Anatomy Physiology Bio-163 10-11

Front 1

Regeneration of nerve fibers is more likely to occur in what area?

Back 1

Peripheral nervous system.

Front 2

The posterior cavity of the eyeball is filled with a jelly-like substance called?

Back 2

Vitreous humor

Front 3

Tree-like pattern seen in a cross section of the cerebellum is referred to as?

Back 3

Arbor Vitae

Front 4

RNA contains all but which of the following base nucleotides?

Back 4

Thymine

Front 5

The nerous system has three basic functions. What are they?

Back 5

Sensory
Integrative
Motor

Front 6

The color portion of the eye is known as?

Back 6

Iris

Front 7

What is true concerning cell membrane of nerve cell fibers during polarized state?

Back 7

Sodium is found predominantly outside the cell membrane when polarized. Potassium is found mostly on the inside of the cell membrane when polarized.

Front 8

Which portion of the retina produces the sharpest vision?

Back 8

Fovea centralis

Front 9

Roughly 75% of all neuron cell bodies are found?

Back 9

In the cerebral cortex.

Front 10

What photoreceptors are sensitive to color?

Back 10

Cones

Front 11

What portion of the meninges attaches directly to the brain and spinal cord? (Contains many nerves and blood vessels)

Back 11

Pia matter

Front 12

What is the last step in cellular respiration?

Back 12

Glycolysis

Front 13

Where are the oldfactory receptors located?

Back 13

Superior nasal concha

Front 14

Glucose--->pyruvic acid + coenzyme-a ---->___________?

Back 14

Acetylcoenzyme-A

Front 15

About how many ml's of cerebrospinal fluid are present in the normal adult at any one time?

Back 15

140 mls

Front 16

What is the name of Cranial nerve X (10)?

Back 16

Vagus

Front 17

What is a selective gateway for certain sensory impulses originating from other parts of the nervous system?

Back 17

Thalamus

Front 18

What cranial nerve innervates most of the organs found within the abdominal and thoracic cavities?

Back 18

X - 10th

Front 19

The cell body of a neuron is known as the?

Back 19

Perikaryon

Front 20

The Vestibulocochlear nerve is which cranial nerve?

Back 20

VIII - 8th

Front 21

What transmits impulses to the neuron cell body?

Back 21

Dendrites

Front 22

What portion of the brain is involved in interpreting impulses involved in the sense of dynamic equilibrium?

Back 22

Cerebellum

Front 23

The circular opening in the center of the iris is called the?

Back 23

Pupil

Front 24

Cartilage cells are found in chambers known as?

Back 24

Lacunae

Front 25

The organs of dynamic equilibrium are located in which of the following portions of the inner ear?

Back 25

Semicircular canals

Front 26

Contained in the membranous labyrith of the utricle and saccule is a patch of hair-cells and supporting cells called?

Back 26

Macula

Front 27

Which structure is located just above the cilia making up the receptors of the sense of hearing?

Back 27

Tectoral membrane

Front 28

What structure contains the sensory hairs involved in dynamic equilibrium?

Back 28

Ampulla

Front 29

The fluid contained between the osseous and membranous labyrith is called?

Back 29

Perilymph

Front 30

DNA is different from RNA in what way?

Back 30

DNA is double stranded.
DNA has a deoxyribose sugar.

Front 31

Which pigments are most sensitive to red light?

Back 31

Erythrolabe

Front 32

The function of a fibroblast is?

Back 32

Is to produce both yellow and white fibers.

Front 33

What is the upper compartment of the cochlea that leads from the oval window to the apex of the choclear spiral?

Back 33

Scala vestibuli

Front 34

What does oxygen do in the last step of the Kreb's cycle?

Back 34

It is the final electron acceptor and Hydrogen proton acceptor forming water.

Front 35

Which ossicle attaches to the eardrum?

Back 35

Malleus

Front 36

What substance is found within the gelatinous material of the otolithic membrane?

Back 36

Calcium carbonate crystals

Front 37

How many cranial nerves are involved in transmitting impulses associated with taste?

Back 37

3

Front 38

Rhodopsin is the visual pigment contained within rods. Upon exposure to light, it breaks down into?

Back 38

Dopsin
&
Retinal

Front 39

What is the sensitive portion of the taste bud receptor cells?

Back 39

Taste hairs

Front 40

What color pigments are sensitive to blue light waves?

Back 40

Cyanolabe

Front 41

In addition to the 4 primary taste receptors which are also thought to exist?

Back 41

Metallic
&
Alkaline

Front 42

The brain contains about how many neurons?

Back 42

100 billion

Front 43

How many spinal nerves are there?

Back 43

31

Front 44

The inner ear is a complex system of intercommunicating chambers and tubes called?

Back 44

Labyrinth

Front 45

What are the layers of the meninges?

Back 45

Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
Dura mater

Front 46

What forms the deep bridge of nerve fibers connecting the cerebral hemispheres?

Back 46

Corpus callosum

Front 47

When two or more impulses are added together to generate an impulse this is referred to as?

Back 47

Facilitation

Front 48

The innermost portion of the Schwann cell as it wraps around an axon is termed?

Back 48

Myelin sheath

Front 49

What neuroglial cells phagocytize foreign materials such as bacteria in the nervous system?

Back 49

Microglia

Front 50

The nervous system consists of?

Back 50

Blood vessels
Chondrocytes
Nerve Cells

Front 51

The space between the cornea and the lens which provides nutrients and maintains the shape of the front of the eye and contains fluid is?

Back 51

Aqueous humor

Front 52

Where are neurotransmitters normally stored?

Back 52

At the ends of axons in vesicles (boutons).

Front 53

The centers for controlling vomiting, sneezing, coughing, and swallowing are found in?

