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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In Gross Anatomy, it is all structures in one part of the body (such as the abdomen or leg)
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Regional
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In Gross Anatomy, it is the part of the body studied by system
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Systemic
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In Gross Anatomy, it is the study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin
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Surface
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In Microscopic Anatomy, it is the study of the cell
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Cytology
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In Microscopic Anatomy, it is the study of tissues
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Histology
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This type of Anatomy traces structural changes throughout life
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Developmental Anatomy
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In Developmental Anatomy, it is the study of developmental changes if the body before birth
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Embryology
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This branch of Anatomy studies the structural changes caused by disease
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Pathological Anatomy
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This type of Anatomy studies the internal structures visualized by specialized scanning procedures like X-ray, MRI and CT scans
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Radiographic Anatomy
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This branch of Anatomy studies anatomical structures at a subcellular level
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Molecular Biology
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This is the study of the operation of specific organ systems and focuses on the functions of the body, often at the cellular or molecular level
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Physiology
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The study of Physiology requires physical which would explain what 3 things
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1. electrical currents
2. blood pressure 3. the way muscle uses bone for movement |
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This principle states that function always reflects structure and what a structure can do depending on its specific form
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Principle of Complementarity
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What are the levels of Structural Organization?
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Chemical
Cellular Tissue Organ Organ System Organismal |
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In the Levels of Strucural Organization, what is Chemical?
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atoms combined to form molecules
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In the Levels of Structural Organization, cells are made of molecules
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Cellular
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In the Levels of Structural Organization, this consists of similar types of cells
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Tissue
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In the Levels of Structural Organization, this is made up of different types of tissues
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Organ
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In the Levels of Structural Organization, this consistes of different organs that work closely together
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Organ System
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In the Levels of Strucural Organization, this is made up of the organ systems
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Organismal
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Which system forms the external body covering?
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Integumentray System
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Which system is composed of skin, sweat glands, oil glands, hair and nails?
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Integumentary System
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Which system protects deep tissues from injury and synthesizes vitamin D?
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Integumentary System
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Which system is composed of bone, cartilage and ligaments
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Skeletal System
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Which system protects and supports body organs
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Skeltal System
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Which system provides framework for muscles?
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Skeletal System
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Which system is the side of blood cell formation and stores minerals?
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Skeletal System
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Which system is composed of muscles and tendons?
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Muscular System
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Which system allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion and facial expression?
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Muscular System
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Which system maintains posture and produces heat?
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Muscular System
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Which system is composed of the brain, spinal colums and nerves?
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Nervous System
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Which system is the fast-acting control system of the body?
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Nervous System
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Which system responds to stimuli by activating muscles and glands?
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Nervous System
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Which system is composed of the heart and blood vessels?
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Cardiovascular System
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In which system does the heart pump blood and blood vessels transport blood throughout the body?
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Cardiovascular System
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Which system is composed of red bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes and lymphatic vessles?
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Lymphatic System
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Which system picks up fluid leaked from blood vessles and returns it to blood?
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Lymphatic System
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Which system disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream and houses white blood cells involved with immunity?
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Lymphatic System
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Which system is composed of the nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs?
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Respiratory System
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Which system keeps blood supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide?
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Respiratory System
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Which system is composed of the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum, anus and liver?
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Digestive System
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Which system breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood?
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Digestive System
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Which system eliminates indigestible foodstuffs as feces?
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Digestive System
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Which system is composed of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra?
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Urinary System
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Which system eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body and regulates water, electrolytes and pH balance of the blood?
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Urinary System
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Which system is composed of the prostate gland, penis, testes, scrotum and ductus deferens?
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Male Reproductive System
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Testes produce what 2 things?
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sperm and male sex hormones
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What 2 things aid in the delivery of sperm to the female reproductive tract?
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Ducts and glands
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Which system is composed of mammary glands, ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus and vagina?
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Female Reproductive System
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What is the main function of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems?
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To produce offspring
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These produce milk to nourish newborn
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Mammary Glands
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These produce eggs and female sex hormones
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Ovaries
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With the acception of the mammary glands and ovaries, these remaining structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus
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Uterine tubes, Uterus and Vagina
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The ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them
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Responsiveness
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The internal environment remains distinct from the external environment
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Maintaining boundaries
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2 examples of maintaining boundaries
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1. Cellular level: accomplished by plasma membranes
2. Organismal level: accomplished by the skin. |
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Term for locomotion, propulsion (peristalsis) and contractility.
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Movement
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The breakdown of ingested foodstuffs
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Digestion
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The term for all the chemical reactions that occur in the body
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Metabolism
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The removal of wastes from the body
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Excretion
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Describe reproduction at the Cellular level
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Cellular-an original cell divides and produces 2 identical daughter cells
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Describe reproduction at the Organismal Level
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Sperm and egg unite to make a whole new person
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The term for the increase in size of a body part or of the organism
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Growth
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What are the 8 aspects of Necessary Life Functions?
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1. Maintaining Boundaries
2. Movement 3. Responsiveness 4. Digestion 5. Metabolism 6. Excretion 7. Reproduction (Cellular and Organismal) 8. Growth MMRDMERG |
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What are the 5 aspects of Survival Needs?
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1. Nutrients
2. Oxygen 3. Water 4. Normal body temperature 5. Atmospheric pressure NOWNA |
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This survival need is needed for energy and cell building
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Nutrients
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This survival need is necessary for metabolic reactions
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Oxygen
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This survival need provides the necessary environment for chemical reactions
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Water
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This survival need is necessary for chemical reactions to occur at life-sustaining rates
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Normal body temperature
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This survival need is required for proper breathing and gas exchange in the lungs
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Atmospheric pressure
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It is the ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in an ever-changing outside world
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Homeostasis
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It is when the internal environment of the body is in a dynamic state of equilibrium
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Homeostasis
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These 3 factors interact to maintain Homeostasis
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Chemical, Thermal and Neural
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What are the 3 interdependent components of control mechanisms?
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1. Receptor
2. Control center 3. Effector |
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This component of control mechanism monitors the environments and responds to changes (stimuli)
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Receptor
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This component of control mechanism determines the set point at which the variable is maintained
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Control center
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This component of control mechanism provides the means to respond to stimuli
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Effector
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In a negative feedback system, what does the output do to the original stimulus?
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The output shuts off the original stimulus (example: Regulation of room temperature)
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In a positive feedback system, what does the output do?
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The output enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus (example: Regulation of blood clotting)
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The disturbance of homeostasis or the body's normal equilibrium is?
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Homeostatic Imbalance
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What happens to the positive feedback when the negative feedback is overwhelmed?
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The positive feedback becomes destructive and takes over
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