Anatomy Lab Test 2

Front 1

Sternocleidomastoid

Back 1

Flexes and laterally rotates the head

origin - sternum, clavicle
insertion - mastoid process of temporal

Front 2

Trapezius

Back 2

Stabilizes, raises, retracts, and rotates scapula

O—occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of C7 and all thoracic vertebrae
I—a continuous insertion along acromion and spine of scapula and lateral third of clavicle

Front 3

Deltoid

Back 3

Prime mover of arm abduction when all its fibers contract simultaneously

O—embraces insertion of the trapezius; lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula
I—deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Front 4

Infraspinatus

Back 4

Rotates humerus laterally

O—infraspinous fossa of scapula
I—greater tubercle of humerus posterior to insertion of supraspinatus

Front 5

Teres major

Back 5

Extends, medially rotates, and adducts humerus;

O—posterior surface of scapula at inferior angle
I—crest of lesser tubercle on anterior humerus; insertion tendon fused with that of latissimus dorsi

Front 6

Latissimus dorsi

Back 6

Prime mover of arm extension; powerful arm adductor; medially rotates arm at shoulder;

O—indirect attachment via lumbodorsal fascia
into spines of lower six thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, lower 3 to 4 ribs, and iliac crest; also from scapula’s inferior angle
I—spirals around teres major to insert in floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Front 7

Gluteus medius

Back 7

Abducts and medially rotates thigh

O—between anterior and posterior gluteal lines on lateral surface of ilium
I—by short tendon into lateral aspect of greater trochanter of femur

Front 8

Gluteus maximus

Back 8

Major extensor of thigh;

origin - iliac crest, sacrum
insertion - linea aspera of femur (gluteal tuberosity)

Front 9

Adductor magnus

Back 9

posterior part is a synergist of hamstrings to extend thigh

O—ischial and pubic rami and ischial tuberosity
I—linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur

Front 10

Biceps femoris

Back 10

Extends thigh and flexes knee;

O—ischial tuberosity (long head); linea aspera, lateral supracondylar line, and distal femur (short head)
I—common tendon passes downward and laterally (forming lateral border of popliteal fossa) to insert into head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

Front 11

Semitendinosus

Back 11

Extends thigh and flexes knee

O—ischial tuberosity in common with long head of biceps femoris
I—medial aspect of upper tibial shaft

Front 12

Semimembranosus

Back 12

Extends thigh and flexes knee;

O—ischial tuberosity
I—medial condyle of tibia; via oblique popliteal ligament to lateral condyle of femur

Front 13

Triceps brachii

Back 13

Powerful forearm extensor

O—long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula; lateral head: posterior shaft of humerus; medial head: posterior humeral shaft distal to radial groove
I—by common tendon into olecranon of ulna

Front 14

Brachialis

Back 14

A major forearm flexor

O—front of distal humerus; embraces insertion of deltoid muscle
I—coronoid process of ulna and capsule of elbow joint

Front 15

Brachioradialis

Back 15

Synergist in flexing forearm;

O—lateral supracondylar ridge at distal end of
humerus
I—base of radial styloid process

Front 16

Iliotibial tract

Back 16

d

Front 17

Gastrocnemius

Back 17

Plantar flexes foot

O—by two heads from medial and lateral condyles of femur
I—posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Front 18

Soleus

Back 18

Plantar flexes foot

O—extensive origin from superior tibia, fibula, and
interosseous membrane
I—as for gastrocnemius

Front 19

Calcaneal tendon

Back 19

(Achilles)

Front 20

Temporalis

Back 20

O—temporal fossa
I—coronoid process of mandible via a tendon that passes deep to zygomatic arch

Closes jaw;

Front 21

Masseter

Back 21

O—zygomatic arch and zygomatic bone
I—angle and ramus of mandible

Prime mover of jaw closure; elevates mandible

Front 22

Trapezius

Back 22

O—occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae,
and spinous processes of C7 and all thoracic vertebrae
I—a continuous insertion along acromion and
spine of scapula and lateral third of clavicle

Stabilizes, raises, retracts, and rotates scapula

Front 23

Deltoid

Back 23

O—embraces insertion of the trapezius;
lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula
I—deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Prime mover of arm abduction when all its fibers contract simultaneously;

Front 24

Triceps brachii

Back 24

O—long head: infraglenoid tubercle
of scapula; lateral head: posterior shaft of humerus; medial head: posterior humeral shaft distal to radial groove
I—by common tendon into olecranon of ulna

Powerful forearm extensor

Front 25

Biceps brachii

Back 25

origin - glenoid fossa, corocoid process of scapula
insertion - radial tuberosity

Front 26

Brachialis

Back 26

O—front of distal humerus; embraces
insertion of deltoid muscle
I—coronoid process of ulna and capsule of elbow joint

A major forearm flexor

Front 27

Pronator teres

Back 27

O—medial epicondyle of humerus; coronoid process of ulna
I—by common tendon into lateral radius, midshaft

Pronates forearm; weak flexor of elbow

Front 28

Brachioradialis

Back 28

arises from the distal humerus and inserts
on the distal forearm, it resides mainly in the forearm. Its force
is exerted far from the fulcrum, so the brachioradialis is a weak
forearm flexor

Front 29

Iliopsoas

Back 29

Iliopsoas is a composite of two closely related muscles (iliacus and psoas major) whose fibers pass under the
inguinal ligament (see Figure 10.12) to insert via a common tendon on the femur.

