

Back 191

tip, extremity

Hint 191

apex of the heart

Front 192

append-

Back 192

hang to

Hint 192

appendicular skeleton

Front 193

aqua-, aque-

Back 193

water

Hint 193

aqueous solutions

Front 194

arbor-

Back 194

tree

Hint 194

arbor vitae of the cerebellum - the treelike pattern of white matter

Front 195

areola-

Back 195

open space

Hint 195

areolar connective tissue - a loose connective tissue

Front 196

arrect-

Back 196

upright

Hint 196

arrector pili muscles of the skin - which make the hairs stand erect

Front 197

artic-

Back 197

joint

Hint 197

articular surfaces of bones - the points of connection

Front 198

atri-

Back 198

vestibule

Hint 198

atria - upper chambers of the heart

Front 199

auscult-

Back 199

listen

Hint 199

auscultatory method for measuring blood pressure

Front 200

ax-, axi-, axo-

Back 200

axis, axle

Hint 200

axial skeleton; axis of vertebral column

Front 201

azyg-

Back 201

unpaired

Hint 201

azygous vein - an unpaired vessel

Front 202

baro-

Back 202

pressure

Hint 202

baroreceptors for monitoring blood pressure

Front 203

basal

Back 203

base

Hint 203

basal lamina of epithelial basement membrane

Front 204

bili-

Back 204

bile

Hint 204

bilirubin - a bile pigment

Front 205

brachi-

Back 205

arm

Hint 205

brachial plexus of peripheral nervous supplies the arm

Front 206

brady-

Back 206

slow

Hint 206

bradycardia - abnormally slow heart rate

Front 207

brev-

Back 207

short

Hint 207

peroneus brevis - a short leg muscle

Front 208

calor-

Back 208

heat

Hint 208

calories - a measure of energy

Front 209

capill-

Back 209

hair

Hint 209

blood and lymph capillaries

Front 210

carneo-

Back 210

flesh

Hint 210

trabeculae carneae - ridges of muscle in the ventricles of the heart

Front 211

cata-

Back 211

down

Hint 211

catabolism – chemical breakdown

Front 212

caud-

Back 212

tail

Hint 212

caudal (directional term)

Front 213

carot-

Back 213

carrot, stupor

Hint 213

carotene - an orange pigment; carotid arteries in the neck - blockage causes fainting

