Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Because of Wolff's law, curved bones are thickest where they are most likely to what?
|
bend and buckle
|
|
|
What happenes to the hyaline cartilage as a child grows?
|
hc on inside is digested away
|
|
|
Because of Wolff's law, large bony projections occur where what attach?
|
heavy active muscles
|
|
|
Broken bones push each other- fracture
|
impacted
|
|
|
In Wolff's law, neg. charges are what?
|
deposition
|
|
|
Hyaline cartilage is completely covered with what made by osteoblasts?
|
bone matrix
|
|
|
In Wolff's law, mechanical forces produce equivalent electrical signals which stimulate what?
|
growth of bone
|
|
|
What is the first step in repairing a fracture?
|
hematoma forms
|
|
|
In In Wolff's, elec. fields prevent PTH from what?
|
stimulating osteoclasts at fracture site
|
|
|
What is hematopoletic tissue?
|
red marrow
|
|
|
What is wolff's law?
|
bone grows/remodels in response to the forces/stresses on it
|
|
|
How are fractures treated?
|
reduction (realignment)
|
|
|
Because of Wolff's law, long bones become thickest where?
|
midway along the shaft
|
|
|
What kind of tissue contains osteoblasts and osteoclasts?
|
connective
|
|
|
Electrical signal (Wolff's law) proportional to what?
|
applied force
|
|
|
For optimal bone deposition we need what?
|
Ca, Mg, P, Vit: A,C,D
|
|
|
Load or force placed on long bones is usually in the form of what?
|
bending
|
|
|
What is the embryonic skeleton mostly made up of?
|
hyaline cartilage
|
|
|
Bones can hollow due to lack of what?
|
force in the center
|
|
|
When PTH is secreted, what happens?
|
Ca is removed from the bones
|
|
|
The bone's anat reflects what?
|
stresses on it
|
|
|
Red marrow in adults is found only where?
|
Spongy bone
|
|
|
What is the last step in fracture repair?
|
remodeling; bony callus remodels into a stronger patch; caused by a MECHANICAL stimulus
|
|
|
As blood calcium levels decline, what is secreted?
|
PTH
|
|
|
In Wolff's law, pos. charges are what?
|
absorption
|
|
|
Fat tissue is also known as what?
|
yellow marrow
|
|
|
What is the second step of fracture repair (after hematoma)?
|
break is splintered by a fibrocartilage callus to close the gap
|
|
|
fragmented fracture
|
comminuted
|
|
|
Trabeculae of spongy bone act as trusses along lines of what?
|
compression
|
|
|
What determines where the bone attaches?
|
proximal/distal location
|
|
|
When the bony callus is formed (fract repair), what migrates to the area?
|
osteoblasts/clasts
|
|
|
open fracture
|
compound
|
|
|
Bending in long bones creates what on opposite sides?
|
tension/compression
|
|
|
What is the "liner" of the medullary cavity?
|
endosteum
|
|
|
Why is the middle of a bone hollow?
|
no force; not stimulated to make bone matrix
|
|
|
Closed fracture
|
simple
|
|
|
Force is minimal in what part of the long bone?
|
center
|
|
|
At birth, the only cartilage remaining is what kind of cartilage?
|
articular
|
|
|
What is the third step in fracture repair?
|
bony callus is formed
|
|
|
What takes over when PTH secretions stop?
|
osteoblasts
|
|
|
What occurs when yellow marrow in adults converts to red?
|
anemia
|
|
|
What happens when the bone is coaxed back into place by a physician?
|
closed reduction?
|
|
|
What is the point between the diaphysis and epiphysis?
|
Epipyseal line
|
|
|
Why does a hematoma form in repairing a fracture?
|
blood from ruptured vessels fill swelling
|
|
|
Short, irregular flat bones are like sandwiches made of thin plates of what?
|
periosteum covered compact bone (outside) and endosteum covered spongy layer (inside, "diploe")
|
|
|
Bone popped inward- fracture
|
depressed
|
|
|
Where is articular cartilage found?
|
ends of bones, epiphyseal plate
|
|
|
from twisting- fracture
|
spiral
|
|
|
What is the reminent of hyaline cartilage where childhood growth occurs?
|
Epipyseal line
|
|
|
What stimulates osteoclasts?
|
PTH hormone
|
|
|
What is the "sac" covering the diaphysis?
|
periosteum
|
|
|
As blood Calcium levels increase, what stops?
|
PTH secretions
|
|
|
What is the epiphysis made of?
|
spongy bone
|
|
|
Crushed bone- fracture
|
Compression
|
|
|
What is the end of a long bone called?
|
epiphysis
|
|
|
partial break- hyaline cart. - fracture
|
greenstick
|
|
|
What is the shaft of the bone called?
|
diaphysis
|
|
|
What happens whne surgery is needed (+pins, wires) to fix a fracture?
|
open reduction
|
|
|
What kind of marrow is found in adults?
|
yellow
|
|
|
What kind of fracture can be either simple or compound?
|
comminuted
|
|
|
Where is the bone marrow located?
|
medullary cavity
|
|
|
Cells closest to the diaphysis secrete what (lengthening in long bones..)?
|
calcified matrix
|
|
|
What is the diaphysis made of?
|
compact bone
|
|
|
How does the long bone lengthen?
|
cartilage cells divide, pushing plate away from diaphysis
|
|
|
What kind of marrow is found in children?
|
red
|
|
|
What regulates bone growth?
|
human growth hormone
|
|
|
Where does the lengthening of long bones occur?
|
epipyseal plate
|
|
|
The rate of deposition is highest when?
|
as a child
|
|
|
Where does the widening of long bones occur?
|
periosteum surrounding the diaphysis
|
|
|
Do depositing/removal of bone occur at the same time?
|
yes
|
|
|
How does a long bone widen?
|
osteoblasts form new osteons
|
|
|
Human growth hormone is secreted by what?
|
the thyroid gland
|
|
|
When are deposition and removal of bone about equal?
|
as an adult
|
