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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Biochemistry
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A specialized area of chemistry that deal w/ living organisms and life processes.
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What is the difference between an element and a compound.
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Elements are a simple form of matter, a substance that cannot be broken down into 2 or more different substances. a compound are atoms of 2 or more elements joined to form a chemical combinations.
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What is matter
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Anything that has mass & occupies space.
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What elements make up 99% of the material in the human body?
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Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen nitrogen
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What is an atom?
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Atoms are divisible into even smaller or subatomic particles, some of which exist in a "cloud: surround a dense central core called a nucleus.
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List and define the most important types of subatomic particles.
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Protons - positively charged subatomic particles in the nucleus. Neutrons neutral subatomic particles found in the nucleus. Electrons negatively charges subatomic particles found the electron cloud.
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The total # of electrons in an atom equals the number of?
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Protons in its nucleus.
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An atom can be described as chemically inert if its outermost electron shell contains what?
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8 electrons
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Isotopes are atoms of elements that differ in their number of what?
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Neutrons
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Ionic bonds are chemical bonds formed by the?
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transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
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Chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons are called?
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Covalent
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A chemical reaction in which substance combine to form more complex substances is called?
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Synthesis
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Atomic weight refers to
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The mass of a single atom. It is equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus.
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Energy level is
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The total number of electrons in an atom equals the number of protons in the nucleus, electron for a cloud around nucleus
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Talk about atomic Number
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The # of protons in an atom's nucleus. The atomic # is critically important; it identifies the kind of element.
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What is meant by the Octet rule?
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Atoms with fewer or more than 8 electrons in the outer energy level will attempt to lose, gain or share electrons with other atoms to achieve stability.
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List the 2 types of chemical bonds?
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Ionic or electrovalent formed by transfer of electrons, strong electrostatic force that binds pos & neg charged ions together. Covalent formed by sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
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Discuss Isotopes
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Isotopes of an element contain the same # of protons but contain different #'s of neutrons.
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Discuss Isotopes
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They have the same atomic # & there4 the same basic chemical properties as any other atom of the same element, but they have a different atomic weight.
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Discuss Radioactive isotopes.
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An unstable isotope that undergoes nuclear breakdown & emits nuclear particles & radiation.
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Discuss Attractions between atoms - chemical bonds.
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Chemical reaction interaction between 2 or more atoms that occurs as a result of activity between electrons in the outermost energy levels.
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What is a molecule?
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2 or more atoms joined together.
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What is a compound?
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consists of molecules formed by atoms of two or more elements.
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Describe Hydrogen bond
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Form when electrons are unequally shared, ex water molecule. Much weaker than ionic or covalent bonds.
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Metabolism
Discuss Catabolism |
Chemical reactions that break down complex compounds into simpler ones & release energy. Hydrolysis is a common catabolic reaction.
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What are the end products of Catabolism?
& more than 1/2 the energy released is transferred to? |
Carbon Dioxide, h2o & other waste products.
ATP which is then used to do cellular work. |
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Metabolism
What is Anabolism? |
Chemical reactions that join simple molecules together to from more complex molecules. Chemical reaction respnsble for anabolism is dehydration systhesis.
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Organic/Inorganic compounds
Describe Inorganic compounds |
few have carbon atoms & none have C-C or C-H bonds.
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Discuss Organic molecules
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Have at least 1 carbon atom & at least 1 C-C or C-H bond in each molecule. Often have functional groups attached to the carbon-containing core of the molecules,
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Discus water & name and describe the properties of water.
3 answer cards |
1-Polarity, allows h2o to act as an effective solvent ionizes 2-substances in solution. The solvent allow transportation of essential materials throughout the body,
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Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide are closely related to cellular respiration. Discuss oxygen & carbon dioxide
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o2 is required 2 complete decmposition reactions necessary 4 the release of energy in the body. co2 produced as a waste product & also helps maintain the appropriate acid-base balance in the body
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Describe electrolyes,
Positively charged ions are _____, neg charged ions are ______ |
Lrge groups of inorganic compounds that includes acids, bases, and salts. Substances that dissociate in solution to form ions. cations, anions.
