Anatomy Nervous System I

Front 1

Which system regulates, coordinates, and integrates muscular activity and function of all organs and all organ systems by responding to both internal and external stimuli?

Back 1

Nervous System

Front 2

What are the two main components of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

Back 2

1. Brain
2. Spinal Cord

Front 3

What are the 3 main components of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

Back 3

1. Cranial Nerves
2. Spinal Nerves
3. Ganglia

Front 4

What is a nerve?

Back 4

A nerve is a collection of processes of individual cells called neurons, the structural and functional units that make up the nervous system.

Front 5

Neurons are bundled together in groups, called a _____, when located within a peripheral nerve.

Back 5

fascicle

Front 6

What is a fascicle?

Back 6

A bundle of axons located within a peripheral nerve.

Front 7

What is the name of blood vessels that supply nerves?

Back 7

vasa nervorum

Front 8

What is the name of the protective covering of a fascicle?

Back 8

perineurium

Front 9

What is the name of the protective covering of nerves in the PNS?

Back 9

epineurium

Front 10

Which cells form the myelin sheath?

Back 10

Schwann cells

Front 11

Which type of neuron can have a cell body in the brain, spinal cord, or ganglion?

Back 11

motor (efferent) neurons

Front 12

Which type of neuron contains axons and dendrites?

Back 12

motor (efferent) neurons

Front 13

Which type of neuron can have a cell body located in the brain or ganglion, but not the spinal cord?

Back 13

sensory (afferent) neurons

Front 14

Which type of neuron has a single process to detect and transmit information to the CNS?

Back 14

sensory (afferent) neurons

Front 15

The _____ of a sensory neuron, unlike motor neurons, is perpendicular to the length of the neuron and is uninvolved in the information sending process.

Back 15

cell body

Front 16

Can a single peripheral nerve contain more than one type (motor or sensory) of neuron?

Back 16

Yes

Front 17

What are large collections of cell bodies called?

Back 17

Ganglia

Front 18

What are the two types of neurons in the peripheral nervous system and what are their function?

Back 18

1. Motor (efferent): conduct information away from cell bodies to produce an effect on a muscle.
2. Sensory (afferent): conduct information towards CNS

Front 19

What is the purpose of somatic nerves?

Back 19

Somatic nerves travel to skeletal muscle, skin, and serous membranes and control voluntary movements. Their sensory components respond to external stimuli and are called exteroreceptors.

Front 20

Which type of nerve would contain exteroreceptors?

Back 20

Somatic nerves

Front 21

What is the purpose of visceral nerves?

Back 21

They are distributed to organs; control involuntary movements of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and secretion from glands. Sensory components relay info from internal tissues/organs and are called interoreceptors.

Front 22

What type of nerve would contain interoreceptors?

Back 22

Visceral nerves

Front 23

What is the space within the spinal column in which the spinal cord is housed called?

Back 23

vertebral foramen (or vertebral canal)

Front 24

What is the spinous process?

Back 24

A outcropping on the posterior (distal) side of a vertebrae

Front 25

The ___ root of the spinal nerve contains sensory neurons.

Back 25

dorsal

Front 26

The ___ root of the spinal nerve contains motor (efferent) neurons.

Back 26

ventral (anterior)

Front 27

Which type of neurons would you expect to find in the dorsal root of the spinal nerve?

Back 27

sensory (afferent)

Front 28

Which type of neurons would you expect to find in the ventral root of the spinal nerve?

Back 28

motor (efferent)

Front 29

The gray matter contains cell bodies. Since it is located within the spinal cord, gray matter must be made up of which type of neurons?

Back 29

motor (efferent)

Front 30

The white matter contains no cell bodies. Since it is located within the spinal cord, white matter must be made up of which type of neurons?

Back 30

sensory (afferent)

Front 31

What type of matter (gray or white) makes up the part of the spinal cord nicknamed the butterfly?

Back 31

gray matter

Front 32

What type of matter (gray or white) makes up the part of the spinal cord surrounding the area nicknamed as the butterfly?

Back 32

white matter

Front 33

What type of neurons would you expect to find in the ventral or dorsal rami of the spinal nerve?

Back 33

dorsal: both sensory and motor
ventral: both sensory and motor

Front 34

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in total?

Back 34

31

Front 35

How many spinal nerve pairs are located in the cervical region of the spinal column?

Back 35

8

Front 36

How many pairs of spinal nerves are located in the thoracic region of the spinal column?

Back 36

12

Front 37

How many pairs of spinal nerves are located in the lumbar region of the spinal column?

Back 37

5

Front 38

How many pairs of spinal nerves are located in the sacral region of the spinal column?

Back 38

5

Front 39

How many pairs of spinal nerves are located in the coccygeal region of the spinal column?

Back 39

1

Front 40

Which is larger, the dorsal ramus or the ventral ramus of the spinal nerve?

Back 40

ventral ramus

Front 41

What is the name of the ganglion where all the cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerve are located?

Back 41

dorsal root ganglion

Front 42

What is the name of the ventral rami located within the thoracic region?

Back 42

intercostal nerves

Front 43

Where are the intercostal nerves located?

Back 43

Intercostal nerves run along the ventral side of the body parallel to one another and next to the ribs

Front 44

What are the large networks formed by the ventral rami located in the cervical, lumbar, and sacral regions called?

Back 44

plexi (eg. brachial plexus)

Front 45

What muscles and tissue do the ventral rami supply?

Back 45

1. The 3 layers of intercostal muscles.
2. Cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves supply the skin for sensory input (pain, touch, temperature, and pressure). These nerves end in cutaneous termini. These sensory input nerves are also called exteroreceptors.

Front 46

What does posterior mean?

Back 46

back of organism

Front 47

What does ventral mean?

Back 47

front of organism

Front 48

What does dorsal mean?

Back 48

back of organism

Front 49

What does anterior mean?

Back 49

front of organism

Front 50

What are the geographically defined areas of skin supplied by the dorsal and ventral rami of the spinal nerves known as?

Back 50

dermatome

Front 51

The spinal nerves of C2-C5 supply a dermatome of which area?

Back 51

neck, shoulders, arms (except inner arm)

Front 52

Which spinal nerves supply the neck, shoulders and arms (except inner arm)

Back 52

C2-C5

Front 53

The spinal nerves of T1-T12 supply a dermatome of which area?

Back 53

Chest, abdomen, and upper back

Front 54

Which spinal nerves supply the chest, abdomen, and upper back?

Back 54

T1-T12

Front 55

The spinal nerves of L1-L5 supply a dermatome of which area?

Back 55

hips and front of legs

Front 56

Which spinal nerves supply the dermatome containing the front of the legs and hips?

Back 56

L1-L5

Front 57

The S1-S5 spinal nerves supply a dermatome containing which body parts?

Back 57

genitals, butt, back legs

Front 58

Which spinal nerves supply the dermatome containing the genitals, butt, and back legs?

Back 58

S1-S5