Front 214

cec-

Back 214

blind

Hint 214

cecum of large instestine – a blind ended pouch

Front 215

cele-

Back 215

abdominal

Hint 215

celiac artery – in the abdomen

Front 216

chole-

Back 216

bile

Hint 216

cholesterol; cholecystokinin – a bile-secreting hormone

Front 217

cervic-, cervix-

Back 217

neck

Hint 217

cervix of the uterus

Front 218

chrom-

Back 218

colored

Hint 218

chomosome - so named because they stain darkly

Front 219

cili-

Back 219

small hair

Hint 219

ciliated ephithelium

Front 220

clavic-

Back 220

key

Hint 220

clavicle - a "skeleton" key

Front 221

coccy-

Back 221

cuckoo

Hint 221

coccyx - which is beak-shaped

Front 222

cochlea

Back 222

snail shell

Hint 222

the cochlea of the inner ear - which is coiled like a snail shell

Front 223

coel-

Back 223

hollow

Hint 223

coelom - the ventral body cavity

Front 224

commis-

Back 224

united

Hint 224

gray commisure of the spinal cord connects the two columns of gray matter

Front 225

concha

Back 225

shell

Hint 225

nasal conchae - coiled shelves of bone in the nasal cavity

Front 226

corn-, cornu-

Back 226

horn

Hint 226

stratum corneum - outer layer of the skin composed of (horny) cells

Front 227

corona

Back 227

crown

Hint 227

coronal suture of the skull

Front 228

corp-

Back 228

body corpse

Hint 228

corpus luteum - hormone-secreting body in the ovary

Front 229

cort-

Back 229

bark

Hint 229

cortex - the outer layer of the brain, kidney, adrenal glands, and lymph nodes

Front 230

cusp-

Back 230

pointed

Hint 230

bicuspid, tricuspid valves of the heart

Front 231

cutic-

Back 231

skin

Hint 231

cuticle of the nail

Front 232

cyan-

Back 232

blue

Hint 232

cyanosis - blue color of the skin due to lack of oxygen

Front 233

cyst-

Back 233

sac

Hint 233

bladder cystitis - inflammation of the urinary bladder

Front 234

decid-

Back 234

falling off

Hint 234

deciduous (milk) teeth

Front 235

delta

Back 235

triangular

Hint 235

deltoid muscle - roughly triangular in shape

Front 236

den-, dent-

Back 236

tooth

Hint 236

dentin of the tooth

Front 237

dendr-

Back 237

tree, branch

Hint 237

dendrites, telodendria - both branches of a neuron

Front 238

derm-

Back 238

skin

Hint 238

dermis - deep layer of the skin

Front 239

desm-

Back 239

bond

Hint 239

desmosome - which binds adjacent epithelial cells

Front 240

dialys-

Back 240

separate, break apart

Hint 240

kidney dialysis - in which wast products are removed from the blood

Front 241

diastol-

Back 241

stand apart

Hint 241

cardiac diastole - between successive contractions of the heart

Front 242

diure-

Back 242

urinate

Hint 242

diuretic - a drug that increases urine output

Front 243

dors-

Back 243

the back

Hint 243

dorsal; dorsum; dorsiflexion

Front 244

duc-, duct-

Back 244

lead, draw

Hint 244

ductus deferens which carries sperm from the epididymis into the urethra during ejaculation

Front 245

dura-

Back 245

hard

Hint 245

dura mater - tough outer meninx

Front 246

ectop-

Back 246

displaced

Hint 246

ectopic pregnancy; ectopic focus for initiation of heart contraction

Front 247

edem-

Back 247

swelling

Hint 247

edema – accumulation of water in body tissue

Front 248

ef-

Back 248

away

Hint 248

efferent nerve fibers – which carry impulses away from the central nervous system

