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118 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the pelvic girdle?
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Coxal bone + sacrum
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Which ligament bridges the acetabular notch?
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Transverse acetabular ligament
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What is the name of the ligament that is attached to the fovea capitis femoris?
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round ligament of head of femur
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What is the angle of inclination between the neck and the shaft of the femur?
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125°
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What ligament is attached to the intertrochanteric line?
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Iliofemoral ligament
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Which muscles(4) insert into the greater trochanter of the femur bone?
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Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis and obturator internus mm.
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Where does the tendon of the obturator externus m. insert?
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Medial aspect of trochanteric fossa
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A dislocated knee or fractured distal femur may injure what arterty?
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Popliteal artery
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A “bumber fracture” is a fracture of the lateral tibial condyle, which nerve is often damaged in this case?
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Common fibular (peroneal) nerve
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What is the name of the ligament that is continuation of the quadriceps tendon and where does it attach?
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Patellar ligament, attaches to tibial tuberosity
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Where does the medial (deltoid) ligament of the ankle attach on the tibia?
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Medial malleolus
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What does the tarsus consist of?
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The seven tarsal bones: talus, calcaneus, navicular bone, cuboid bone and three cuneiform bones
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Which is the only tarsal bone without muscle attachments?
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Talus bone
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What type of joint is the hip (coxal) joint?
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Multiaxial ball-and-socket synovial joint
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Which movements does the hip joint allow for?
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Abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, circumduction and rotation
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Which structures stabilize the hip joint?
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Acetabular labrum,
fibrous capsule and capsular ligaments (iliofemoral, ischiofemoral and pubofemoral ligaments) |
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What is meant by coxa valga?
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Abnormally increased angle of inclination between neck and shaft of femur
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What is meant by coxa vara?
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Abnormally decreased angle of inclination between neck and shaft of femur
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Which artery is inside the round ligament of head of femur and which artery does it branch from?
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Foveolar artery, branch of obturator artery
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What type of joint is the knee joint?
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Condylar type of synovial joint (between femur and tibia)
AND saddle joint (between femur and patella). N.b. fibula Is not part of the knee joint |
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What structures stabilize the knee joint Laterally?
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biceps and gastrocnemius tendons, iliotibial tract, and fibular collateral ligaments
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What structures stabilize the knee joint Medially?
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Sartorius, gracilis, gastrocnemius, semitendinosus, semimembranosus mm. and tibial collateral ligament
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How is the knee joint innervated?
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By branches of the sciatic, femoral and obturator nerves
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Which of the cruciate ligaments is taut (stretched) during extension?
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Anterior cruciate ligament
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Which of the cruciate ligaments is the strongest?
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Posterior cruciate ligament (also the shortest)
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Which meniscus is more frequently torn and why?
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Medial meniscus because of its strong attachment to tibial collateral ligament
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The “unhappy triad” of the knee joint refers to damage of which 3 structures?
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Tibial collateral ligament, anterior cruciate ligament & medial meniscus
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How is the lateral meniscus separated from the fibular collateral ligament?
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By the tendon of the popliteal m.
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What is meant by genu valgum?
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Knock-knee
Kobenthet, is a condition in which the knees angle in and touch one another when the legs are straightened. |
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What is meant by genu varum?
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Bowleg
is a physical deformity marked by (outward) bowing of the leg in relation to the thigh |
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Which nerve is involved in the patellar (knee jerk) reflex arc?
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femoral nerve (L2-L4)
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Which 3 muscle tendons make up the pes anserinus (goose’s fot)
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The tendons of Sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus mm.
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Which type of joint is the talocrural joint?
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Hinge-type synovial joint
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Which movements are permitted by the ankle joint?
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Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
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What are the components of the medial (deltoid) ligament?
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Tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, anterior tibiotalar, and posterior tibiotalar ligaments
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What are the components of the lateral ligament of the talocrural joint?
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Anterior tibiofibular, posterior tibiofibular and calcaneofibular
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Which ligament supports the talocalcaneonavicular joint and what type of joint is it?
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Spring (plantar calcaneonavicular) ligament, ball-and-socket type
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Which are the cutaneous nerves of the lower limb?
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Lateral femoral cutaneous n. (L2-3),
posterior femoral, cutaneous n. (S1-3), saphenous n. (L3-4), lateral sural cutaneous n. (L5-S2), medial sural cutaneous n. (S1-2), sural n. (S1-2), superficial fibular n. (L4-S1), deep fibular n. (L5) |
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Which vein receives the small saphenous vein?
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Popliteal vein
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Which structures make up the lesser sciatic foramen?
