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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Atlanto-occipital Joint |
-Synovial (condylar), diarthrosis -Extension, flexion of head, slight lateral flexion |
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Atlanto-axial Joints |
-Synovial (pivot), diarthrosis -Right and left rotation of head |
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2 types of Intervertebral Joints |
-Between vertebral bodies of adjacent vertebrae -Intervertebral facet joints |
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Between vertebral bodies of adjacent vertebrae |
Cartilaginous (symphysis), amphiarthrosis -extension, flexion, lateral flexion of vertebral column |
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Intervertebral Discs |
Anulus fibrosus= tough outer -fibrocartilage, collagen fibers attach to bodies of vertebrae Nucleus pulposus= soft inner -75% water, some elastic fibers, shock absorber -decreases with age |
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Intervertebral Facet Joints |
-between superior/inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae Synovial (plane), diarthrosis -flexion, extension, lateral flexion, slight rotation of vertebral column |
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Which ligaments limit the relative mobility of the sternal end of the clavicle? |
Anterior + posterior sternoclavicular joints, costoclavicular ligament, interclavicular ligament |
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Which limit motion at the acromial end? |
Acromioclavicular ligament, coracoclavicular ligament (trapezoid and conoid), coracoacromial ligament/ coracohumeral ligament |
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Joints of the Shoulder Region |
-Acromioclavicular Joint -Glenohumeral Joint -Sternoclavicular Joint |
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Sternoclavicular Joint |
-Synovial (saddle) joint, diarthrosis -elevation, depression and circumduction -Articular disc |
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Sternoclavicular Joint Separation Rehabilitation Exercises |
-Scapular squeeze - Prone shoulder extension - Supine shoulder flexion -Horizontal abduction -supine chest fly |
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Acromioclavicular Joint |
-Synovial (plane), diarthrosis - gliding of scapula on clavicle -Note-articular disc |
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Clinical View: Shoulder Separation |
Grade 2: Acromioclavicular ligament torn Grade 3: Coracoclavicular ligaments torn |
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Glenohumeral Joint |
-Synovial (ball and socket), diarthrosis -Movements of the arm --Abduction, adduction --flexion, extension --circumduction --lateral and medial rotation |
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Movement of clavicle, scapula when humerus is extended and flexed |
-humerus extended- pectoral girdle retracted - humerus flexed-pectoral girdle protracted |
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Musculotendinous (rotator) cuff: |
-encircles shoulder joint+ blends with capsule - "SITS" muscles (Subscapularis, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor) |
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Other muscles stabilizing joint: tendons of |
-long head biceps brachii m. (supraglenoid tubercle) -long head triceps brachii m. (infraglenoid tubercle) |
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Clinical View: Dislocation-most common anteriorly |
-often tears inferior capsule + glenoid labrum -pain receptors in --capsule, tendons, and ligaments -results in unstable joint |
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Elbow Joint: Humeroulnar Joint |
-Synovial (hinge), diarthrosis -Allows flexion and extension of elbow |
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Elbow Joint: Humeroradial Joint |
-Synovial (hinge), diarthrosis -Allows flexion and extension of elbow |
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Elbow Joint: Radioulnar Joint |
-synoival (pivot), diarthrosis -rotation of radius (supination/pronation of forearm) |
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Stability of Elbow Joint |
-Articular capsule is thick -Bony surfaces interlock -Strong ligaments reinforce |
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Radiocarpal (wrist) joint |
-synovial (condylar), diarthrosis -flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction -Articular disc Note: carpal bones do not join directly to ulna |
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Ulnar/medial collateral ligament |
Medial epicondyle humerus to coronoid process and olecranon of ulna |
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Radial/lateral collateral ligament |
lateral epicondyle humerus to anular ligament |
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Anular ligament |
margins of radial notch on ulna |
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Hip Joint/Coxal Joint |
-More stable/less mobile than shoulder joint -Reinforced by: strong articular capsule ligaments and powerful muscles -Synovial jt (ball and socket) diarthrosis -Fibrocartilaginous acetabular labrum deepens socket -flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial (internal)/lateral (external) rotation, circumduction |
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Ligaments of the Hip Joint |
-Iliofemoral Ligament -Ischiofemoral Ligament -Pubofemoral ligament |
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Clinical View: "Hip" Fractures |
Fractures may -tear blood vessels -lead to avascular necrosis |
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Knee Joints |
-Main= synovial (hinge joint), diarthrosis -Complex: menisci and many ligaments -Mostly flexion/extension -Some rotation and lateral gliding when knee is flexed Two Joints: -Femorotibial joints -Femoropatellar joint |
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Two Menisci |
-C-shaped fibrocartilage pads -Cushion and stabilize joint and medially and laterally -Conform with articulating surfaces |
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7 supporting ligaments |
-Patellar Ligament -2 collateral ligaments - 2 popliteal ligaments - 2 cruciate ligaments |
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Unhappy Triad |
Lateral blow to the knee -torn anterior cruciate ligament -torn tibial collateral ligament -torn medial meniscus |
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Ankle Joint/Talocrural Joint |
-Highly modified hinge joint - dorsiflexion/plantarflexion -2 articulations: --distal tibia and talus --distal fibula and lateral talus - ligaments include: deltoid ligament, lateral ligament, anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments. |
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Clinical View: Ankle Injuries |
-95-99% sprains= inversion stress - Later ligament= "sprain lig" RICE= rest, ice, compression and elevation |
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What is the function of the ligament of the head of the femur (ligaments trees)? |
-blood supply to the head of the femur - path for acetabular branch of obturator a. to head of femur |
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Ligaments associated with the hip joint |
-Iliofemoral ligament -ischiofemoral ligament -pubofemoral ligament -ligament of head of femur - transverse acetabular ligament |
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Which ligament helps to maintain the alignment of the condyles between the femur and tibia and limits anterior movement of the tibia on the femur? |
Anterior cruciate ligament |
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Suprapatellar Bursae |
above the knee, beneath quadriceps Deloris tendon |
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Prepatellar Bursae |
two-one beneath skin (subcutaneous) and one deep to tendon of quadriceps femurs (subtendinous) in front of knee |
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Infrapatellar Bursae |
below the knee- one deep and one below the skin (between the skin and tibial tub. (subcutaneous) deep between patellar ligament and tibia) |
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Anserine Bursae
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Deep to tendons of 3 muscles- sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus mm. |
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Gastronemius Bursae
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deep to medial and lateral heads of gastro. m. |