Front 249

ejac-

Back 249

to shoot forth

Hint 249

ejaculation of semen

Front 250

embol-

Back 250

wedge

Hint 250

embolus – an obstructive object traveling in the bloodstream

Front 251

enceph-

Back 251

brain

Hint 251

encephalitis – inflammation of the brain

Front 252

endo-

Back 252

within, inner

Hint 252

endocytosis – taking particles into a cell

Front 253

erythr-

Back 253

red

Hint 253

erythema – redness of the skin; erythrocyte – red blood cell

Front 254

eso-

Back 254

within

Hint 254

esophagus

Front 255

excret-

Back 255

separate

Hint 255

excretory system

Front 256

extrins-

Back 256

from the outside

Hint 256

extrinsic regulation of the heart

Front 257

fasci-, fascia-

Back 257

bundle, band

Hint 257

superficial and deep fascia

Front 258

fenestr-

Back 258

window

Hint 258

fenestrated capillaries

Front 259

ferr-

Back 259

iron

Hint 259

transferring, ferritin – both iron-storage proteins

Front 260

flagell-

Back 260

whip

Hint 260

flagellum – the tail of a sperm cell

Front 261

flat-

Back 261

blow, blown

Hint 261

flatulence

Front 262

folli-

Back 262

bag, bellows

Hint 262

hair follicle

Front 263

fontan-

Back 263

fountain

Hint 263

fontanels of the fetal skull

Front 264

foram-

Back 264

opening

Hint 264

foramen magnum of the skull

Front 265

foss-

Back 265

ditch

Hint 265

fossa ovalis of the heart; mandibular fossa of the skull

Front 266

gam-, gamet-

Back 266

married, spouse

Hint 266

gametes – the sex cells

Front 267

gangli-

Back 267

swelling or knot

Hint 267

dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerves

Front 268

gene

Back 268

beginning, origin

Hint 268

genetics

Front 269

germin-

Back 269

grow

Hint 269

germinal epithelium of the gonads

Front 270

gero-, geront-

Back 270

old man

Hint 270

gerontology – the study of aging

Front 271

gest-

Back 271

carried

Hint 271

gestation – the period from conception to birth

Front 272

glauc-

Back 272

gray

Hint 272

glaucoma – which causes gradual blindness

Front 273

glom-

Back 273

ball

Hint 273

glomeruli – clusters of capillaries in the kidneys

Front 274

gluco-, glyco-

Back 274

glucose

Hint 274

gluconeogenesis – the production of glucose form noncarbohydrate molecules

Front 275

glute-

Back 275

buttock

Hint 275

gluteus maximus – largest muscle of the buttock

Front 276

gnost-

Back 276

knowing

Hint 276

the Gnostic sense – a sense of awareness of self

Front 277

gompho-

Back 277

nail

Hint 277

gomphosis – the term applied to the joint between tooth and jaw

Front 278

gon-, gono-

Back 278

seed, offspring

Hint 278

gonads – the sex organs

Front 279

gust-

Back 279

taste

Hint 279

gustatory sense – the sense of taste

Front 280

hapt-

Back 280

fasten, grasp

Hint 280

hapten – a partial antigen

Front 281

hiat-

Back 281

gap

Hint 281

the hiatus of the diaphragm – the opening through which the esophagus passes

Front 282

hippo-

Back 282

horse

Hint 282

hippocampus of the brain – shaped like a seahorse

Front 283

hirsut-

Back 283

hairy

Hint 283

