Anatomy Muscles

Front 1

Origin Anterior surface of lateral process of sacrum and gluteal surface of ilium at the margin of the greater sciatic notch
Insertion Superior border of greater trochanter
Action: laterally rotates thigh

Back 1

Piriformis

Front 2

Origin Anterior part of the popliteal groove on lateral surface of lateral femoral condyle
Insertion Posterior surface of tibia in a fan-like fashion, just superior to the popliteal line
Action Felexes and medially rotates leg

Back 2

Popliteus

Front 3

Origin Internal surface of obturator membrane and posterior bony margins of obturator foramen
Insertion Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur, in common with superior and inferior gemelli
Action Laterally rotates thigh

Back 3

Obturator Internus

Front 4

Origin Anterior surface of inferior pubic ramus, inferior to origin of adductor longus
Insertion Pectineal line and superior part of medial lip of linea aspera
Action Abducts and medially rotates thigh

Back 4

Abductor Brevis

Front 5

Origin: From lateral lip of linea aspera, and lateral supracondylar ridge of femur.
Insertion: Primarily on fibular head; also on lateral collateral ligament and lateral tibial condyle
Action: Flexes leg

Back 5

Biceps Femoris Short Head

Front 6

Origin Dorsal ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines; also from edge of greater sciatic notch
Insertion Anterior surface of greater trochanter
Action Abducts and medially rotates the hip joint

Back 6

Gluteus Minimus

Front 7

Origin Anterior surface of the fibula and the adjacent interosseous membrane
Insertion Base and dorsal center of distal phalanx of great toe
Action Extends great toe and dorsiflexes and inverts foot

Back 7

Extensor Hallucis Longus

Front 8

Origin Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula, lower part of interosseous membrane
Insertion Plantar surface of base of distal phalanx of great toe
Action Flexes Hallux, plantarflexes and inverts foot

Back 8

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Front 9

Origin Posterior surface of tibia distal to popliteal line
Insertion Splits into four slips after passing through medial intermuscular septum of plantar surface of foot; these slips then insert on plantar surface of bases of 2nd - 5th distal phalanges
Action Flexes toes 2 - 5; also helps in plantar flexion and inversion of foot

Back 9

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Front 10

Origin: Posterior aspect of interosseous membrane, superior 2/3 of medial posterior surface of fibula, superior aspect of posterior surface of tibia,
Insertion Splits into two slips after passing inferior to plantar calcaneonavicular ligament; superficial slip inserts on the tuberosity of the navicular bone deeper slip divides again into slips inserting on plantar sufraces of metatarsals 2 - 4 and second cuneiform
Action Principal invertor of foot; plantar flexes ankle,

Back 10

Tibialis Posterior

Front 11

Origin Inferior 2/3 of lateral fibular surface; also anterior and posterior intermuscular septa of leg
Insertion Lateral surface of styloid process of 5th metatarsal base
Action Everts foot and plantar flexes ankle

Back 11

Fibularis Brevis

Front 12

Origin Medial third of superior nuchal line; external occipital protruberance, nuchal ligament, and spinous processes of C7 - T12 vertebrae
Insertion Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
Action Elevates, depresses, rotates, and retracts scapula

Back 12

Trapezius

Front 13

Origin Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inferior 3 or 4 ribs
Insertion Floor of intertubercular groove of humerus
Action Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus;

Back 13

Latissimus Dorsi

Front 14

Orign: spinous processes of T2 - T5 vertebrae
Insertion: Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle
Action: Rotates downward and retracts scapula

Back 14

Rhomboid Major

Front 15

Origin: Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae
Insertion Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle
Action: Rotates downward and retracts scapula

Back 15

Rhomboid Minor

Front 16

Origin Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 - C4 vertebrae
Insertion Superior part of medial border of scapula
Action Elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula

Back 16

Levator Scapulae

Front 17

Origin 3rd to 5th ribs near their costal cartilages
Insertion Medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula
Action: Depresses, protracts and rotates scapula downward

Back 17

Pectoralis Minor

Front 18

Origin: Anterior and superior margins of ribs 1-8 or 1-9

Insertion: Anteriro surface of vertebral border of scapula.

Action: Protracts and rotates scapula upwards.

Back 18

Serratus Anterior

Front 19

Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle

Back 19

Trapezius
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid Minor
Levator Scapulae
Pectoralis Minor
Serratus Anterior

* Actions of these muscles involve the movement of the scapula.**

Front 20

Muscles of the Shoulder Joint

Back 20

Pectoralis Major
Latissimus Dorsi
Deltoid
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Teres minor
Teres major
Coracobrachialis

*Actions of these muscles involve the movement of the arm**

Front 21

Muscles of the Elbow Joint

Back 21

Biceps brachii long head
Biceps brachii short head
Brachialis
Tricepts brachii long head
Tricepts brachii lateral head
Tricepts brachii medial head
Brachioradialis
Pronator Teres
Supinator

Action of these muscles involve the movement of the forearm.

Front 22

Muscles of the Wrist Joint

Back 22

Wrist Flexors:
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus

Wrist Extensors:
Extensor Digitorum
Extensor Carpi Radialis

Front 23

Muscles of the Hip Joint

Back 23

Psoas major
Iliacus
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascae latae
Piriformis
Obturator internus
Adductor magnus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Pectinueus

Front 24

Muscles of the hip and knee Joint

Back 24

Gracilis
Sartorius
Rectus Femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris long head

Front 25

Muscles of the knee joint

Back 25

Biceps femoris short head
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Popliteus

Front 26

Muscles of the knee and ankle joint

Back 26

Gastrocnemius: medial head and
lateral head.

Front 27

Muscles of the ankle joint

Back 27

Tibialis anterior
Tibialis posterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
Soleus
Flexor digitorum longus

Front 28

Muscles of Massication

Back 28

Muscles that move the mandible:

Masseter
Temporalis
Playsma

Platysma and Masseter are antagonistic pairs.

Front 29

Steps that result in the contraction of Skeletal Muscle (Sliding filament theory)

Back 29

1. The motor neuron at the neuormuscular juntion releases acetylcholine (Ach) to bind to the sarcolemma of the skeletal muscle fiber.
2. The signal spreads throughout sarcolemma of skeletal muscle fiber
3. The sginal is spread down T-tubules to center of cell.
4. T-tubules spread signal to cell interior and pass signal to the Sarcoplasmic Recticulum (SR).
5. Calcium is relesed from the SR
6. Calcium combines with the troponin-tropomysonsin complex on actin exposing binding sites for myosin.
7. Myosin crossbridge heads with ATP go from a low affinity state to a high affinity state by splitting ATP into ADP + Pi causing heads to attach to binding sites on actin.
8. Attachement of myosin to actin results in the release of Pi and actin "slides" past myosin (sarcomeres shorten/ muscle cell shortens/ z lines pull together)
10. ATP molecule binds to myosin heads resulting in the release of crossbridge attachment to actin.