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177 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pronator teres:
Origin |
Medial epicondyle of the humerus.
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Pronator teres:
Insertion |
Lateral side of the shaft of the radius.
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Pronator teres:
Nerve supply |
Median nerve.
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Pronator teres:
Action |
Pronates the forearm. Flexes the elbow joint.
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Pronator quadratus:
Origin |
Lower quarter oaf anterior surface of ulna.
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Pronator quadratus:
Insertion |
Anterior surface of radius.
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Pronator quadratus:
Nerve supply |
Anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median nerve).
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Pronator quadratus:
Action |
Pronates the forearm.
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Brachioradialis:
Origin |
Upper two-thirds of lateral supracondylar ridge and lateral intermuscular septum.
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Brachioradialis:
Insertion |
Just above styloid process of radius.
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Brachioradialis:
Nerve supply |
Radial nerve.
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Brachioradialis:
Action |
Flexes the elbow and rotates the forearm from either prone or supine position to mid-prone-supine position.
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Flexor carpi radialis:
Origin |
Medial epicondyle of the humerus.
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Flexor carpi radialis:
Insertion |
Base of second and third metacarpals.
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Flexor carpi radialis:
Nerve supply |
Median nerve.
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Flexor carpi radialis:
Action |
Flexes the wrist
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Palmaris longus:
Origin |
Medial epicondyle of humerus.
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Palmaris longus:
Insertion |
Palmar fascia.
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Palmaris longus:
Nerve supply |
Median nerve.
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Palmaris longus:
Action |
Flexes the wrist.
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Flexor carpi ulnaris:
Origin |
From the medial epicondyle and the olecranon and upper two-thirds of posterior border of ulna.
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Flexor carpi ulnaris:
Insertion |
Pisiform bone.
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Flexor carpi ulnaris:
Nerve supply |
Ulnar nerve.
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Flexor carpi ulnaris:
Action |
Flexes and adducts the wrist.
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Flexor digitorum superficialis:
Origin |
From the medial epicondyle, tubercle on the medial side of coronoid process of ulna and the anterior border of radius.
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Flexor digitorum superficialis:
Insertion |
Splits into four tendons at wrist. Inserted into sides of middle phalanges.
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Flexor digitorum superficialis:
Nerve supply |
Median nerve.
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Flexor digitorum superficialis:
Action |
Flexes proximal interphalangeal joints of the fingers.
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Flexor digitorum profundus:
Origin |
Upper three-quarters of anterior and medial surface of ulna and interosseous membrane.
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Flexor digitorum profundus:
Insertion |
Base of terminal phalanges.
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Flexor digitorum profundus:
Nerve supply |
Anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve) and ulnar nerve (medial part).
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Flexor digitorum profundus:
Action |
Flexes fingers and wrist.
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Flexor pollicis longus:
Origin |
Anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane.
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Flexor pollicis longus:
Insertion |
Terminal phalanx of thumb.
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Flexor pollicis longus:
Nerve supply |
Anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve).
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Flexor pollicis longus:
Action |
Flexes terminal phalanx of thumb.