hirsutism – excessive body hair

Front 284

holo-

Back 284

whole

Hint 284

holocrine glands – whose secretions are whole cells

Front 285

hormon-

Back 285

to excite

Hint 285

hormones

Front 286

humor-

Back 286

a fluid

Hint 286

humoral immunity – which involves antibodies circulating in the blood

Front 287

hyal-

Back 287

clear

Hint 287

hyaline cartilage – which as not visible fibers

Front 288

ile-

Back 288

intestine

Hint 288

ileum – the past portion of the small intestine

Front 289

intercal-

Back 289

insert

Hint 289

intercalated discs – the end membranes between adjacent cardiac muscle cells

Front 290

jugul-

Back 290

throat

Hint 290

jugular veins – prominent vessels in the neck

Front 291

juxta-

Back 291

near, close to

Hint 291

juxtaglomerular apparatus – a cell cluster next to a glomerulus in the kidneys

Front 292

karyo-

Back 292

kernel, nucleus

Hint 292

karyotype – the assemblage of the nuclear chromosomes

Front 293

kera-

Back 293

horn

Hint 293

keratin – the water-repellant protein of the skin

Front 294

kilo-

Back 294

thousand

Hint 294

kilocalories – equal to 1000 calories

Front 295

kin-, kines-

Back 295

move

Hint 295

kinetic energy – the energy of motion

Front 296

labi-, labri-

Back 296

lip

Hint 296

labial frenulum – the membrane which joins the lip to the gum

Front 297

lact-

Back 297

milk

Hint 297

lactose – milk sugar

Front 298

lacun-

Back 298

space, cavity, lake

Hint 298

lacunae – the spaces occupied by cells of cartilage and bone tissue

Front 299

lamell-

Back 299

small plate

Hint 299

concentric lamellae – rings of bone matrix in compact bone

Front 300

lamina

Back 300

layer, sheet

Hint 300

basal lamina – part of the epithelial basement membrane

Front 301

lat-

Back 301

wide

Hint 301

latissimus dorsi – a broad muscle of the back

Front 302

laten-

Back 302

hidden

Hint 302

latent period of a muscle twitch

Front 303

later-

Back 303

side

Hint 303

lateral (directional term)

Front 304

leva-

Back 304

raise, elevate

Hint 304

levator labii superioris – muscle that elevates upper lip

Front 305

lingua-

Back 305

tongue

Hint 305

lingual tonsil – adjacent to the tongue

Front 306

lith-

Back 306

stone

Hint 306

cholelithiasis – gallstones

Front 307

luci-

Back 307

clear

Hint 307

stratum lucidum – clear layer of the epidermis

Front 308

lumen

Back 308

light

Hint 308

lumen – center of a hollow structure

Front 309

lut-

Back 309

yellow

Hint 309

corpus luteum – a yellow, hormone-secreting structure in the ovary

Front 310

lymph

Back 310

water

Hint 310

lymphatic circulation – return of clear fluid to the bloodstream

Front 311

macula

Back 311

spot

Hint 311

macula lutea – yellow spot on the retina

Front 312

magn-

Back 312

large

Hint 312

foramen magnum – largest opening in the skull

Front 313

mater

Back 313

mother

Hint 313

mura mater, pia mater – membranes that envelop the brain

Front 314

meat-

Back 314

passage

Hint 314

external acoustic meatus – the ear canal

Front 315

medi-

Back 315

middle

Hint 315

medial (directional term)