Front 30

Pectineus

Back 30

O—pubis (and superior
ramus)
I—from lesser trochanter
inferior to the linea
aspera on posterior
aspect of femur

Adducts, flexes, and
medially rotates thigh

Front 31

Rectus femoris

Back 31

origin - anterior inferior iliac spine
insertion - proximal anterior surface of tibia

Extends knee and flexes thigh at hip

Front 32

Vastus lateralis

Back 32

origin - linea aspera of femur

insertion - proximal anterior surface of tibia

Extends and stabilizes knee

Front 33

Vastus medialis

Back 33

origin - linea aspera of femur

insertion - proximal anterior surface of tibia

Extends knee

Front 34

Tibialis anterior

Back 34

O—lateral condyle and
upper 2/3 of tibial shaft;
interosseous membrane
I—by tendon into
inferior surface of medial
cuneiform and first
metatarsal bone

Prime mover of
dorsiflexion; inverts foot;
helps support medial
longitudinal arch of foot

Front 35

Epicranius, frontal belly

Back 35

Front 36

Orbicularis oculi

Back 36

Front 37

Zygomaticus

Back 37

Front 38

Orbicularis oris

Back 38

Front 39

Sternocleidomastoid

Back 39

Front 40

Pectoralis major

Back 40

origin - clavical, sternum
insertion - greater tubercle of humerus

Front 41

Serratus anterior

Back 41

O—by a series of muscle
slips from ribs 1–8 (or 9)
I—entire anterior surface
of vertebral border of
scapula

Rotates scapula so its
inferior angle moves
laterally and upward;

Front 42

Rectus abdominis

Back 42

Front 43

External oblique

Back 43

Front 44

Internal oblique

Back 44

Front 45

Transversus abdominis

Back 45

Front 46

Tensor fasciae latae

Back 46

O—anterior aspect of
iliac crest and anterior
superior iliac spine
I—iliotibial tract*

Steadies the knee and
trunk on thigh by making
iliotibial tract taut; flexes
and abducts thigh; rotates
thigh medially

Front 47

Sartorius

Back 47

origin - anterior superior iliac spine
insertion - medial surface tibia

Flexes, abducts, and
laterally rotates thigh;
flexes knee (weak) as in a
soccer kick; helps produce
the cross-legged position

Front 48

Adductor longus

Back 48

O—pubis near pubic
symphysis
I—linea aspera

Adducts, flexes, and
medially rotates thigh

Front 49

Gracilis

Back 49

O—inferior ramus and
body of pubis and
adjacent ischial ramus
I—medial surface of tibia
just inferior to its medial
condyle

Adducts thigh, flexes
and medially rotates leg,
especially during walking

Front 50

Gastrocnemius

Back 50

origin - medial and lateral condyles of femur
insertion - calcaneous via Achilles tendon
Plantar flexes foot when
knee is extended; because
it also crosses knee joint,
it can flex knee when
foot is dorsiflexed

Front 51

Soleus

Back 51

O—extensive origin from
superior tibia, fibula, and
interosseous membrane
I—as for gastrocnemius

Plantar flexes foot; important
locomotor and postural
muscle during walking,
running, and dancing

Front 52

White matter,
gray matter,
posterior horn,
anterior horn,
central canal,
sensory root,
sensory root ganglion (sensory neuron cell
body, nucleus),
motor root,
motor neurons

Back 52

Front 53

cell
location
parts

Back 53

Front 54

cell
location
parts

Back 54

Front 55

cell
location
parts

Back 55

Front 56

motor area?

Back 56

Front 57

primary motor area

Back 57

Front 58

premotor cortex (planning)

Back 58

Front 59

Frontal eye field

Back 59

Front 60

prefrontal corted
working memory for spatial tasks

Back 60

Front 61

prefrontal
executive area for task management

Back 61

Front 62

broca's area

Back 62

Front 63

working memory for object recall tasks

Back 63

Front 64

solving complex, multitask problems

Back 64

Front 65

Primary somatosensory cortex

Back 65

Front 66

somatosensory association area

Back 66

Front 67

gustatory cortex

Back 67

Front 68

Wernicke's area

Back 68

Front 69

primary visual cortex

Back 69

Front 70

visual association area

Back 70

Front 71

auditory association area

Back 71

Front 72

primary auditory cortex

Back 72

Front 73

Hypothalamus

Back 73

Front 74

optic chiasma

Back 74

Front 75

pituitary gland

Back 75

Front 76

mammillary body

Back 76

Front 77

pons

Back 77

Front 78

medulla oblongata

Back 78

Front 79

spinal cord

Back 79

Front 80

corpus callosum

Back 80

Front 81

choroid plexus

Back 81

Front 82

thalamus(encloses third ventricle)

