Anatomy (Lower Limb Joints)

Front 1

Knee joint

Back 1

Hinge synovial joint (flexion and extension)

Gliding and rolling with rotation around vertical axis

Function is impaired when its hyperextended

Front 2

Articular surfaces of the knee joint characteristics

Back 2

Large differnt (incongruent) shapes

Front 3

Articulations of the knee

Back 3

1. Two femorotibial articulation (lateral and medial)

2. One intermediate femoropatellar articulation

Front 4

Femorotibial articulation

Back 4

Between lateral and medial femoral and tibial condyles

Front 5

Femoropatellar articulation

Back 5

Between femur and patella

Front 6

Stability of knee joint depends on

Back 6

1. Strength and action of surrounding muscles

2. Ligaments connecting tibial and femur

Front 7

Joint capsule of knee

Back 7

External fibrous layer

Internal synovial membrane

Front 8

Ligament of knee

Back 8

4 strength joint capsule (intrsic)

8 extrinsic ligaments

Front 9

Patellar ligament

Back 9

Part of quadriceps tendon

Strong tick fibrous band

From patella to tibial tuberosity

Front 10

Medial and lateral patellar retinacula

Back 10

Aponeuotic expansions of the vastus medialis and laterails

Help Maintain alignment of patella (keeps knee cap from deviating)

Front 11

Lateral collateral ligament

Back 11

Chord like strong

From lateral epicondyle of femur

To lateral surface of the head of fibula.

Splits tendon of biceps femoris into two parts

Front 12

Medial collateral ligament

Back 12

Strong flat band

From medial epicondyle

To superior part of medial surface of tibia

At midpoint it attaches to medial meniscus (deep)

Front 13

Oblique popliteal ligament

Back 13

Expansion of semimembranosus tendon

Strength joint capsule posterior

From posteiror medial tibial condyle

To central part of posterior aspect of joint capsule

Front 14

Actuate popliteal ligament

Back 14

From posterior aspect of fibular head

To spread over posterior surface of knee

Front 15

Cruciate ligaments

Back 15

Joint femur and tibia

Durning medial rotate they twist around each other limiting rotation (10°).

Allow Lateral rotate (60°)

One of the two is always tense

Front 16

Anterior cruciate ligament

Back 16

Weaker of the two (injured easier)

From anterior intercondular area of tibia

To posterior part of medial side of lateral condyle of the femur.

Poor blood supply (heals slow)

Front 17

ACL prevents

Back 17

1. Limits posterior rolling of femoral condyles during flexion

2. Posteiror displacement of femur

Front 18

Posterior cruciate ligament

Back 18

Stronger of the two

From posterior intercondylar area

To anterior part of the laterior surface of the medial condyle of the femur

Main stabilizing factor for the feumer when weight bearing flexed knee

Front 19

PCL prevents

Back 19

1. Anterior rolling of femur

2. anterior displacement of femur

3. Posterior displacement of the tibia on femur

4. Hyperflexion

Front 20

Menisci of knee joint

Back 20

Plates of fibrocarilage

Shock absorbers

Thicker at external edge, thinner medially

Attach to intercondylar area of tibia

Front 21

Medial meniscus

Back 21

C shaped

Attaches to

-anterior intercondylar area of tibia

- posterior intercondylar area

Adheres to the deep surface of the medial collateral ligament

Front 22

Lateral meniscus

Back 22

Nearly circular and is smaller and more freely moveable

Front 23

Posterior meniscofemoral ligament

Back 23

Strong tendinous slip

Joins lateral meniscus to PCL and medial femoral condyle