Anatomy Lecture 1

Front 1

The study of the structure of the human body is what?

Back 1

Anatomy

Front 2

The study of the function of the human body is what?

Back 2

Physiology

Front 3

He was a Greek physician who wrote one of the most influential anatomy textbooks of all time. He lived in from about 100-200 AD.

Back 3

Galen

Front 4

Who questioned the accuracy of earlier authors and commissioned the first accurate anatomical illustrations fro his book "On the Structure of the Human Body"

Back 4

Andreas Vesalius

Front 5

What is another name for deceased bodies?

Back 5

Cadavers

Front 6

What is the study of structures that are visible to the naked eye?

Back 6

Surface anatomy

Front 7

What is the study of internal structures by using things such as x-rays, etc.?

Back 7

Radiologic anatomy

Front 8

What is the study of the body under a microscope?

Back 8

Microscopic anatomy

Front 9

What is the study of tissue?

Back 9

Histology

Front 10

What is the study of cells?

Back 10

Cytology

Front 11

What are the smallest chemical units?

Back 11

Atoms

Front 12

What are the chemical structures that can be put together to form organelles?

Back 12

Molecules

Front 13

These are microscopic structures in a cell that carry out individual functions?

Back 13

Organelles

Front 14

What are the smallest units of an organism that carry out all the basic functions of life?

Back 14

Cells

Front 15

What is the smallest thing that is considered to be alive?

Back 15

Cells

Front 16

This is a mass of similar cells and cell products that form a discrete region of an organ and performs a specific function?

Back 16

A tissue

Front 17

What is a structure composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform a particular function?

Back 17

An organ

Front 18

What is a group of organs that carry out basic functions of an organism?

Back 18

An organ system

Front 19

What are three examples of organ systems?

Back 19

Circulation, respiration, and digestion

Front 20

What is a single, complete individual?

Back 20

An organism

Front 21

Name the level of the human structure in increasing order.

Back 21

Atom, molecule, organelles, cells, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Front 22

What four conditions must be met for someone to be in anatomical position?

Back 22

- Body is erect
- Feet are parallel to each other and flat on the floor
- Eyes directed forward
- Arms at the sides of the body with the palms turned forward and fingers pointed down

Front 23

Why do we use anatomical position?

Back 23

It provides a precise frame of reference

Front 24

What is the term that refers to the palms being face up or forward?

Back 24

Supine

Front 25

What is the term that refers to the palms being face down or rearward?

Back 25

Prone

Front 26

How many anatomical planes are there?

Back 26

Three

Front 27

Which anatomical plane divides into left and right portions?

Back 27

Sagittal plane

Front 28

Which anatomical plane divides into equal left and right halves?

Back 28

Midsagittal plane

Front 29

Which anatomical plane divides into front and back portions?

Back 29

Coronal or frontal plane

Front 30

Which anatomical plane divides into upper and lower portions?

Back 30

Transverse plane

Front 31

This term means toward the head.

Back 31

Superior

Front 32

This term means away from the head.

Back 32

Inferior

Front 33

This term means toward the front.

Back 33

Anterior

Front 34

This term means toward the back.

Back 34

Posterior

Front 35

This term means toward the midline of the body.

Back 35

Medial

Front 36

This term means away from the midline of the body.

Back 36

Lateral

Front 37

This term means toward the trunk of the body.

Back 37

Proximal

Front 38

This term means away from the trunk of the body.

Back 38

Distal

Front 39

How many body regions are there and what are they called?

Back 39

Two
- Axial Region
- Appendicular Region

Front 40

What does the axial region contain?

Back 40

- Head
- Cervical region (neck)
- Trunk region

Front 41

This region lies above the diaphragm.

Back 41

Thoracic region

Front 42

This region lies below the diaphragm.

Back 42

Abdominal region

Front 43

How many regions can the abdominal region be divided into and what are the names?

Back 43

Four with intersecting lines through the umbilicus (belly button)
- Right upper quadrant
- Right lower quadrant
- Left upper quadrant
- Left lower quadrant

Or nine if divided by a tic-tac-toe grid

Front 44

What is the scientific name for the belly button?

Back 44

Umbilicus

Front 45

The trunk region is made up of what other two regions?