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Ischial bone, sacrotuberous ligament, sacrospinous ligament
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Which structures make up the greater sciatic foramen?
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Coxal bone, sacrum, sacrospinous ligament and sacrotuberous ligament
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Which structures passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?
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Tendon of obturator internus m.,
Nerve to obturator internus m., Internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve |
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Which structure helps form the fibrous capsule of the knee joint and is important in maintaining posture and locomotion?
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Iliotibial tract
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The iliotibial tract is a thick lateral portion of what? and Which 2 muscles does it provide insertion for?
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The fascia lata, insertion for: Gluteus maximus m., Tensor fasciae latae m.
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To avoid the sciatic nerve and other neurovascular structures an intramuscular injection of medications should always be delivered to which quadrant?
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Superior lateral quadrant of the gluteal region
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Which muscle normally functions to stabilize the pelvis when the opposite foot is off the ground?
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Gluteus medius m.
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Which nerve innervates the gluteus maximus m.?
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Inferior gluteal n.
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Which nerve innervates the gluteus medius m.?
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Superior gluteal n.
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Which nerve innervates the gluteus minimus m.?
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Superior gluteal n.
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Which nerve innervates the tensor fasciae latae m.?
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Superior gluteal n.
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Which nerve innervates the piriformis m.?
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Nerve to piriformis (S1-S2)
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Which nerve innervates the obturator internus m.?
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Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)
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Which nerve innervates the inferior gemullus m.?
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Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, L5, S1)
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Which nerve innervates the semitendinosus m.?
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Tibial portion of sciatic nerve (L4-L5, S1-S3) 71.
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Which nerve innervates the semimembranosus m.?
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Tibial portion of sciatic nerve (L4-L5, S1-S3)
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Which nerve innervates the long head of the biceps femoris m.?
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Tibial portion of sciatic nerve (L4-L5, S1-S3)
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Which nerve innervates the short head of the biceps femoris m.?
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Common fibular (peroneal) portion of sciatic nerve (L4-L5, S1-S2)
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Which are the 4 main nerves of the gluteal region?
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Superior gluteal n.,Inferior gluteal n.,Posterior femoral cutaneous n.,Sciatic n.
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Which are the 2 main arteries in the glutal region?
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Superior and inferior glutal arteries
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What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
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Superiorly: inguinal ligament,Laterally: Sartorius m.,
Medially: adductor longus m., Floor: iliopsoas, pectineus and adductor longus mm., Roof: fascia lata and cribriform fascia |
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What mnemonic is used to remember the contents and order of the femoral triange?
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NAVEL = femoral nerve, artery, vein, empty space, and lymphatics
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Where are you able to palpate the pulsation of the femoral artery?
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Just inferior to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament
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What is the femoral ring?
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The abdominal opening of the femoral canal
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Which are the boundaries of the femoral canal?
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Anteriorly: inguinal ligament,
Laterally: femoral vein Medially: lacunar ligament, Posteriorly: pectineal ligament |
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What are the contents of the femoral canal?
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Fat, loose (areolar) connective tissue, lymph nodes and lymph vessels
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The femoral sheath is formed by a prolongation of which fasciae?
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Transversalis fascia and iliac fascia
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What are the contents of the femoral sheath?
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Femoral artery and vein, femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve, and the femoral canal
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What are the contents of the adductor canal?
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Femoral vessels,Saphenous nerve,Nerve to vastus medialis,Descending genicular artery
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Where does the adductor canal begin and end?
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Begins at: apex of femoral triangle,Ends at: adductor hiatus
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Which opening is the aperture of the tendon of insertion of the adductor magnus?
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Adductor hiatus (hiatus tendineus)
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Which structure is an oval gap in the fascia lata below the inguinal ligament that is covered by cribriform fascia?
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Saphenous opening (fossa ovalis/saphenous hiatus)
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Which structure does the saphenous hiatus provide a pathway for?
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Great saphenous vein
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Which muscles are part of the quadriceps femoris m.?
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Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis mm.
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Which muscles are innervated by the obturator nerve?
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Adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis, pectineus, obturator externus mm.
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Which nerve innervates the adductor magnus m.?
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Obturator n. (L2-4) and tibial portion of sciatic nerve (L4-L5, S1-S3)
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Which nerve innervates the pectineus m.?
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Obturator n. (L2-4) and femoral n. (L2-4)
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Which are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
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Superomedially: semitendinosus and semimembranosus mm. ,
Superolaterally: biceps femoris m., Inferomedially: medial head of gastrocnemius m., Inferolaterally: lateral head of gastrocnemius m. & plantaris m., Floor: femur, oblique popliteal lig., popliteus m. |
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What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?
