Anatomy Lecture Notes

Front 1

1. Cells contain smaller structures called ______ that carry out their metabolic functions.

Back 1

Organelles

Front 2

2. ____ was the first to produce a microscope capable of viewing a single cell.

Back 2

Leeuwenhoek

Front 3

Our thumbs are said to be ____ because we can cross our palms with them to touch our finger tips.

Back 3

Opposable

Front 4

4. ____ is the body’s tendency to maintain stable internal conditions.

Back 4

Homeostasis

Front 5

5. All chemical change in the body is collectively called _____

Back 5

Metabolism

Front 6

6. The study of structures that can be observed without magnification is called _____

Back 6

Gross anatomy

Front 7

7. A ____ is any chemical composed to two or more atoms bonded together whether the atoms are the same or different elements.

Back 7

Molecule

Front 8

8. The sex of a person from which a tissue is taken could be determined from the ____, a chart in which photographs of the chromosomes are arranged in the homologous pairs.

Back 8

Karyotype

Front 9

9. The opposite of dehydration synthesis is a/an ____reaction.

Back 9

9) Hydrolysis

Front 10

10. Any chemical that speeds up a reaction but is not consumed by it is called a/an ____

Back 10

10) Catalyst

Front 11

11. Whenever two or more substances are physically combined but do not chemically react with each other, they form a ____

Back 11

Mixture

Front 12

12. Compounds that ionize in water that produce a solution that will conduct electricity are called_____

Back 12

Electrolytes

Front 13

13. The formula for carboxyl group is____

Back 13

COOH

Front 14

14. A protein that functions as a biological catalyst is called a ____

Back 14

Enzyme

Front 15

15. T/F Fats are described as saturated is they have no double bonds between atoms.

Back 15

True

Front 16

16. T/F A dipeptide is a molecule with two peptide bonds

Back 16

True

Front 17

17. T/F When sodium ionizes in the presence of chlorine and becomes the sodium ion, Na+, the sodium is oxidized.

Back 17

True

Front 18

18. T/F In human physiology, a manganese and copper are trace elements, whereas sodium and iron are present in quantities too large to be classified as trace elements.

Back 18

True

Front 19

19. The plasma membrane is said to be ____ because it allows some substances to pass through but excludes others.

Back 19

Selectively Permeable

Front 20

20. ____ is a process of membrane transport that depends on the hydrostatic pressure exerted on fluid

Back 20

Filtration

Front 21

One difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport is that facilitated fusion moves substances down their ____, while active transport can move them up.

Back 21

21) Concentration gradient

Front 22

The plasma membrane is composed mainly of protein and ____ molecules.

Back 22

Phospholipids

Front 23

Anatomy is the study of?

Back 23

Structure

Front 24

Which of the following terms is defined as the study of structure by means of the cutting and separation of tissues test ?

Back 24

dissection

Front 25

Which of the following terms is defined as examining the body for signs of normalcy or disease by touching structures with the finger tips?

Back 25

palpation

Front 26

Which of the following terms is defined as examining the body for signs of normalcy or disease by listening to the natural sounds made by the body such as heart and lung sounds?

Back 26

auscultation

Front 27

Which of the following terms is defined as examining the body for signs of normalcy or disease by listening to a sound while tapping on the body?

Back 27

percussion

Front 28

Which of the following scientists were the first to describe blood flow as a continuous circuit around the body from the heart to the organs and back to the heart again?

Back 28

Servetus and Harvey

Front 29

The word "physiology" is derived from the word "physiologi" which was first used by this scientist when identifying diseases caused by natural phenomenon rather than those attributed to supernatural causes.

Back 29

Aristotle

Front 30

Which of the following terms is used to describe our ability to sense and react to a variety of stimuli?

Back 30

responsiveness

Front 31

In the hierarchy of organization of living things, which of the following is the simplest level at which we see all the basic functions of life?

Back 31

cells

Front 32

Which of the following scientists is the famous Italian physiologist who published the first atlas of anatomy, De Humani Corporis Fabrica in 1543?

Back 32

Andreas Vesalius

Front 33

In a feedback loop, which of the following components carries out the response necessary to restore homeostasis in an unbalanced system?

Back 33

effector

Front 34

Which type of feedback loop will result in a self-amplification response in the same direction, rather than lead to a corrective effect?

Back 34

positive feedback loop

Front 35

Which medical imaging technique is most useful for visualizing soft tissues?

Back 35

magnetic resonance imaging

Front 36

Which of the following medical imaging techniques is used to assess the metabolic state of tissue?

Back 36

positron emission tomography

Front 37

Which of the following methods of medical imaging uses sound wave reverberations to visualize internal organs?

Back 37

sonography

Front 38

Which level of organization of living things represents more than one cell type sharing a common function?

Back 38

tissue

Front 39

Complex, multicellular organisms usually consist of multiple

Back 39

tissues.
organs.
organ systems

Front 40

A person can be declared legally dead if he or she has

Back 40

no brain waves for 24 hours.

Front 41

Repair of the thumb is given the highest priority when repairing damage to the hand.

Back 41

True

Front 42

Color vision is a hallmark of primate evolution and adaptation.

Back 42

True

Front 43

Anatomical terms coined from the names of people are called nomina anatomica.

Back 43

False

Front 44

Which of the following scientists treated Roman gladiators and published a highly regarded medical textbook based on his observations and animal dissections?

Back 44

Galen

Front 45

Who is considered the father of modern medicine?

Back 45

Hippocrates

Front 46

Which of the following scientists was famous for having recorded his observations of "little anamacules" and is therefore one of the first scientists credited with having examined life at a microscopic level?

Back 46

Antony van Leeuwenhoek

Front 47

Which of the following scientists improved the optics of the compound light microscope, added several controls, and was later the first to describe "cellulae" (little cells) when describing what he saw when looking at cork cells?

Back 47

Robert Hooke

Front 48

A law of nature describes in general the predictable ways in which matter and energy behave.

Back 48

True

Front 49

Scientists and lawyers use the word "theory" in the same way.

Back 49

False

Front 50

Carl Zeiss is one of the scientists credited with having improved the compound light microscope such that chromatic aberrations were significantly minimized.

Back 50

TRUE

Front 51

Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden are the two scientists credited with having been the first to conclude that all living things are composed of cells.

Back 51

True

Front 52

The philosophers credited with having invented new habits of scientific thought and therefore turning science into what is recognized today as a more objective and systematic approach to information research are:

Back 52

Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes

Front 53

The purpose of a hypothesis is to suggest a method for answering a specific question.

Back 53

True

Front 54

The main contribution of all the scientists and philosophers discussed in this first chapter was that they

Back 54

helped replace superstition with an appreciation of natural laws.
were pioneers in establishing a scientific way of thinking.
bridged the chasm between mystery and medication.
Correct answer: All of the above are aspects of these people's contributions.