Anatomy/physiology 3 (Part 3)

Front 1

The major function of the respiratory system is to:

Back 1

Supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide.

Front 2

In order for the reparatory system to supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide, these 4 processes must occur:

Back 2

- Pulmonary ventilation

- External respiration

- Transport of respiratory gases

- Internal respiration

Front 3

What is Pulmonary ventilation?

Back 3

It is air movement in and out of the lungs so that gases in the air sacs of the lungs are constantly changing and refreshed. aka: Breathing in and out.

Front 4

What is External respiration?

Back 4

This is the gas exchange (O2 and CO2) between the blood and the air sacs in the lungs.

Front 5

What is Transport of respiratory gases?

Back 5

The use of the cardiovascular system, which transports O2 and CO2 between the lungs and tissue cells in the body.

Front 6

What is Internal Respiration?

Back 6

At systemic capillaries, gas exchange must be made between the blood and tissue cells.

Front 7

What is the only externally visible part of the respiratory system?

Back 7

The nose and nasal cavity.

Front 8

On the nose, what is the area between the eyebrows?

Back 8

Root

Front 9

On the nose, what is the area on the anterior margin?

Back 9

The Bridge and Dorsum Nasi

Front 10

On the nose, what is the Apex?

Back 10

The tip of the nose

Front 11

On the nose, what is the area are the vertical groove just inferior to the apex?

Back 11

The Philtrum

Front 12

What are the Nostrils also known as?

Back 12

The External Nares

Front 13

On the nose, what is the area is lateral to the nostrils?

Back 13

The ala of nose

Front 14

The Nasal Septum:

Back 14

- Divides the nasal cavity

- Formed anteriorly by hyaline cartilage and posteriorly by the vomer bone and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone.

Front 15

Internal Nares:

Back 15

The nasal cavity is continuous posteriorly with the nasal portion of the pharynx through internal nares (also called posterior nares.)

Front 16

Roof of the nasal cavity:

Back 16

Formed by the ethmoid and sphenoid bones of the skull.

Front 17

Floor (palate) of the nasal cavity:

Back 17

Separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity. Maxilla and Palatine bone fuse.

Front 18

Vestibule:

Back 18

Just superior to the nostrils.

Lined with skin containing oil and sweat glands and hair follicles.

Front 19

The superior, middle and inferior conchae:

Back 19

Increase the surface area of the nasal cavity, allows more dust, particles, etc. to become trapped so it does not enter the lungs.

Front 20

The roof of the nasal cavity contains ____________ receptors.

Back 20

Olfactory Receptors

Front 21

What are the 4 paranasal sinuses present around the nasal cavity?

Back 21

- Frontal Paranasal

- Maxillary Paranasal

- Sphenoidal Paranasal

- Ethmoidal Paranasal

Front 22

What are the functions of the nose and paranasal sinuses?

Back 22

- Provide an airway for respiration

- They both produce mucus for filtration of air

- Superficial blood vessels in the p/s and nasal cavity help to warm and moisten air.

- Olfactory receptors for smell (nose)

- Both serve as resonant chambers for the production of speech and the sinuses lighten the skull.

Front 23

What is the pharynx?

Back 23

The funnel-shaped tube that connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx and esophagus and is a common passageway for food and air.

Front 24

The pharynx is also called the ______________

Back 24

Throat.

It's 13cm long from the base of the skull to C6.

Front 25

What are the 3 subdivisions of the Pharynx?

Back 25

- Nasopharynx

- Oropharynx

- Laryngopharynx

Front 26

Nasopharynx:

Back 26

Located posterior to the nasal cavity, inferior to the sphenoid bone and superior to the soft palate. The nasopharynx connects the back of your nose to the back of your mouth. Serves only as an airway. Pharyngeal tonsils located here. see more in notes: pg.20 A/P 3

Front 27

Oropharynx:

Back 27

Lies posterior to the oral cavity and extends inferiorly from the soft palate to the epiglottis and has both respiratory and digestive function. Palatine tonsils are located here.

Front 28

Back 28

Lies posterior to the epiglottis and extends to the larynx and has both respiratory and digestive functions (air + food.)

Front 29

Where are the lingual tonsils located?

Back 29

Over the base of the tongue.

Front 30

What are tonsils for?

Back 30

To help expose inhaled antigens to the immune system.

(Pg. 20 notes)