Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 1 Review

Front 1

Studies of the structure of living organisms.

Back 1

Anatomy

Front 2

Study of the function of living organisms.

Back 2

Physiology

Front 3

The simplest level of the structural hierachy is the _______ level

Back 3

Chemical

Front 4

At the _______ level, tiny building blocks of matter (atoms) combine to form molecules.

Back 4

Chemical

Front 5

_______ form organelles.

Back 5

Molecules

Front 6

Basic components of the microscopic cells.

Back 6

Organelles

Front 7

The smallest units of living things.

Back 7

Cells

Front 8

What are the levels of organization?

Back 8

Atom
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism

Front 9

Groups of similar cells that have a common fuction.

Back 9

Tissues

Front 10

What are the four basic tissue types in the human body?

Back 10

1. Epithelium
2. Muscle
3. Connective
4. Nervous

Front 11

A discrete structure composed of at least two tissue types that performs a specific function for the body.

Back 11

Organ

Front 12

Organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose.

Back 12

Organ System

Front 13

A state of body equilibrium or stable internal enviornment of the body.

Back 13

Homeostasis

Front 14

The most common homeostasis control mechanism. The net effect is that the output of the system shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity.

Back 14

Negative feedback mechanism
(Similar to your thermostat)

Front 15

Feedback that tends to cause the level of a variable to change in the same direction as an initial change.

Back 15

Positive feedback mechanism
(Similar to labor contractions)

Front 16

In the _______ position, the body is erect with feet slightly apart. (Standing at attention) Palms face forward and thumbs away from body.

Back 16

Anatomical position

Front 17

The anatomical reference point is a standard body position called the _______.

Back 17

Anatomical position

Front 18

Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above.

Back 18

Superior

Front 19

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below.

Back 19

Inferior

Front 20

Toward or at the from of the body; in front of.

Back 20

Ventral (Anterior)

Front 21

Toward or at the back of the body; behind.

Back 21

Dorsal (Posterior)

Front 22

Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of.

Back 22

Medial

Front 23

Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of.

Back 23

Lateral

Front 24

Between a more medial and more lateral structure.

Back 24

Intermeadiate

Front 25

Closer to the origin of the body part of the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.

Back 25

Proximal

Front 26

Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.

Back 26

Distal

Front 27

Toward or at the body surface.

Back 27

Superficial (External)

Front 28

Away from the body surface; more internal.

Back 28

Deep (internal)

Front 29

A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts.

Back 29

Sagittal plane

Front 30

A sagittal plane that lies exactly in the midline.

Back 30

Midsagittal (Median) plane

Front 31

Sagittal plane offset from the midline.

Back 31

Parsasagittal plane

Front 32

Vertically divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.

Back 32

Frontal (Coronal) plane

Front 33

Runs horizontally from right to left, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts.

Back 33

Transverse (Horizontal) plane

Front 34

A transverse section

Back 34

Cross section

Front 35

Cuts made diagnolly between the horizontal and the vertical planes.

Back 35

Oblique sections

Front 36

Protects the fragile nervous system organs.

Back 36

Dorsal body cavity

Front 37

What are the two subdivisions of the dorsal body cavity?

Back 37

1. Cranial cavity
2. Vertebral (Spinal) cavity

Front 38

The cavity in the skull that encases the brain.

Back 38

Cranial cavity

Front 39

The cavity that runs within the bony vertebral column and encloses the delicate spinal cord.

Back 39

Vertebral (Spinal) cavity

Front 40

The more anterior and larger of the closed body cavities that houses internal organs collectively.

Back 40

Ventral body cavity

Front 41

What are the two subdivisions of the ventral body cavity?

Back 41

1. Thoracic
2. abdominopelvic

Front 42

The lung is located in which cavity?

Back 42

Pleural cavity

Front 43

The heart is located in which cavity?

Back 43

Pericardial cavity

Front 44

The stomach is located in which cavity?

Back 44

Abdominal cavity

Front 45

What are the 3 subdivisions of the thoracic cavity?

Back 45

1. Pleural
2. Mediastinum
3. Pericardial
(Each contain the other from top to bottom)

Front 46

The walls of the ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of the organs it contains are covered by a thin, double-layered mebrane called?

Back 46

Serosa membrane

Front 47

What are the two layers of the serosa membrane?

Back 47

1. Parietal serosa
2. Visceral serosa

Front 48

This layer of the membrane lines the cavity walls.

Back 48

Parietal serosa

Front 49

This layer of the membrane covers the organs in the cavity.

Back 49

Visceral serosa