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Trapezius:
Origin |
Nuchal ligament, skull, C7-T12
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Trapezius:
Insertion |
lateral third of clavicle, spine of scapula, acromion
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Trapezius:
Nerve Supply |
Spinal Accessory Nerve CN XI
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Trapezius:
Action |
Elevate, retract, depress scapula
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Latissimus Dorsi:
Origin |
T7-sacrum, iliac crest, lower 3-4 ribs
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Latissimus Dorsi:
Insertion |
intertubercular groove (Lady between two majors)
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Latissimus Dorsi:
Nerve Supply |
Thoracodorsal nerve (C6,7,8)
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Latissimus Dorsi:
Action |
extend, adduct, medially rotate arm
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Rhomboid Major:
Origin |
T2-T5
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Rhomboid Major:
Insertion |
medial border scapula from spine to inferior angle
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Rhomboid Major:
Action |
Retract scapula, rotate to depress glenoid cavity
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Rhomboid Major:
Nerve Supply |
Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5)
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Rhomboid Minor:
Origin |
Spinous process of C7-T1
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Rhomboid Minor:
Insertion |
Medial border of scapula superior to spine
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Rhomboid Minor:
Action |
Retract scapula, rotate to depress glenoid cavity
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Rhomboid Minor:
Nerve supply |
Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5)
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Deltoid:
Origin |
Lateral third clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
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Deltoid:
Insetion |
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
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Deltoid:
Action |
clavicular: flex/medially rotate arm, acromial: abducts arm, spinal: extend/laterally rotate arm
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Deltoid:
Nerve Supply |
Axillary Nerve (C5-6)
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Supraspinatus:
Origin |
Supraspinous fossa
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Supraspinatus:
Insertion |
superior greater tubercle of humerus
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Supraspinatus:
Action |
Abduct arm first 90, rotator cuff
Part of SITS |
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Supraspinatus:
Nerve Supply |
Suprascapular Nerve (C4-6)
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Infraspinatus:
Origin |
Infraspinous fossa
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Infraspinatus:
Insertion |
middle greater tubercle of humerus
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Infraspinatus:
Action |
Laterally rotates arm, rotator cuff
Part of SITS |
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Infraspinatus:
Nerver Supply |
Suprascapular Nerve (C5-6)
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Teres Minor:
Origin |
upper lateral border of scapula
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Teres Minor:
Insertion |
interior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
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Teres Minor:
Action |
laterally rotates arm, rotator cuff
Part of SITS |
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Teres Minor:
Nerve Supply |
Axillary Nerve (C5-6)
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Teres Major:
Origin |
inferior angle of scapula
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Teres Major:
Insertion |
medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus (Lady between two majors)
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Teres Major:
Action |
adducts and medially rotates arm
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Teres Major:
Nerve Supply |
Lower Subscapular Nerve (C5-6)
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Subscapularis:
Origin |
subscapular fossa
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Subscapularis:
Insertion |
lesser tubercle of humerus
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Subscapularis:
Action |
medially rotates arm, rotator cuff
Part of SITS |
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Subscapularis:
Nerve Suppy |
Upper and Lower Subscapular Nerve (C5-7)
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Levator Scapulae:
Origin |
C1-C4
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Levator Scapulae:
Insertion |
medial border of the scapula, superior angle to the spine
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Levator Scapulae:
Action |
elevates scapula, rotates glenoid cavity inferiorly
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Levator Scapulae:
Nerve Supply |
Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5), Cervical Nerve (C3-4)
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Biceps Brachii:
Origin |
Short head: coracoid process, Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
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Biceps Brachii:
Insertion |
radial tuberosity
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Biceps Brachii:
Action |
flexes elbow, long head flexes arm, strong supinator when arm is flexed
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Biceps Brachii:
Nerve Supply |
Musculocutaneous (C5,C6)
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Pectoralis Major:
Origin |
medial 1/2 clavicle, sternum, ribs 2-6
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Pectoralis Major:
Insertion |
lateral intertubercular groove of humerus (Lady between two majors)
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Pectoralis Major:
Action |
Flexes, adducts, medially rotates arm
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Pectoralis Major:
Nerve Supply |
Medial (C8-T1) and Lateral Pectoral Nerves (C5-C7)
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Pectoralis Minor:
Origin |
ribs 3-5
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Pectoralis Minor:
Insertion |
coracoid process
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Pectoralis Minor:
Action |
Draws scapula forward, medially, downward
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Pectoralis Minor:
Nerve Supply |
Medial Pectoral Nerve (C8-T1)
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Coracobrachialis:
Origin |
coracoid process
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Coracobrachialis:
Insertion |
mid shaft of humerus
flexes shoulder and adducts arm |
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Coracobrachialis:
Action |
resists shoulder dislocation
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Coracobrachialis:
Nerve Supply |
Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5-6)
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Brachialis:
Origin |
mid shaft humerus
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Brachialis:
Insertion |
ulnar tuberosity
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Brachialis:
Action |
flexes elbow
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Brachialis:
Nerve Supply |
Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5-6)
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Triceps:
Origin |
Long head: infraaglenoid tubercle,
lateral head: superior radial groove, medial head: inferior radial groove |
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Triceps:
Insertion |
olecranon of ulna
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Triceps:
Action |
extends forearm
long head: extends/adducts arm |
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Triceps:
Nerve Supply |
Radial Nerve (C5-T1)
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Musculocutaneous Nerve Innervates:
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Biceps Brachii
Coracobrachialis (pierces here) Brachialis |
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Radial Nerve Innervates:
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Superficial: Brachioradialis, ECRL, sensory dorsal hand
Deep: Extensors, Abductor Pollicus Longus, Supinator(penetrates) Upper: Triceps Triangular interval with profunda brachial artery |
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Axillary Nerve Innervates:
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Teres Minor, Deltoid, Superolateral Arm
Quadrangular space with circumflex humeral artery |
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Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (ECRB):
Origin |
Common extensor origin (lateral epicondyle)
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Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (ECRB):
Insertion |
base of 3rd metacarpal
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Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (ECRB):
Action |
Extension of wrist, abduction
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Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (ECRB):
Nerve Supply |
Deep Radial Nerve (C7)
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Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (ECRL):
Origin |
Common extensor origin (lateral epicondyle)
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Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (ECRL):
Insertion |
base of 2nd metacarpal
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Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (ECRL):
Action |
Extension of wrist, abduction
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Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (ECRL):
Nerve Supply |
Radial Nerve (C6-C7)
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Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU):
Origin |
Common extensor origin (lateral epicondyle)
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Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU):
Insertion |
base of 5th metacarpal
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Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU):
Action |
Extension of wrist, abduction
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Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU):
Nerve Supply |
Deep Radial Nerve (C7)
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Brachioradialis:
Origin |
Brachium of humerus
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Brachioradialis:
Insertion |
styloid of radius
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Brachioradialis:
Action |
Flexion of elbow when in partially pronated position
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Brachioradialis:
Nerver Supply |
Superficial Radial Nerve (C6)
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Thoracodorsal Nerve Innervates:
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latissimus dorsi
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Subscapular Nerve (Upper and Lower) Innervates:
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Upper: Subscapularis
Lower: Subscapularis, Teres Major |
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Lateral Pectoral Nerve Innervates:
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Pectoralis Major
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Ulnar Nerve Innervates:
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FCU, FDP (ulnar half), abductor digiti minimi m., flexor digiti minimi brevis m., opponens digiti minimi m., ulnar 2 lumbrical mm., palmar and dorsal interosseous mm
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Medial Pectoral Nerve Innervates:
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Pectoralis Major and Minor
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Median Nerve Innervates:
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pronator teres m., flexor carpi radialis m., palmaris longus m., FDS, FDP (radial half), flexor pollicis longus m., pronator quadratus m., abductor pollicis brevis m., flexor pollicis brevis m., opponens pollicis m., lateral 2 lumbrical mm.
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Long Thoracic Nerve Innervates:
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Serratus Anterior
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Suprascapular Nerve Innervates:
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Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus
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Dorsal Scapular Nerve Innervates:
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Rhomboids, Levator Scapulae
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Injury to Upper Trunk (C5/C6)
Causes:breech birth, violent displacement of head from shoulder Effects:Proximal weakness of arm-->loss of abduction, flexion, and lateral rotation-->waiter's tip hand (arm in medial rotation, loss of lateral rotator function) |