Back 82

Front 83

pineal gland

Back 83

Front 84

corpora quadrigemina

Back 84

Front 85

cerebral aqueduct

Back 85

Front 86

arbor vitae

Back 86

Front 87

fourth ventricle

Back 87

Front 88

choroid plexus

Back 88

Front 89

cerebellum

Back 89

Front 90

Epidural Space
Subdural Space
Subarachnoid Space

Back 90

Front 91

Frontal lobe of cerebellum
Optic chiasma
parietal lobe
cerebellum
pineal gland
arbor vitae
corpora quadrigemina
fourth ventricle
medulla oblongata
pons

Back 91

Front 92

Olfactory bulb
Optic nerve
Pituitary/Mammillary Body
Pons
Medulla oblongata

Back 92

Front 93

I. Olfactory

Back 93

Purely sensory-carries impulses for sense of
smell .

Person is asked to sniff and identify aromatic
substances, such as oil of cloves and vanilla

Front 94

II. Optic

Back 94

Vision and visual field are determined with eye
chart and by testing the point at which the person
first sees an object (finger) moving into the visual
field. Eye interior viewed with ophthalmoscope
to detect swelling of optic disc (point at
which optic nerve leaves the eye) and to observe
blood vessels.

Front 95

III. Oculomotor

Back 95

Mixed-motor fibers to inferior oblique and
superior, inferior, and medial rectus muscles,
which direct eyeball; to levator palpebrae
muscles of eyelid; to iris and smooth muscle
controlling lens shape and pupil size.

Pupils are examined for size, shape, and equality.
Pupillary reflex is tested with penlight (pupils
should constrict when illuminated). Convergence
for near vision is tested, as is subject's ability to
follow objects up, down, side to side, and
diagonally with eyes.

Front 96

IV. Trochlear

Back 96

Mixed-provides motor fibers to superior
oblique muscle (an extrinsic eye muscle).

Tested in common with cranial nerve III.

Front 97

V. Trigeminal

Back 97

Mixed-conducts sensory impulses from skin
of face and anterior scalp, from mucosae of
mouth and nose. Also contains motor fibers
that activate the chewing muscles.

Sensations of pain, touch, and temperature are
tested with safety pin and hot and cold objects.
Corneal reflex tested with wisp of cotton. Motor
branch assessed by asking person to clench his
teeth, open mouth against resistance, and move
jaw side to side.

Front 98

VI. abducens

Back 98

Carries motor fibers to lateral rectus muscle
of eye.

Tested in common with cranial nerve III.

Front 99

VII. facial

Back 99

Mixed-supplies motor fibers to muscles of
facial expression and to lacrimal and salivary
glands; carries sensory fibers from taste
receptors of anterior tongue.

Anterior two-thirds of tongue is tested for ability
to taste sweet (sugar), salty, sour (vinegar), and
bitter (quinine) substances. Symmetry of face is
checked. Subject is asked to close eyes, smile,
whistle, and so on. Tearing is assessed with
ammonia fumes.

Front 100

VIII. vestibulocochlear

Back 100

Purely sensory-transmits impulses for senses
of equilibrum and hearing.

Hearing is checked by air and bone conduction
using tuning fork.

Front 101

IX. glossopharyngeal

Back 101

Mixed-motor fibers serve pharyngeal
muscles and salivary glands; sensory fibers
carry impulses from pharynx, posterior tongue
(taste buds), and pressure receptors of carotid
artery.

Gag and swallowing reflexes are checked. Subject
is asked to speak and cough. Posterior third of
tongue may be tested for taste.

Front 102

X. vagus

Back 102

Mixed-Motor fibers to pharynx and larynx
and sensory fibers from same structures; a very
large portion is composed of parasympathetic
motor fibers, which supply heart and smooth
muscles of abdominal visceral organs; transmits
sensory impulses from viscera.

As for cranial nerve IX (IX and X are tested in
common, because they both serve muscles of throat
and mouth).

Front 103

XI accessory

Back 103

Mixed-provides motor fibers to
sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

Sterncleidomastoid and trapezius muscles are
checked for strength by asking person to rotate
head and elevate shoulders against resistance.

Front 104

XII. hypoglossal

Back 104

M ixed-motor fibers serve muscles of tongue
and sensory fibers carry impulses from tongue.

Person is asked to protrude and retract tongue.
Any deviations in position are noted.

Front 105

Back 105

Front 106

Back 106

Front 107

Back 107

Front 108

Back 108

Front 109

Back 109

Front 110

Back 110