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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Matter (define) |
Has mass and occupies space |
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3 states of matter |
Solid, liquid, and gas |
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Nucleus (Atomic structure) |
-protons (p+), positively charged -neutrons (n0), neutral no charge |
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Identify the main chemical elements of the body & know their symbols. |
Oxygen- O Carbon- C Hydrogen- H Nitrogen- N |
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Describe trace elements |
Vital for maintaining health. Insufficient intake can cause nutritional deficiency. Ex) iron, iodine, fluoride |
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Describe the charge, mass and relative locations of protons, neutrons, and electrons |
D |
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Interpret diagrams of atoms depicting electron shells. |
D |
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Explain how isotopes of an element are formed. |
F |
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Describe how a radioactive isotope is different from a nonradioactive isotope. |
Radioactive- unstable and emit radiation at a constant rate. (Half live and lose energy overtime.) Nonradioactive- stable and by there own incapable of emitting energy. |
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Distinguish among the terms: atomic number, mass number, and atomic weight. |
Atomic number- number if protons in the nucleus of an atom. Mass number- number of protons and number of neutrons Atomic weight- average weight of an atom of an element |
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Use the periodic table to determine an elements atomic number and atomic weight. |
D |
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Compare and contrast the terms: molecule and compound, and provide examples. |
Molecule- when 2 or more atoms share electrons. Compound- contains atoms of 2 or Moore different elements. |
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Relate the number of electrons in the valence shell to an atom's chemical stability and its ability to form chemical bonds(ionic and covalent) |
D |
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Describe the formation of cations and anions. |
Cations- positively charged ions Anion- negatively charged ions |
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Describe the formation of an ionic bond |
R |
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Provide the locations of most ionic bonds in the body |
D |
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Describe electrolytes and provide common examples in body fluids |
Ions dissolved in the body's fluids. Sodium ion- Na+ Hydrogen ion- H+ Hydroxide ion- OH- Cloride ions- Cl- |
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State the distribution of covalent bonds in the body compared to ionic bonds |
K |
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Describe the formation of single covalent, double covalent , and triple covalent bond |
Single covalent= 1 pair Double covalent= 2 pairs Triple covalent= 3 pairs |
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Interpret structural formulas and molecular formulas of molecules |
J |
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Compare and contrast nonpolar covalent and polar covalent bonds |
-polar (water, sugar, etc) unequal sharing-- Hydrophilic -non polar (oil,fats) equal sharing--- hydrophobic Ions are attracted to polar but not nonpolar compounds |
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Describe the formation of hydrogen bond |
Forms when a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge attracts the partial negative charge of electronegative atoms. |
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Compare the strength of hydrogen bonds to covalent bonds |
M |
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Specifically describe hydrogen bonding between water molecules |
Hydrogen bonds occur because hydrogen atoms in one water molecule are attracted to the partial negative charge of the oxygen atom in another water molecule. |
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Define metabolism |
K |
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Define chemical reaction |
K |
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Define reactants |
K |
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Define products |
J |
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Define work and energy and relate these terms to cell metabolism |
K |
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Describe the various forms of energy and state the law of conservation of energy |
K |
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Compare and contrast endergonic and exergonic reaction |
I |
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Explain the role of activation energy and catalyst (enzymes) in chemical reaction |
S |
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Define synthesis |
K |
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Define decomposition |
K |
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Define exchange |
J |
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Define reversible |
M |
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Define oxidation- reduction (redox) |
D |
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Distinguish between the terms solution, solvent, and solute |
X |
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Discuss the physiologically important properties of water |
J |
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Define the term pH |
Measures amount of H+ in solution |
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Define the term acid base |
K |
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Define the term salt |
M |
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Compare and acidic solution to an alkaline solution |
K |
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Define the term buffer and describe the importance of buffers in body fluids. |
Resist drastic changes in pH of a solution. Weak acids / weak bases do not fully ionized so they can react to changing conditions |
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Define the term organic compound |
M |
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Compare and contrast dehydration synthesis reactions and hydrolysis reaction |
M |
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Identify the monomers and polymers of (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) |
K |
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Describe general molecule structure of (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acid) |
D |
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Provide specific examples of (carbohydrates ,proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) |
S |
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Discuss physiologicalogical and structural roles in the human body of (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids |
C |
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Describe the four levels of protein structure and discuss the importance of protein shape for protein function |
D |
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Discuss the structure and function of enzymes in catalyzing biological reactions |
X |
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Describe the structure of ATP |
J |
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Explain the role of ATP hydrolysis and releasing energy for the cell. |
D |