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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the 3 abnormalities of the spine. |
Kyphosis, Lordosis, Scoliosis |
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Name the 3 structures of the vertebral column |
Vertebral body, Vertebral arch, Articulation Process |
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What are the 4 parts of the vertebral arch? |
Pedicle, Laminae, Spinous process, Transverse process |
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Name the two types of the articulation process. |
Superior articulation process and inferior articulation process. |
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Where is the intervertebral foramina located and what is its function? |
Gaps between the pedicle of adjacent vertebrae and they are for nerve connections to spinal cord. |
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How is the vertebral canal formed and what does it do? |
It is formed by vertebral foramina and it encloses the spinal cord. |
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What is intervertebral disc and what does it do? |
Pads of fibrous cartilage. It separates vertebral bodies and absorbs shock. |
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What are the 5 regions of the vertebral column? |
Cervical (C), Thoracic (T), Lumbar (L), Sacral (S), Coccygeal (CO) |
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Name the characteristics of cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)? |
Small body (support head only). Large verteberal foramen. Concave superior surface. Slopes posterior to anterior. C1 (atlas) has no spinous process. All others have short spinous processes. Tip of each spinous process is notched (bifid). |
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What is transverse process and where is it located? |
Fused to costal process which encircles the transverse foramina (protect arteries and veins). |
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What is Atlas (C1)? |
Articulates with the occipital condyle of the skull. Has no body or spinous process. Has a large, round foramen. |
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What is Axis (C2)? |
Supports the atlas. Has heavy spinous process. Attaches muscles of head and neck. |
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Atlas & axis bodies fuse during development to form the _________. |
Dens. |
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What is vertebral prominent (C7)? |
Transition to thoracic vertebrae. Long spinous process with broad tubercles. Has a large transverse process. |
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_________ extends from C7 to skull. |
Ligamentum nuchae or Elastic ligament |
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What are the characteristics of the Thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)? |
Heart shaped bodies. Larger bodies than C1-C7. Smaller vertebral foramen than C1-C7. Long, slender spinous process. Dorsolateral surfaces of the body have facets which articulate with head of the ribs. |
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What are the characteristics of the Lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)? |
Largest vertebrae. Oval shaped body. Thicker bodies than T1-T12. Smaller vertebral foramen than T1-T12. No costal or transverse costal facets. Triangular vertebral foramen. Superior articular process is face up and it and inferior articular process is face down and out. |
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What are the characteristics of the sacrum? |
Curved, more in men than woman. It protects reproductive, urinary, and digestive organs. Attaches axial skeleton to pelvic girdle and broad muscles to move the thigh. |
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The adult sacrum has _____ fused sacral vertebrae and it fuses between _______ & ages _______. |
5, puberty, 25-30
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What are the 4 regions of sacrum and where are they located? |
Base: broad superior surface Ala: Wings at either sides of the base Sacral promontory: Center of base Apex: Narrow inferior portion articulate w/coccyx |
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What does the skeleton of the chest do and what 3 parts does it have? |
Supports thoracic cavity 1. Thoracic vertebrae 2. Ribs 3. Sternum |
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The rib cage is formed of _______ & _________ . |
Ribs & Sternum |
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How many ribs are there, where are they located and what are the two types? |
12 Extend from thoracic vertebrae True ribs & False ribs |
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What are ribs 1-7 called? What are ribs 8-12 called? |
True ribs False ribs |
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Where are true ribs located and how are they connected to the sternum? |
Vertebrosternal ribs and are connected to the sternum by costal cartilage. |
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what are false ribs? |
They do not attach to the sternum directly. |
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What are vertebrochondral ribs? |
Ribs 8-10 Fuse together when they merge with cartilage before reaching the sternum. |
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What are floating ribs? |
Ribs 11-12 Connected to vertebrae and back muscle only Do not have connection with sternum |
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What is the characteristic of the sternum? |
It is a flat bone and is location on the midline of thoracic wall. |
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What are the 3 parts of the sternum? |
1. Manubrium 2. Sternal body 3. Xiphoid process |