Back 53

Medulla oblongata

Front 54

What neurotransmitter is secreted by the postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system?

Back 54

Epinephrine

Front 55

On the underside of the brain the optic nerves cross. This area is called?

Back 55

Optic Chiasma

Front 56

Where is the tentorium cerebelli found?

Back 56

Between the occipital lobes and the cerebellum.

Front 57

There are about 10,000 taste buds located on the human tongue which contain how many taste cells each?

Back 57

60-100

Front 58

Where is the vestibule located?

Back 58

Between the cochlea and semicircular canals.

Front 59

A series of interconnected cavities located within the cerebral hemispheres & the brain stem are?

Back 59

Ventricles

Front 60

As a person moves from a lower to a higher altitude what is true about the tympanic membrane?

Back 60

It is forced outward toward the auditory canal.

Front 61

Functions of the cerebrospinal fluid include?

Back 61

Protection
Provide nutrients to internal nervous system structure.
Pathway for metabolic waste products back into blood.

Front 62

What has dendrites that have rounded knobs covered with cilia at their distal ends?

Back 62

Olfactory receptors

Front 63

What area of the brain controls blood pressure, temp, sleep, wakefullness, and secretes more hormones than any other structure?

Back 63

Hypothalamus

Front 64

Which neuropeptides transmit pain impulses?

Back 64

Substance-P

Front 65

Light touch and heavy pressure senses use which types of receptors?

Back 65

Meisner's corpuscles
&
Pacinian corpuscles

Front 66

What is the only neuroglial cell found in the perepheral nervous system?

Back 66

Schwann Cells

Front 67

Lobes of the cerebrum include?

Back 67

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal

Front 68

Neurons that have many dendrites and only one axon are termed?

Back 68

Multipolar

Front 69

Short term memory is thought to be the result of?

Back 69

Electrical activity and chemical activity.

Front 70

What is the large mass of brain tissue located below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum and posterior to the ponds and medulla oblongata?

Back 70

Cerebellum

Front 71

Following the passage of a nerve impulse the stimulus will not trigger an impulse regardless of strenght of stimulus applied this is referred to as?

Back 71

Absolute refractory period.

Front 72

When sodium ions rush inside the membrane of a cell causing the inside of the cell membrane to become + charged what is this referred to as?

Back 72

Depolarization

Front 73

The autonomic nervous system is part of the _______ system that functions independently without conscious effort.

Back 73

Peripheral

Front 74

What connects various regions of the brain with each other?

Back 74

Association areas

Front 75

What is the largest portion of the brain?

Back 75

Cerebrum

Front 76

Between the adjacent Schwann cells are gaps or spaces were they do not touch what are these spaces called?

Back 76

Nodes of Ranvier

Front 77

The taste and smell receptors are examples of what type receptors?

Back 77

Chemoreceptors

Front 78

What neurotransmitter is secreted by both the pre and postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Back 78

Acetylcholine

Front 79

What sdtructures contains the visual receptor cells?

Back 79

Retina

Front 80

The insula is also known as?

Back 80

Island of Reil

Front 81

What cells produce myelin sheaths in the Central Nervous System?

Back 81

Oligodendrocytes

Front 82

How many ventricles are found in the adult brain?

Back 82

4

Front 83

What is the functions of Neuroglial cells (glial cells)?

Back 83

Produce growth factors.
Remove excess ions that accumulate between neurons.
Possible send and receive sensory impulses.

Front 84

Venous blood returning from the brain is first collected in which structure?

Back 84

Dural sinuses

Front 85

What are the primary taste receptors?

Back 85

Salty
Sweet
Sour
Bitter

Front 86

How would you describe the autonomic nervous system?
Voluntary or Involuntary

Back 86

Involuntary

Front 87

Unmyelinated nerve tissue appears?

Back 87

Gray in color

Front 88

A nerve impulse being transmitted jumps across the Nodes of Ranvier. What type of conduction is this?

Back 88

Salatory

Front 89

Which is the largest of the ventricles in the brain?

Back 89

Lateral

Front 90

What portion of the brain provides the higher brain functions such as voluntary muscular movement, memory, and reasoning?

Back 90

Cerebrum

Front 91

The first pair of cranial nerves, the oldfactory nerves are associated with?

Back 91

Smell

Front 92

The ucus membrane that lines the inner surfaces of the eyelids and folds back to cover the anterior surface of the eyeball is?

Back 92

Conjunctiva

Front 93

Between the arachnoid and pia maters is a subarachnoid space that contains?

Back 93

Cerebrospinal fluid

Front 94

When the stimulus threshold has been met and an impulse is being carried, this is referred to as?

Back 94

Action Potential

Front 95

The vestibule is composed of what chambers located within the membranous labyrinth?

Back 95

Utricle
&
Saccule

Front 96

Afferent neurons are called?

Back 96

Sensory

Front 97

What sensory receptors responds to pressure changes such as blood pressure?

Back 97

Baroreceptors

Front 98

Sensory areas for pain, touch, temp, pressure, are located in what region of the brain?

Back 98

Parietal

Front 99

Which structures connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?

Back 99

Infundibulum

Front 100

What neuroglial cells metabolize glucose and may actually transfer nutrients from blood to the neurons?

Back 100

Astrocytes

Front 101

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there in humans?

Back 101

12

Front 102

A single neuron may receive impulses from two or more nerve fibers from different areas of the brain this is called?

Back 102

Convergence

Front 103

The autonomic nervous system includes what branches?

Back 103

Systomatic and parasympathetic.

Front 104

The primary motor areas of the brain are located in which lobe of the cerebrum?

Back 104

Frontal lobe

Front 105

A shallow groove is called a?

Back 105

Sulci

Front 106

What is the function of sensory neurons?

Back 106

They carry sensory info from the various body parts to the CNS.