Anatomy Of Urinary System

Front 1

The kidney is referred to as an excretory organ because it excretes _______ wastes.

Back 1

Nitrogenous

Front 2

The kidney is also a major homeostatic organ because it maintains the electrolyte, ______ and ______ balance of the blood.

Back 2

*Acid (base)

*pH

Front 3

Urine is continuously formed by the ________ and is routed down the ________ by the mechanism of ________ to a storage organ called the _________.

Back 3

*kidneys

*ureters

*panstalsis

*bladder

Front 4

Eventually, the urine is conducted to the body _______ by the urethra.

Back 4

exterior

Front 5

In the male, the urethra is _______ long and tansports both urine and ________?

Back 5

*20 centimeters

*sperm

Front 6

The female urethra is _________ long and transports only urine?

Back 6

4 centimeters

Front 7

Voiding or emptying the bladder is called ________.

Back 7

Micturation

Front 8

Voiding has both voluntary and involuntary components. The voluntary sphincter is the ________ sphincter. An inability to control this sphincter I referred to as ________?

Back 8

*External

*Incontinence

Front 9

What is the function of the fat cushion that surrounds the kidneys in life?

Back 9

Perirenal fat capsules anchor the kidneys to the dorsal body wall in a retroperitoneal position and cushions it against blows.

Front 10

Kidneys are less securely anchored and drop to a more inferior position called?

Back 10

ptosis

Front 11

Why is incontinence a normal phenomenon in the child under 1.5 to 2 years old?

Back 11

because they have not gained muscle control over their external sphincter yet.

Front 12

What events may lead to its incontinence in the adult.

Back 12

Spinal cord injury, emotional problems, bladder irritability, or some other pathology of the urinary tract.

Front 13

Smooth membrane, tightly adherent to the kidney surface.

Back 13

Fibrous capsule

Front 14

Portion of the kidney containing mostly collecting ducts.

Back 14

Medulla

Front 15

Portion of the kidney containing the bulk of the nephron structures.

Back 15

cortex

Front 16

superficial region of kidney tissue

Back 16

cortex

Front 17

basinlike area of the kidney, continuous with the ureter.

Back 17

renal pelvis

Front 18

a cup-shaped extension of the pelvis that encircles the apex of a pyramid

Back 18

minor calyx

Front 19

area of cortical tissue running between the medullary pyramids

Back 19

renal column

Front 20

site of filtrate formation

Back 20

glomerulus

Front 21

primary site of tubular reabsorption

Back 21

proximal convulated tubule

Front 22

structure that conveys the processed filtrate (urine) to the renal pelvis

Back 22

distal convulated tubule

Front 23

blood supply that directly receives substances from the tubular cells

Back 23

peritubular capillaries

Front 24

its inner (visceral) membrane forms part of the filtration membrane

Back 24

glomerular capsule

Front 25

A drop of blood enters the kidney via the renal artery and leaves through the ______ _____?

Back 25

renal vein.

Front 26

Region of nephron that plays an important role in forming concentrated urine.

Back 26

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Front 27

What substance is responsible for the normal yellow color of urine?

Back 27

Urochrome

Front 28

Name 3 constituents that might be present if a urinary tract infection exists.

Back 28

*WBC's (pus)

*RBC's

*CASTS

Front 29

How does a urinary tract infection influence urine pH?

Back 29

Alkaline

Front 30

How does starvation influence urine pH?

Back 30

Acid

Front 31

Presence of erythrocytes in the urine

Back 31

hematuria

Front 32

Presence of hemoglobin in the urine

Back 32

hemoglobinuria

Front 33

presence of glucose in the urine

Back 33

glycosuria

Front 34

presence of albumin in the urine

Back 34

albuminuria

Front 35

presence of ketone bodies (acetone and others) in the urine

Back 35

ketonuria

Front 36

presence of pus (white blood cells) in the urine

Back 36

pyuria

Front 37

what are renal calculi, and what conditions favor their formation?

Back 37

Kidney stones; urinary retention, urinary tract infection, and alkaline urine

Front 38

Low specific gravity causes what?

Back 38

Diabetes Insipidus

Front 39

High specific gravity causes what?

Back 39

Kidney stones, Diabetes mellitus, pyelonephritis, gonorrhea

Front 40

Glucose causes

Back 40

Diabetes mellitus; eating a 5lb box of sweets for lunch.

Front 41

albumin causes

Back 41

glomerulonephritis; pregnancy exertion.

Front 42

Blood cells cause what?

Back 42

kidney stones; cystis

Front 43

hemoglobin causes what?

Back 43

hemolytic anemias

Front 44

Bilirubin causes what?

Back 44

hepatitis; cirrhosis of liver

Front 45

ketone bodies cause what?

Back 45

Diabetes mellitus; starvation

Front 46

casts cause what?

Back 46

glomerulonephritis; pyelonephritis

Front 47

pus causes what?

Back 47

Pyelonephritis; gonorrhea; cystis