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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is translation?
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The process of enzymatically Reading an MRNA molecule and synthesizing the protein encoded in it's nucleotide sequence.
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What is mutation?
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Changes in DNA structure due to replication errors or environmental factors.
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What is thymine (T)?
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A single - ringed nitrogenous base (Pyrimidine) found in DNA, complementary to Adenine in the double helix in DNA.
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What is transcription?
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The process of enzymatically reading the nucleotide sequence of a gene and synthesizing a pre - mRNA molecule with a complementary sequence.
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What is Apoptosis?
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programmed cell death.
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What is a base triplet?
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a sequence of three DNA nucleotides that codes for one amino acid.
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What are daughter cells?
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cells that arise from a parent cell by mitosis or meiosis.
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What is cytosine (C)?
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a single ringed nitrogenous base found in DNA. Complementary to Guanine (G) in the double helix of DNA.
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What is a gene?
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a segment of DNA that codes for the synthesis of one protein.
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Define Genetic Engineering.
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any of several techniques that alter the genetic constitution of a cell or organism.
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Define Gene Locus.
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the site on a chromosome where a given gene is located.
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Define Homozygous.
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having identical alleles at the same gene locus of two homologous chromosomes.
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What is a dominant allele?
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an allele that is phenotypically expressed in the presence of any other allele.
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Define metastasis.
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the spread of cancer cells from the original tumor to a new location, where they seed the development of a new tumor.
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Define mitosis.
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a form of cell division in which a cell divides once and produces two genetically daughter cells.
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What is a nucleotide?
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an organic molecule composed of
1) nitrogenous base 2) mono saccharide and 3) phosphate group |
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What is a codminant allele?
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where both alleles are expressed.
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What is a carcinogen?
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an agent capable of causing cancer
(ie. chemicals, radiation, viruses) |
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Define recombinant DNA.
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a molecule composed of the DNA of two different species spliced together.
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What is chromatin?
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filamentous nuclear material composed of DNA and associated proteins.
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What is RNA?
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ribonucleic acid; composed of adenine, uracil, thymine and cytosine. Directs protein sythesis which forms a single nucleotide chain.
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interpret DNA code.
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Define somatic.
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pertaining to the whole body as a whole.
(non-sex cells) |
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What is guanine (G)?
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double-ringed nitrogenous base (purine) found in DNA and RNA. Complementary to Cytosine in DNA.
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What is a codon?
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a series of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for one amino acid in a protein or signals the end of a gene.
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What is an allele?
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different forms of a gene at same location on two homologous chromosomes.
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What is a haploid?
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having 23 chromosomes instead of the usual 46 (in humans) in homologous pairs.
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What is uracil?
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a pyrimidine; found ONLY in RNA. Occupies (replaces) thymine which is found in DNA. Complementary to Adenine in RNA.
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What is adenine?
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a double ringed nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA and ATP.
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What is cytokinesis?
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division of the cytoplasm of a cell into two cells following nuclear division.
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Name the four phases of mitosis.
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1) Prophase
2) Metaphase 3) Anaphase 4) Telophase |
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Define genotype.
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alleles (location) for a particular trait.
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Define Heterozygous.
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different alleles for a particular gene.
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What is interphase?
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accumulates materials needed to replicate DNA (G1 phase).
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Define Genome.
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all the genes of one person. (30-35,000 in humans: estimated)
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What is a host cell?
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any cell belonging to the human body.
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What is a chromosome?
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a condensed form of chromatin visible in a cell undergoing meiosis or mitosis.
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