Anatomy - Muscles

Front 1

Endomysium

Back 1

The thin connective tissue surrounding each muscle cell

Front 2

Perimysium

Back 2

The connective tissue enveloping bundles of muscle fibers

Front 3

Epimysium

Back 3

The sheath of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a muscle

Front 4

Tendon

Back 4

Cord of dense fibrous tissue attaching a muscle to a bone

Front 5

Apeneurosis

Back 5

Fibrous or membranous sheet connective a muscle and the part it moves

Front 6

Sarcomeres

Back 6

Contractile units

Front 7

Fascicle

Back 7

Bundle of fibers

Front 8

Action potential

Back 8

An electrical event occurring when a stimulus of sufficient intensity is applied to a neuron of a muscle cell, allowing sodium ions to move into the cell and reverse the polarity

Front 9

Isotonic

Back 9

muscles shorten and movement occurs

Front 10

Isometric

Back 10

Muscles do not shorten, no movement, ex. pushing

Front 11

Graded response

Back 11

A response that varies directly with the strength of the stimulus

Front 12

Muscle tone

Back 12

Sustained partial contraction of a muscle in response to stretch receptor inputs; keeps the muscle healthy and ready to react

Front 13

Aerobic exercise

Back 13

stronger, flexible muscles resistant to fatigue

Front 14

Resistance exercise

Back 14

stronger, larger muscles due to larger muscle fibers or cells

Front 15

Origin

Back 15

attached to immovable or less movable bone

Front 16

Insertion

Back 16

attached to movable bone

Front 17

prime mover

Back 17

muscle with major responsibility for movement

Front 18

Antagonists

Back 18

Muscles that oppose or reverse a movement

Front 19

Synergist

Back 19

Muscles that help prime movers by reducing undesirable or unnecessary movements

Front 20

Fixators

Back 20

Specialized synergists that hold a bone still or stabilize origin of prime mover so all tension can be used to move insertion bone

Front 21

Flexion

Back 21

decreased the angle of the joint and brings two bones closer together (bending knee or elbow)

Front 22

Extension

Back 22

increases the angle or distance between two bones or parts of the body (straightening the knee or elbow)

Front 23

Rotation

Back 23

Movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis. Common of ball and socket joints (shake head no)

Front 24

Abduction

Back 24

Moving a limb away from the midline, or median plane, of the body (fanning of fingers or toes)

Front 25

Adduction

Back 25

Movement of a limb toward the body midline

Front 26

Circumduction

Back 26

Combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction commonly seen in ball and socket joints such as the shoulder. The proximal end of the limb is stationary, and the distal end moves in a circle. The limb as a whole outlines a bone.

Front 27

Dorsiflexion

Back 27

lifting the foot so that its superior surface approaches the shin

Front 28

Plantar flexion

Back 28

depresses the foot (pointing toes)

Front 29

Inversion

Back 29

turn the sole of the foot medially

Front 30

Eversion

Back 30

turn the sole of the foot laterally

Front 31

Supination

Back 31

the forarm rotates laterally so that the palm faces anteriorly and the radius and ulna are parallel

Front 32

Pronation

Back 32

the forearm rotates medially so that the palm faces posteriorly. Brings the radius across the until so that the two bones for an X.

Front 33

Opposition

Back 33

the action by which you move your thumb to touch the tips of the other fingers on the same hand

Front 34

How do muscles get there names? (7)

Back 34

1. Direction of muscle fibers
2. Relative size of muscle
3. Location muscles
4. Number or origins
5. Location of origin and insertion
6. Shape of muscle
7. Action of muscle

Front 35

How to muscle change as we age?

Back 35

The connective tissue in the muscles increases and the amount of muscle tissue decreases, which means that the muscle become more sinewy and stringier. Body weight declines as the loss of muscle mass occurs. The muscle strength also decreases.