Front 316

medull-

Back 316

marrow

Hint 316

medulla – the middle portion of the kidney, adrenal gland, and lymph node

Front 317

mega-

Back 317

large

Hint 317

megakaryocyte – large precursor cell of platelets

Front 318

meio-

Back 318

less

Hint 318

meiosis – nuclear division that halves the chromosome number

Front 319

melan-

Back 319

black

Hint 319

melanocytes – which secrete the black pigment melanin

Front 320

men-, menstru-

Back 320

month

Hint 320

menses – the cyclic menstrual flow

Front 321

mer-, mero-

Back 321

a part

Hint 321

merocrine glands – the secretions of which do not include the cell

Front 322

mictur-

Back 322

urinate

Hint 322

micturition – the act of voiding the bladder

Front 323

mnem-

Back 323

memory

Hint 323

amnesia

Front 324

mur-

Back 324

wall

Hint 324

intramural ganglion – a nerve junction within an organ

Front 325

muta-

Back 325

change

Hint 325

mutation – change in the base sequence of DNA

Front 326

nano-

Back 326

dwarf

Hint 326

nanometer – one-billionth of a meter

Front 327

natri-

Back 327

sodium

Hint 327

atrial natriuretic peptide – a sodium-regulating hormone

Front 328

necro-

Back 328

death

Hint 328

necrosis – tissue death

Front 329

neo-

Back 329

new

Hint 329

neoplasm – an abnormal growth

Front 330

noci-

Back 330

harmful

Hint 330

nociceptors – receptors for pain

Front 331

nom-

Back 331

name

Hint 331

innominate artery; innominate bone

Front 332

noto-

Back 332

back

Hint 332

notochord – the embryonic structure that precedes the vertebral column

Front 333

nucle-

Back 333

pit, kernel, little nut

Hint 333

nucleus

Front 334

nutri-

Back 334

feed, nourish

Hint 334

nutrition

Front 335

olfact-

Back 335

smell

Hint 335

olfactory nerves

Front 336

oligo-

Back 336

few

Hint 336

oligodendrocytes – neuroglial cells with few branches

Front 337

onco-

Back 337

a mass

Hint 337

oncology – study of cancer

Front 338

oo-

Back 338

egg

Hint 338

oocyte – precursor of femal gamete

Front 339

ord-

Back 339

circular

Hint 339

orticularis oculi – muscle that encircles the eye

Front 340

orchi-

Back 340

testis

Hint 340

cryptorchidism – failure of the testis to descend into the scrotum

Front 341

org-

Back 341

living

Hint 341

orgamism

Front 342

osm-

Back 342

smell

Hint 342

anosmia – loss of sense of smell

Front 343

osmo-

Back 343

pushing

Hint 343

osmosis

Front 344

ov-, ovi-

Back 344

egg

Hint 344

ovum; oviduct

Front 345

papill-

Back 345

nipple

Hint 345

dermal papillae – projections of the dermis into the epidermal area

Front 346

pect-, pectus

Back 346

breast

Hint 346

prectoralis major – a large chest muscle

Front 347

pelv-

Back 347

a basin

Hint 347

pelvic girdle – which cradles the pelvic organs

Front 348

peni-

Back 348

a tail

Hint 348

penis; penile urethra

Front 349

penna-

Back 349

feather

Hint 349

unipennate, bipennate muscles – whose fascicles have a feathered appearance

Front 350

pent-

Back 350

five

Hint 350

pentose – a 5-carbon sugar

Front 351

pep-, peps-, pept-

Back 351

digest

Hint 351

pepsin – a digestive enzyme of the stomach; peptic ulcer

Front 352

per-, permea-

Back 352

through

Hint 352

permeate; permeable

Front 353

pheno-

Back 353

show, appear

Hint 353

phenotype – the physical appearance of an individual

Front 354

pia

Back 354

tender

Hint 354

pia mater – delicate inner membrane around the brain and spinal cord

Front 355

pili-

Back 355

hair

Hint 355

arrector pili muscles of the skin – which make the hairs stand erect

Front 356

pin-, pino-

Back 356

drink

Hint 356

pinocytosis – the engulfing of small particles of a cell

Front 357

platy-

Back 357

flat, broad

Hint 357

platysma – broad, flat muscles of the neck

Front 358

pleur-

Back 358

side, rib

Hint 358

pleaural serosa – the membrane that lines the thoracic cavity and covers the lungs

Front 359

plex-, plexus

Back 359

net, network

Hint 359

brachial plexus – the network of nerves that supplies the arm

Front 360

pheumo-

Back 360

air, wind

Hint 360

pheumothorax – air in the thoracic cavity

Front 361

pron-

Back 361

bent forward

Hint 361

prone; pronate

Front 362

propri-

Back 362

one’s own

Hint 362

proprioception – awareness of body parts and movement

Front 363

ptos-

Back 363

fall

Hint 363

renal ptosis – a condition in which the kidneys drift below their normal position

Front 364

pub-

Back 364

of the pubis

Hint 364

puberty

Front 365

pulmo-

Back 365

lung

Hint 365

pulmonary artery – which brings blood to the lungs

Front 366

pyro-

Back 366

fire

Hint 366

pyrogen – a substance that induces fever

Front 367

quad-, quadr-

Back 367

four-sided

Hint 367

quadratus lumborum – a muscle with a square shape

Front 368

re-

Back 368

back, again

Hint 368

reinfect

Front 369

rect-

Back 369

straight

Hint 369

rectus abdominis; rectum

Front 370

rectin-, retic-

Back 370

net, network

Hint 370

endoplasmic reticulum – a network of membranous sacs within a cell

Front 371

rheum-

Back 371

watery flow, change, or flux

Hint 371

rheumatoid arthritis; rheumatic fever

Front 372

rhin-, rhino-

Back 372

nose

Hint 372

rhinitis – inflammation of the nose

Front 373

ruga-

Back 373

fold, wrinkle

Hint 373

rugae – the folds of the stomach, gallbladder, and urinary bladder

Front 374

sagitt-

Back 374

arrow

Hint 374

sagittal (directional term)

Front 375

salta-

Back 375

leap

Hint 375

salutatory conduction – the rapid conduction of impulses along myelinated neurons

