• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/17

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

17 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
4 Properties of Muscle Tissue:
1. EXCITABILITY - responds to stimuli from neurons
2. CONTRACTILITY - is able to shorten
3. ELASTICITY - can recoil after contraction
4. EXTENSIBILITY - capable of extending during flexion of antagonist muscles
FUNCTIONS of muscles (6)
1. Movements (works with skeletal system)
2. Maintenance of posture
3. Temperature regulation
4. Storage and movement of materials (CALCIUM)
5. Support
6. Joint Stabilization
1. Tetanus - Cause and Effects
2. Botulism - Cause and Effects
3. Botox - facts
1. Casued by Clostridium tetani
- Causes muscle overstimulation and excessive muscle contraction
2. Casued by Clostridium botulinum
- Causes musclular paralysis
3. Approved by FDA in 2002. Lessens appearance of wrinkles, by paralyzing muscles. Lasts for 120 days.
3 TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE (names and descriptions)
1. Cardiac Muscle | striated | involuntary | Ex:(Heart)
2. Smooth Muscle | non-striated | involuntary | Ex: (Stomach, bladder, guts)
3. Skeletal Muscle | striated | voluntary | Ex: (leg and arm muscles)
CHARACTERISTICS OF CARDIAC MUSCLE
1. Where is it found?
2. shape of fibers?
3. How many nuclei?
4. Other characteristics
1. myocardium of heart
2. "Y" shaped or branched
3. Uni- or Binucleated
4. INTERCALATED discs (cells touch each other)
- Autorhythmic
- Striated
- Involuntary
CHARACTERISTICS OF SMOOTH MUSCLE:
1. Name of the shape they're in
2. Where is it found?
3. How many nuclei?
4. Other characteristics
1. FUSIFORM shape (wide middle with tapered ends)
2. found in walls of VISCERAL organs
3. Uninucleate
4. Fatigue resistant, non-striated, involuntary
CHARACTERISTICS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
1. What are they made of?
2. How many nuclei?
3. What's the name of the oxygen binding pigment?
4. Other Characteristics
1. made of muscle cells (fibers or myofibers)
2. mutlinucleate
3. contains myoglobin (pink color)
4. innervated (contains nerves), striated, vascular, and voluntary
CONNECTIVE TISSUE WRAPPINGS (order from simple to complex)
Endomysium
- fascicles -
Perimysium
Epimysium
Deep Fascia
CONNECTIVE TISSUE WRAPPINGS (describe)
1. Endomysium
2. fascicles
3. Perimysium
4. Epimysium
5. Deep Fascia
1. surronds each muscle fiber (areolar and reticular fibers)
2. a group of muscle fibers
3. surrounds group of muscle fibers (Dence irregular CT)
4. surrounds whole muscle (dense irregular CT)
5. surrounds muscle groups (dense irregular CT)
(all 4 are continuous with tendon to produce movement)
MUSCLE ATTACHMENT
1. Tendon (define)
2. Aponeurosis (define)
3. Origin (define)
4. Insertion (define)
1. Attach muscles to bones, skin, cartilage
2. a flat tendon (galea aponeurotica)
3. less moveable attachment of muslce
4. more moveable attachment
MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY (within the ENDOMYSIUM)
1. Sarcolemma
2. Sarcoplasm
3. Transverse (T) tubules
4. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
1. cell membrane
2. cytoplasm
3. invaginations of sarcolemma | conduct impulses to deepest regions of cell
4. Elaborate smooth ER | Surrounds each myofibril | STORES CALCIUM | contain terminal cisternae (part that touches the t-tubules. This is the cite of calcium release)
MYOFIBRILS
1. Where are they found?
2. What do they do during muscle contraction?
3. Name of the long row of repeating segments?
4. Composed of what?
1. inside muscle fibers
2. shorten during muscle contraction
3. sarcomeres
4. myofilaments
MYOFILAMENTS:
1. composition of thin filaments
2. composition of thick filaments
1. actin, troponin, and tropomyosin
2. myosin
REVEIW OF MUSCLE ANATOMY:
Order all from simple to complex
Actin and Myosin
Myofilament
Myofibril
Muscle fiber (cell)
Endomysium
Fascicle
Perimysium
Whole Muscle
Epimysium
Muscle Group
Deep Fascia
SARCOMERES
1. Functional unit of?
2. Defined from?
3. Gives what appearance to muscle?
1. Skeletal muscle
2. Z-disc to Z-disc
3. Striated appearance
SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY (process)
1. Start with Calcium...
2. Myosin heads...
3. Head swivels inward...
4. Mysoin heads release...
5. Powered by....
6. Triggered by....
1. Calcium (from sarcoplasmic reticulum) binds to TROPONIN causing the TTC (troponin-tropomyosin complex) to slide off the binding sites on actin
2. Myosin heads (thick) attach to actin (thin)
3. Head swivels inward, pulling the actin toward center of sarcomere
4. Myosin heads release, process is repeated
5. ATP powered
6. Calcium triggered
RIGOR MORTIS
1. Death is not an ______ but a ______.
2. what runs out a few hours after death?
3. What two things are affected by this?
4. After 15-24 hours, what deteriorate allowing muscles to relax?
1. event | process
2. ATP runs out
3. Myosin cannot detach from actin | Calcium cannot be taken up by SR