Anatomy Of Movement Chapter 1

Front 1

midsagittal (median) plane

Back 1

divides the body into symmetrical left and right halves

Front 2

flexion

Back 2

movement in a sagittal plane that takes a part of the body forward from the anatomical position

Front 3

extension

Back 3

movement in a sagittal plane that takes a part of the body backward from the anatomical position

Front 4

frontal (coronal) plane

Back 4

any vertical plane perpendicular to the the median plane, divide the body into anterior and posterior parts

Front 5

adduction

Back 5

movement in a frontal plane that takes a part of the body toward the median plane

Front 6

abduction

Back 6

movement in a frontal plane that takes a part of the body away from median plane

Front 7

lateral flexion (side-bending)

Back 7

for the trunk or neck, movement in the frontal plane away from the median plane

Front 8

transverse (horizontal) plane

Back 8

divides the body into superior and inferior (upper and lower) parts

Front 9

lateral rotation

Back 9

movement in a transverse plane that takes a part of the body outward

Front 10

medial rotation

Back 10

movement in a transverse plane that takes a part of the body inward

Front 11

proximal

Back 11

closer to the trunk or to some major point

Front 12

distal

Back 12

further from the trunk or to some major point

Front 13

diaphysis

Back 13

central shaft of a bone

Front 14

epiphyses

Back 14

two ends of a bone

Front 15

periosteum

Back 15

membrane on the external surface of the bone

Front 16

diarthroses (synovial) joints

Back 16

freely movable joints

Front 17

joint capsule

Back 17

sleevelike structure that encloses the joint, prevents loss of fluid, and binds together the ends of the articulating bones

Front 18

striated (voluntary) muscles

Back 18

skeletal muscles that attach to bones

Front 19

smooth muscle

Back 19

controls movement of the intestines, blood vessels, glands, etc.

Front 20

origin

Back 20

bone to which muscle is attached that is fixed in some way

Front 21

insertion

Back 21

bone to which muscle is attached that moves as a result of muscle contraction

Front 22

rectus abdominus

Back 22

muscle that flexes the trunk

Front 23

external obliques

Back 23

muscles that produce anterior flexion, side-bending, or rotation of the trunk

Front 24

rectus femoris

Back 24

muscle that crosses the hip and knee joints and acts as a flexor of the hip and an extensor of the knee

Front 25

agonist

Back 25

in a given motion, the muscle that produces the motion

Front 26

antagonist

Back 26

in a given motion, the muscle that produces the opposite movement

Front 27

isotonic contraction

Back 27

when a muscle shortens in length and its origin and insertion are drawn together, e.g., lifting a book

Front 28

isometric contraction

Back 28

when a muscle’s length stays the same but the force changes