Front 376

sanguine-

Back 376

blood

Hint 376

consanguineous – indicative of a genetic relationship between individuals

Front 377

sarco-

Back 377

flesh

Hint 377

sarcomere – unit of contraction in skeletal muscle

Front 378

saphen-

Back 378

visible, clear

Hint 378

great saphenous vein – superficial vein of the thigh and leg

Front 379

seb-

Back 379

grease

Hint 379

sebum – the oil of the skin

Front 380

semen

Back 380

see, sperm

Hint 380

semen – the discharge of the male reproductive system

Front 381

sens-

Back 381

feeling

Hint 381

sensation; sensory

Front 382

septi-

Back 382

rotten

Hint 382

sepsis – infection; antiseptic

Front 383

septum

Back 383

fence

Hint 383

nasal septum

Front 384

sero-

Back 384

serum

Hint 384

serological tests – assess blood conditions

Front 385

serrat-

Back 385

saw

Hint 385

serratus anterior – a muscle of the chest wall that has a jagged edge

Front 386

sin-, sino-

Back 386

a hollow

Hint 386

sinuses of the skull

Front 387

soma-

Back 387

body

Hint 387

somatic nevous sustem

Front 388

somn-

Back 388

sleep

Hint 388

insomnia – inability to sleep

Front 389

sphin-

Back 389

squeeze

Hint 389

sphincter

Front 390

splanchn-

Back 390

organ

Hint 390

splanchnic nerve – autonomic supply to abdominal viscera

Front 391

spondyl-

Back 391

vertegra

Hint 391

ankylosing spondylitis – rheumatoid arthritis affecting the spine

Front 392

squam-

Back 392

scale, flat

Hint 392

squamous suture of the skull

Front 393

strat-

Back 393

layer

Hint 393

strata of the epidermis; stratified epithelium

Front 394

stria-

Back 394

furrow, streak

Hint 394

striations of skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue

Front 395

stroma

Back 395

spread out

Hint 395

stroma – the connective tissue framework of some organs

Front 396

sucr-

Back 396

sweet

Hint 396

sucrose – table sugar

Front 397

sudor-

Back 397

sweat

Hint 397

sudoriferous glands – the sweat glands

Front 398

synerg-

Back 398

work together

Hint 398

synergism

Front 399

systol-

Back 399

contraction

Hint 399

systole – contraction of the heart

Front 400

tact-

Back 400

touch

Hint 400

tactile sense

Front 401

telo-

Back 401

the end

Hint 401

telophase – the end of mitosis

Front 402

templ-, tempo-

Back 402

time

Hint 402

temporal summation of nerve impulses

Front 403

tens-

Back 403

stretched

Hint 403

muscle tension

Front 404

terti-

Back 404

third

Hint 404

fibularis tertius – one of three fibularis muscles

Front 405

tetan-

Back 405

rigid, tense

Hint 405

tentanus of the muscles

Front 406

thromb-

Back 406

clot

Hint 406

thrombocyte; thrombus

Front 407

thyro-

Back 407

a shield

Hint 407

thyroid gland

Front 408

tissu-

Back 408

woven

Hint 408

tissue

Front 409

tono-

Back 409

tension

Hint 409

tonicity; hypertonic

Front 410

trab-

Back 410

beam, timber

Hint 410

trabeculae – spicules of bone in spongy bone tissue

Front 411

trapez-

Back 411

table

Hint 411

trapezius – the four-sided muscle of the upper back

Front 412

trop-

Back 412

turn, change

Hint 412

tropic hormones – targets are endocrine glands

Front 413

troph-

Back 413

nourish

Hint 413

trophpblast, from which develops the fetal portion of the placenta

Front 414

tuber-

Back 414

swelling

Hint 414

tuberosity – a bump on a bone

Front 415

tunic-

Back 415

covering

Hint 415

tunica albuginea – the covering of the testis

Front 416

tympan-

Back 416

drum

Hint 416

tympanic membrane – the eardrum

Front 417

ultra-

Back 417

beyond

Hint 417

ultraviolet radiation – beyond the band of visible light

Front 418

vacc-

Back 418

cow

Hint 418

vaccine

Front 419

vagin-

Back 419

a sheath

Hint 419

vagina

Front 420

vagus

Back 420

wanderer

Hint 420

the vagus nerve – starts at the brain and travels into the abdominopelvic cavity

Front 421

valen-

Back 421

strength

Hint 421

valence shells of atoms

Front 422

venter, ventr-

Back 422

abdomen, belly

Hint 422

ventral (directional term); ventricle

Front 423

vent-

Back 423

the wind

Hint 423

pulmonary ventilation

Front 424

vert-

Back 424

turn

Hint 424

vertebral column

Front 425

vestibul-

Back 425

a porch

Hint 425

vestibule – the anterior entryway to the mouth and nose

Front 426

vibr-

Back 426

shake, quiver

Hint 426

vibrissae – hairs of the nasal vestibule

Front 427

villus

Back 427

shaggy hair

Hint 427

microvilli – have the appearance of hair in light microscopy

Front 428

viscos-

Back 428

sticky

Hint 428

viscosity – resistance to flow

Front 429

vita-

Back 429

life

Hint 429

vitamin

Front 430

vitre-

Back 430

glass

Hint 430

vitreous humor – the clear jelly of the eye

Front 431

viv-

Back 431

live

Hint 431

in vivo

Front 432

vulv-

Back 432

a covering

Hint 432

vulva – the female external genitalia

Front 433

zyg-

Back 433

a yoke, twin

Hint 433

zygote