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water answer 3
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High specific heat - h2o can lose & gain large amounts of heat w/ little change in its own temperature enables the body to maintain a relatively constant temperature
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What are common & important chemical substances that are chemical opposites?
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Acids & bases
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water answer 4
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High heat of vaporization _ h2o requires the absorption of significant amount of heat to change it from a liquid to a gas; allows the body to dissipate excess heat
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What are Buffers?
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They maintain the constancy of pH and Minimize changes in the concentrations of H+& OH- ions
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A reaction between an acid & a base to form a salt & water is called_____?
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A neutralization reaction.
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What is Salt?
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Compound that results from chemical interaction of an acid and a base.
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Organic Molecules
"Organic" means? |
Compounds that contain C-C or C-H bonds.
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Organic Molecules
Carbohydrates are described as. |
organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; commonly called sugars and starches.
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Organic Molecules
Name the 3 types of carbohydrates 2 answer cards |
Monosaccharides - simple sugars w/ short carbon chains; those w/ 6 carbons r hexoses(glucose) whereas those w/ 5 r pentoses(ribose, dioxyribose)
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Organic Molecules
Name the 3 types of carbohydrates |
Disaccharides & Polysaccharides - two (di-) or more (poly) simple sugars that are bonded together through a synthesis reaction.
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Organic Molecules
Proteins |
Answer card
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Organic Molecules
Lipids |
Answer card
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Organic Molecules
Lipids continued |
Answer card
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Organic Molecules
Nucleic acids & related molecules |
Answer card
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Organic Molecules
Nucleic acids & related molecules cont. |
Answer card
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Organic Molecules
Nucleic acids & related molecules cont. Name a nucleotide & what is it composed of? |
ATP, Composed of: Adenosine. Ribose - a pentose sugar. Adenine- a notrogen-containg molecule. Three phosphate units
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The number of protons in an atom's nucleus is the?
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Atomic number
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Adenine-thymine & guanine- cytosine are examples of _______ present in DNA
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Base pairs
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Atoms of the same element but with different atomic weights ( because their nuclei contain different numbers of neutrons) are?
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Isotopes
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Atoms with fewer than 8 electrons in the valence shell will attempt to lose, gain, or share electrons with other atoms to achieve stability is known as?
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The octet rule
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Any large molecule made of many identical small molecules are?
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Polymers
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Compounds of DNA & RNA that are composed of sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate is a?
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Nucleotide
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A chemical property that allows water to act as an effective solvent is?
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Polarity
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Large group of inorganic compounds including acids, bases, and salts.
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Electrolyte
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Protein, carbohydrate or lipid?
ribose |
carbohydrate
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Protein, carbohydrate or lipid?
steroids |
Lipid
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Protein, carbohydrate or lipid?
amino acids |
Protein
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Protein, carbohydrate or lipid?
glycerol |
lipid
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Protein, carbohydrate or lipid?
monosaccharides |
carbohydrate
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Protein, carbohydrate or lipid?
phospholipid |
lipid
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Protein, carbohydrate or lipid?
enzymes |
protein
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Breaks down larger food molecules in smaller units.
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Catabolism
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The form of energy that cells generally use.
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ATP
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Joins simple molecules together to form more complex ones.
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Anabolism
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Key reaction during anabolism
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Dehydration synthesis
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Litmus will turn red or blue in the presence of an acid?
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red
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The basic substance of each cell is?
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water
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Substances that accept hydrogen ions are referred to as.
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bases
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The constancy of the pH homeostatic mechanism is caused by the presence of substances called.
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Buffers
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Acids are also known as
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Proton donors
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Proteins are composed of _____ commonly occurring amino acids.
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20
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Name an important steroid
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cholesterol
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Identify important nucleic acids
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DNA RNA, Survival of humans as a species and survival of ever other species depends largely on these 2 nucleic acids.
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What are the building blocks of triglycerides?
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Glycerol (the same for each fat molecule) & fatty acids (different for each fat and determine the chemical nature)
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Identify why a phospholipid is an important molecule.
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because phopholipids can bridge, or or join two different chemical environments. The are hydroplilic (water loving) & hydro phobic (water fearing) and are a primary component of cell membranes
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What is the element that is present in all proteins but not in charbohydrates
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Nitrogen
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