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Medial to lateral:
popliteal artery, popliteal vein, small saphenous vein, tibial nerve, common fibular nerve |
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Which muscles are innervated by the deep fibular (peroneal) nerve?
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Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis (peroneus) tertius mm.
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Which muscles are innervated by the superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve?
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Fibularis (peroneus) longus, fibularis (peroneus) brevis mm.
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Which Superficial muscles are innervated by the tibial nerve?
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gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
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Which Deep muscles are innervated by the tibial nerve?
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popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior mm.
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Which are the 7 main nerves of the leg?
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Tibial, common fibular (peroneal), deep fibular (peroneal), superficial fibular (peroneal), and sural & medial & lateral sural nerves
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Which nerve is tested in the ankle-jerk (Achilles) reflex (tap on tendo calcaneus)?
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ibial nerve (spinal nerve L5-S2)
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Where is the tarsal tunnel located?
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Within the flexor retinaculum
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What are the contents of the tarsal tunnel (from anterior to posterior)?
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”Tom Drives A Very Nervous Horse” :
tibialis posterior tendon, flexor digitorum longus tendon, posterior tibial artery and vein, tibial nerve, and flexor hallucis longus tendon |
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From where does the plantar aponeurosis radiate?
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From the calcaneal tuberosity (toward the toes, providing attachment to the short flexor muscles of the toes)
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Which muscles are located on the dorsum of the foot and which nerve innervates them?
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Extensor digitorum brevis m., extensor hallucis brevis m., deep peroneal nerve
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Which muscles are located in the first layer of the sole of the foot?
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Abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi mm.
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Which muscles are located in the second layer of the sole of the foot?
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Quadratus plante, and 4 lumbricals mm.
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Which muscles are located in the third layer of the sole of the foot?
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Flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis (both oblique and transverse head), flexor digiti minimi brevis mm.
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Which muscles are located in the fourth layer of the sole of the foot?
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3 plantar interossei mm., 4 dorsal interossei mm.
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What are the names of the arches in the foot?
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Medial and lateral longitudinal arches, and proximal and distal transverse arches
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Which structure is the keystone of the medial longitudinal arch?
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The head of the talus bone
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Which bones form the medial longitudinal arch?
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Talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuneiform bones, and 3 medial metatarsal bones
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Which structures support the medial longitudinal arch?
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Spring ligament and tendon of flexor hallucis longus
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Which structure is the keystone of lateral longitudinal arch?
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Cuboid bone
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Which bones form the lateral longitudinal arch?
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Calcaneus, cuboid bone, and the 2 lateral metatarsal bones,
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Which structures support the lateral longitudinal arch?
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Peroneus longus tendon and long & short plantar ligament
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Which bones form the proximal (metatarsal) transverse arch of the foot?
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Navicular, 3 cuneiform, cuboid and bases of the 5 metatarsal bones
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Which structure supports the proximal transverse arch of the foot?
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Peroneus longus tendon
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Which bones form the distal transverse arch of the foot?
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Head of 5 metatarsal bones
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Which structure supports the distal transverse arch of the foot?
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Transverse head of the adductor hallucis
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What is the spinal nerve number of the obturator nerve?
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Obturator nerve (S.N. L2-L4)
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Where does the obturator nerve enter the thigh?
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Obturator canal in obturator foramen
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Which muscles are innervated by the anterior branch of the obturator nerve?
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Adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis and pectineus mm.
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What is the spinal nerve number of the femoral nerve?
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Femoral nerve (S.N. L2-L4)
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Where does the femoral nerve enter the thigh?
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It passes deep to inguinal ligament and lateral to femoral sheath
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What is the spinal nerve number of the superior gluteal nerve?
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Superior gluteal nerve (S.N. L4-S1)
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What is the spinal nerve number of the inferior gluteal nerve?
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Inferior gluteal nerve (S.N. L5-S2)
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Which muscle is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve?
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Gluteus maximus m.
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What is the spinal nerve number of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve?
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Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (S.N. S1-S3)
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Where does the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve enter the buttocks?
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Through the greater sciatic foramen below piriformis m.
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What is the spinal nerve number of the sciatic nerve?
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Sciatic nerve (S.N. L4-S3)
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What are the names of the 2 main branches of the sciatic nerve?
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Tibial n. and common fibular (peroneal) n.
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What are the names of the 2 main branches of the common fibular (peroneal) n.?
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Superficial fibular (peroneal) n. and deep fibular (peroneal) n.
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What are the names of the 2 main branches of the tibial nerve in the foot?
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Medial plantar n. and lateral plantar n.
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The small saphenous vein drains into?
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Popliteal vein
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