Erb's Palsy
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Carpal Bones
Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle |
Thumb to pinkie:
Proximal: Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform Distal: Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate |
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Injury: overuse of ECRL and ECRB, lateral epicondylitis
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Tennis Elbow
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Anconeous:
Origin |
lateral epicondyle
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Anconeous:
Insertion |
olecranon and upper 1/4 of ulna
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Anconeous:
Action |
extends forearm
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Anconeous:
Nerve Supply |
Radial Nerve (C5-T1)
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Injury: overuse of flexors, medial epicondylitis
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Golfer's Elbow
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Extensor Digitorum (Communis, ED):
Origin |
Lateral epicondyle
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Extensor Digitorum (Communis, ED):
Action |
Extends fingers and hand
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Extensor Digitorum (ED):
Nerve Supply |
Radial Nerve
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Extensor Digitorum (Communis, ED):
Insertion |
Extensor expansion of proximal 4 digits before PIP
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Extensor Digitorum (Communis, ED):
Insertion |
Extensor expansion of proximal 4 digits before PIP
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Extensor Digiti Minimi (EDM):
Origin |
Lateral epicondyle and interosseus membrane
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Extensor Digiti Minimi (EDM):
Insertion |
extensor expansion, base of middle and distal phalanges of 5th digit
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Extensor Digiti Minimi (EDM):
Action |
Extends little finger, adducts
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Extensor Digiti Minimi (EDM):
Nerve Supply |
Extensor Digiti Minimi (EDM):
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Sign of radial nerve injury--> can't extend wrist/fingers
High lesion: curled up triceps as well (supinator dead but can supinate with bicep) Low lesion: Policeman's tip |
Wrist drop
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Space: surgical neck of humerus, long head triceps, teres minor, teres major
Contains axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery |
Quadrangular Space
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Space: teres major, teres minor, long head triceps
contains circumflex scapular artery |
triangular space
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Space: teres major, long head of triceps, mid-shaft humerus
contains radial nerve and profunda brachii artery |
Triangular Interval
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Area: Tendons of EPL (medial) and EPB/APL (lateral)
styloid of radius (proximal) scaphoid and trapezium (floor) contains radial artery-->pulse Check here for fractured Scaphoid |
Anatomical Snuffbox
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Extensor Indicis (EI):
Origin |
Distal third of ulna and interosseous membrane
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Extensor Indicis (EI):
Insertion |
extensor expansion of 2nd digit
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Extensor Indicis (EI):
Action |
Extends 2nd digit independently, helps extend wrist
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Extensor Indicis (EI):
Nerve Supply |
Posterior Interosseous Nerve (Deep Radial, C7)
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Supinator:
Origin |
Lateral epicondyle/radial collateral, annular ligaments
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Supinator:
Insertion |
proximal third of radius
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Supinator:
Action |
Supinates forearm, rotates forearm when elbow is flexed
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Supinator:
Nerve Supply |
Deep Radial Nerve (C8)
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Abductor Pollicis Longus (APL):
Origin |
Posterior proximal ulna, radius, interosseous membrane
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Abductor Pollicis Longus (APL):
Insertion |
Base of 1st metacarpal
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Abductor Pollicis Longus (APL):
Acion |
Abduct/extend thumb at CM joint
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Abductor Pollicis Longus (APL):
Nerve Supply |
Posterior Interosseous Nerve (Deep Radial, C8)
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Extensor Pollicis Longus (EPL):
origin |
Posterior middle 1/3 ulna and interosseous membrane
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Extensor Pollicis Longus (EPL):
Insertion |
Base and distal phalanx of thumb
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Extensor Pollicis Longus (EPL):
Action |
Extends thumb at IP, MP, and CM joints
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Extensor Pollicis Longus (EPL):
Nerve Supply |
Posterior Interosseous Nerve (Deep Radial, C8)
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Extensor Pollicis Brevis (EPB):
Origin |
Posterior distal third radius and interosseous membrane
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Extensor Pollicis Brevis (EPB):
Insertion |
proximal phalanx of thumb
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Extensor Pollicis Brevis (EPB):
Action |
Extends thumb at MP and CM joints
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Extensor Pollicis Brevis (EPB):
Nerve Supply |
Posterior Interosseous Nerve (Deep Radial, C8)
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Extensor Retinaculum
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Prevents extensor tendons bowing out
Covers dorsal wrist joint |
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Injury: Lower Trunk injury (C8-T1, Ulnar Nerve)
Causes: breech delivery (birth palsy/obstetric paralysis), cervical rib, abnormal insertion or spasm of scalene muscles Effects: Claw Hand |
Klumpke's Paralysis
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Injury to median nerve (C5-7)
Causes: supracondylar fracture or compression of carpal tunnel Effects: lose pronation, thumb opposition, lateral two IPs, impair two medial IPs. Flattening of thenar muscles |
Ape Hand
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