Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Fibrous Joints |
United by fibrous tissue, Movement depends upon the length of the fibers uniting the bones Sutures: only in skull, adjacent bones linked by sutural ligament, called frontanelles in neonates because bones of skull don't touch Syndesmosis-two adjacent bones linked by a sheet of tissue |
|
|
Cartilaginous Joints |
Bones united by cartilage Primary (synchondrosis) united by hyaline cartilage, permits growth, after full growth synchondrosis gets converted to synostosis ex: epiphyseal (growth) plate Secondary (symphysis) united by fibrocartilage, stronge, slightly movable ex: pubic symphysis, intervertebral disc. |
|
|
Synovial Joints |
Most common& important, provide free movement. These joints contain: A joint cavity Articular cartilage Synovial membrane A fibrous capsule |
|
|
Hinge |
Type of synovial joint Permit flexion and extension online ex: elbow and interphalangeal joints |
|
|
Pivot |
Type of synovial joing. Permits rotation around a long axis ex: atlantoaxial, proximal radioulnar joints |
|
|
Plane |
Type of synovial joint. Gliding movements limited by joing capsules. Ex: zygapophyseal, acromioclavicular joints. |
|
|
Condyloid (Ellipsoid) |
Type of synovial joint, permits flexion, extension, abduction and adduction ex: metacarpophalangeal joints. |
|
|
Ball and Socket |
Type of synovial joint. Freest- permits universal movements ex: hip and shoulder joints |
|
|
Saddle |
Type of synovial joint. Allows movements in several directions except rotation ex: carpometacarpal joint of thumb |
|
|
Sternoclavicular joint |
SADDLE joint- b/w clavicle and sternum, function as a ball-and-socket joint, extremely strong but very mobile. |
|
|
Sternoclavicular joint: movement |
Fibrous capsule is strong enough to support the weight of the upper limb. Elevation of clavicle, protraction and retraction, and some rotation The articular disc is strong and thick, it prevents medial displacement of clavicle and also acts as a shock absorber. Dislocation rarely occur except in old age, clavicle will fraction before dislocation. |
|
|
Acromioclavicular Joint |
PLANAR joint, strengthened by trapezius muscle. Dislocation of AC joint occurs when the coracoclavicular ligament is ruptured. |
|
|
Acromioclavicular joint: movement |
Reinforced primarily by coracoclavicular ligament Small amount of movement in superoinferior and anteroposterior axes as well as abduction/adduction. AKA joint can wiggle. AC dislocation ("shoulder separation") occurs in football and hockey due to fall on should or getting "driven into boards" |
|
|
Glenohumeral (shoulder) Joint |
Most mobile joint BALL AND SOCKET type. Enclosed by a thin and loose fibrous capsule. Stability is reinforced by external structures. |
|
|
4 reinforcements of Glenohumeral joint |
1. Tendons of rotator cuff muscles reinforce all sides of joint capsule, especially INFERIORLY. 2. Tendon of long head bi.br. reinforced ANTERIORLY, passes thru synovial cav. held by transverse ligament b/w greater/lesser tubercl 3. Coracoacromial ligament prevents superior dis 4. Glenoid Labrum |
|
|
Glenoid Labrum |
Fibrocartilagenous lip surrounding glenoid fossa/cavity,Deepens the socket a little Glenohumoral joint can abduct about 120, after about 90 scapula begins to rotate. Flexion range exceeds hypertension range Lateral and medial rotation. Shallowness of glenoid cavity and laxity of capsule result in loss of stability, joint strengthened by rot. cuf and coracoacromial arch. |
|
|
Summary of stabalizing structures |
Superior:glenoid labrum, coracoacromial lig, long head of biceps brachii Lateral: rotator cuff tendons, long head bicep. br Anterior: glenoid labrum, long head bi, br. subscapularis Posterior: glenoid labrum, acromion proc. supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor Inferior Glenoid Labrum |
|
|
Subluxation of Shoulder "dislocation of shoulder" |
Most often dislocated b/c high instability Ant/Inf disloc. more common in contact sports cause by forced extension and lateral rotation Head of humerus driven ant. can avulse fibrous capsule and glenoidal labrum from anterior aspect of glenoid cavity
|
|
|
Elbow Joint |
HINGE joint, permits flexion and extension Has 3 articulars 1. Humeroulnar: trochlea to trochlear notch 2. Humeroradial: capitulum to radial head The olecranon process, and coronoid process form the trochlear notch of ulna. |
|
|
Ulnar Collateral Ligament |
Limits Abduction Anterior cord-like band is strongest Posterior fan-like band is weakest Oblique band deepens the trochlear notch. Rupture, tearing and stretching common in athletic throwing (baseball pitching, javelin throwing, water polo) |
|
|
Radial Collateral Ligament |
Limits Adductions |
|
|
Anular Ligament of Radius |
Holds head of radius against ulna |
|
|
Proximal Radiulnar Joint |
Elbow joint is surrounded by fibrous joint capsule. Radial head rotates (supinates and pronates) Enclosed by anular ligament & radial notch of ulna. |
|
|
Distal Radiulnar Joint |
Distal radius moves around distal ulna (supinates and pronates) Articular disc b/w ulna and radius holds them together. |
|
|
Wrist (radicarpal) Joint |
Joint b/w radius, scaphoid and lunate. Ulna does not participate Condyloid (ellipsoid) joint Movements of the wrist: adduction, abduction, flexion, extension and circumduction |
|
|
Important wrist ligaments |
Ulnar and radial collateral ligaments are poorly developed. Palmar radiocarpal, palmar ulnocarpal, and palmar radioulnar ligaments limter hyperextension ie. falling on an outstretched hand Dorsal radiulnar, dorsal ulnocarple, ulnar radiocarpal ***Dorsal lig. are weaker then palmar |
|
|
Flexion and Extension of Wrist Joint |
Flexion and extension occur simultaneously in radicarpal joint and midcarpal joint |
|
|
Adduction and Abduction of Wrist Joint |
Adduction is greater then Abduction Abduction limited by styloid process of radius |
|
|
Carpometacarpal Joints |
. B/w carpals and metacarpals, Digits 2-5, PLANE joints, not much movement Thumb (digit 1) SADDLE joint, connects trapezium w/1st metacarpal, lots of movement (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, opposition |
|
|
Metacarpophalangeal Joints |
CONDYLOID joints Allows flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, and circumduction Metacarpal heads united by deep transverse metacarpal ligament |
|
|
Interphalangeal Joints |
HINGE type, allows only flexion and extension, palmar ligaments (plates) create a smooth surface for digital tendons to glide upon. |