Back 45

The thoracic and abdominal region

Front 46

Why are different regions used in abdominal region?

Back 46

It is used to describe the location of pain

Front 47

What is contained in the appendicular region in general?

Back 47

The upper limbs (upper extremities) and the lower limbs (lower extremities)

Front 48

The upper limbs consist of what?

Back 48

The brachial region, antebrachium, carpus, manus, and digits

Front 49

What does the brachial region refer to?

Back 49

The arm, just shoulder to elbow

Front 50

What does the ante brachium refer to?

Back 50

Forearm

Front 51

What does the carpus refer to?

Back 51

Wrist

Front 52

What does the manus refer to?

Back 52

Hand

Front 53

What are digits?

Back 53

Fingers or toes

Front 54

The lower limbs consist of what?

Back 54

The femoral region, crus or crural region, tarsus, pes, and digits

Front 55

What does the femoral region refer to?

Back 55

Thigh

Front 56

What does the crus or crural region refer to?

Back 56

The leg, just knee to ankle

Front 57

What does the tarsus refer to?

Back 57

Ankle

Front 58

What does the pes refer to?

Back 58

Foot

Front 59

What are spaces inside the body referred to as?

Back 59

Cavities of the body

Front 60

An organ within a cavity is covered and held in place by what?

Back 60

Membranes

Front 61

The organs that are found within the cavities are referred to as what?

Back 61

Viscera

Front 62

How many body cavities are there and what are they called?

Back 62

Two

The dorsal and ventral body cavities

Front 63

How many subdivisions are found within the dorsal body cavity, what are they, and what do they contain?

Back 63

Two

The cranial cavity contains the brain and the vertebral cavity contains the spinal cord

Front 64

How many subdivisions are found within the ventral body cavity, what are they and what do they contain?

Back 64

Two

The thoracic cavity contains the organs above the diaphragm and the abdominopelvic cavity contains the organs below the diaphragm

Front 65

What type of organs lie in the thoracic cavity?

Back 65

The heart and lungs

Front 66

What type of organs lie in the abdominopelvic cavity?

Back 66

Digestive oragans, the spleen, kidneys, and ureters

Front 67

What cavity is found within the abdominopelvic cavity and what does it contain?

Back 67

The pelvic cavity which contains the urinary bladder and reproductive organs

Front 68

How many organ systems are there and what are their names?

Back 68

Ten

The integumentary system, skeletal system, muscular system, nervous system, endocrine system, circulatory system, respiratory system, urinary system, digestive system, and the reproductive system

Front 69

What is found in the integumentary system and what are its functions?

Back 69

Skin, hair, and nails

Protection, water retention, thermoregulation, and cutaneous sensation

Front 70

What is found in the skeletal system and what are its functions?

Back 70

Bones, cartilages, and ligaments

Support, movement, protection of viscera, and blood formation

Front 71

What is found in the muscular system and what are its functions?

Back 71

Skeletal muscles

Movement, stability, heat production, and control of body openings

Front 72

What is found in the nervous system and what are its functions?

Back 72

The brain, spinal cord, nerves, and ganglia

Rapid internal communication and coordination and sensation

Front 73

What is found in the endocrine system and what are its functions?

Back 73

Pituitary glands, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, etc.

Internal chemical communication and coordination

Front 74

What is found in the circulatory system and what are its functions?

Back 74

The heart and blood vessels

Distribution of hormones, electrolytes, heat, immune cells, etc.

Front 75

What is found in the respiratory system and what are its functions?

Back 75

The nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Absorption of oxygen, discharge of carbon dioxide, speech, etc.

Front 76

What is found in the urinary system and what are its functions?

Back 76

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Elimination of wastes, regulation of electrolyte and acid-base balance

Front 77

What is found in the digestive system and what are its functions?

Back 77

Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, intestines

Nutrient breakdown and absorptions

Front 78

What is found in the reproductive system and what are their functions?

Back 78

In males:
Testes, epididymides, spermatic ducts, seminal vesicles, penis, etc.

Production and delivery of sperm

In females:
Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, mammary glands, etc.

Production of egg, site of fertilization and fetal development, fetal nourishment, birth, lactation