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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the opening of the larynx called?
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The aditus
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What is the vestibule of the larynx located?
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From the aditus to the vesibular folds (above the false cords)
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What is the area between the true and false cords?
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The ventricle
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Where is the infraglottic cavity?
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Area below the true vocal fold
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What are the four cartilages of the larynx?
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Thyroid
Cricoid Epiglottis Arytenoids |
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What portion of the arytenoid articulates with the true vocal cord?
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Vocal process
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Describe the articulation of the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage.
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Synovial joint
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How is the arytenoids connected to the cricoid cartilage?
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Through a synovial joint
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What is the membrane between the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage?
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Thyrohyoid membrane
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What is the membrane between the thyroid and cricoid cartilages?
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Cricothyroid membrane
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What structures pass through the thyrohyoid membrane?
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Internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve from X
Superior laryngeal artery and vein |
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Where is the vestibular ligament?
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Ligament of the false vocal cord
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What are the boundaries of the quadrangle ligament?
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Medially: epiglottic cartilage
Inferiorly: forms the false vocal fold |
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The free edge of what structure forms the true vocal fold and vocal ligament?
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Conus elasticus
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What structures form the glottis?
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True vocal fold and the slit between the vocal folds
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The Crico-thyroid joint allow movement in which plane?
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Transverse plane
flexion/extension of the head |
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The Cricoarytenoid joint allows movement on which axes?
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Vertical
Horizontal |
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Movement of the arytenoids results in what type of movements in the vocal ligaments?
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Whether rotation on the vertical axis or movement on the horizontal axis, movement results in abduction/adduction of the vocal fold.
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Which muscles control adduction/abduction of the vocal folds on the vertical axis?
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Lateral and posterior cricoarytenoids
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Which muscles control the gliding movements of the arytenoids?
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transverse and oblique arytenoids
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What muscle acts as a tensor of the vocal folds?
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cricothyroid
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What is the action of the cricothyroid?
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Flex/extend cricothyroid joint
Stretches vocal fold |
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What muscle is an abductor of the vocal folds?
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Posterior cricoarytenoids
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What muscles are adductors of the vocal folds?
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Lateral cricoarytenoid
Transverse arytenoid Oblique arytenoid |
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What muscle is a relaxor of the vocal fold?
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thyroarytenoid
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What muscles control the laryngeal inlet?
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Oblique arytenoid
Thyroepiglottic muscle |
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What does the contraction of the aryepiglottics and the thyroepiglotic muscles do?
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Decrease the size of the aditus
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What is the action of the posterior cricoarytenoid?
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Abduction
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What is the action of the lateral cricoarytenoids?
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Adduction
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What is the action of the Oblique arytenoid?
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Adduction
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What is the action of the transverse arytenoids?
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Adduction
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What is the action of the vocalis muscle?
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relaxation
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What is the action of the thyroarytenoid?
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Relaxation
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What it the action of the cricothyroid muscle?
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Tensing: pulls the thyroid and cricocartilages together. Stretching the vocal ligament
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What is the only abductor of the arytenoid?
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posterior cricoarytenoid
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Describe the cough reflex.
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In: X
Out: X and phrenic |
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What is the lowest constrictor in the pharynx?
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cricopharyngeus
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What structures are formed by the merging of the medial nasal prominence?
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Philtrum
Incisors Triangular primary palate until the incisive canal |
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What embryonic structure will form the hard palate posterior to the incisive canal?
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maxillary prominence
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What structure opens into the inferior nasal meatus?
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Nasolacrimal duct
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What structures are visible in the middle nasal meatus?
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Bulla
Hiatus semilunaris |
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Which sinuses open into the hiatus semilunaris?
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Frontal sinus (superior opening)
Maxillary sinus (inferior opening) |
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What structure opens onto the bulla in the middle nasal meatus?
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ethmoid air cells
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What sinus opening is most posteriosuperior in the nasal cavity?
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Opening to the sphenoidal sinus in the sphenoethmoidal recess
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What bones form the medial wall of the nasal cavity?
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Ethmoid
Septal cartilage Vomer |
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The nasal cavity receives three sources of blood supply. What are they?
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Sphenopalatine- Maxillary branch
Ethmoidal artery Facial artery |
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What nerves supply innervation to the medial wall of the nasal cavity?
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Anterior Ethmoid (V1)
Nasopalatine (V2) |
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What nerve passes through the incisive canal to innervate the mucosa of the palate?
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Nasopalatine (V2)
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What sinuses are present 1 year after birth?
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Only maxillary
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What sinuses are present at age 6?
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Sphenoid
Ethmoid air cells Maxillary |
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What sinuses are present at age 10?
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Maxillary
Sphenoid Ethmoid Frontal |
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How do the sinuses development from age 10 to 21?
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Get larger
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At what age are all sinuses present?
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10 yrs
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What two openings allow access to the pterygopalatine fossa?
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Foramen rotundum
pterygoid canal |
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What structure passes through the foramen rotundum?
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V2 - Maxillary nerve
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What structure passes through the pterygoid canal to gain the pterygopalatine fossa?
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Nerve of the pterygoid canal: Greater petrosal + Deep petrosal
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What does the deep petrosal nerve carry?
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Sympathetics from the carotid plexus
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What nerve supplies the parasympathetic fibers to the pterygopalatine ganglion?
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Greater petrosal
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How does blood supply reach the pterygopalatine fossa?
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Via the pterygomaxillary fissure
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Through what openings do structures leave the pterygopalatine fossa?
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Inferior orbital fissure (Infraorbital nerve)
Palatine canal (G/L palatine nerves) Sphenopalatine foramen (Nasopalatine nerve) |
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What branches come off of the pterygopalatine ganglion?
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Lateral nasal branches
Greater and lesser palatine nerves nasopalatine nerve |
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What opening connects the nasal cavity with the pterygopalatine fossa?
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Sphenopalatine foramen
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What two nerve branches communicate at the incisive canal?
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Greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves
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How does the greater petrosal get to the lacrimal gland?
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Joins deep petrosal (sympathetics) prior to reaching the pterygopalatine ganglion. Rides zygomaticotemporal (V2) until it jumps to the lacrimal nerve (V1) to the lacrimal gland.
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What does the greater petrosal carry?
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parasympathetic to the lacrimal gland
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