Anatomy Lab Exercise 8 Overview Of The Skeleton

Front 1

Cartilage tissue

Bone tissue

Back 1

Two tissue types that form skeleton

Front 2

Functions of the skeletal system

Back 2

Support and protects body as an internal framework, provides a system of levers which the skeletal muscles work to move the body. Store lipids and many minerals (calcium). Provide a site for hematopoiesis (blood cell formation)

Front 3

Long Bones (Femur, phalanges)

Short Bones (Cube shaped, spongy bone, tarsals and carpals)

Flat bones (Thin, two layers of compact bone sandwiching a thicker layer of spongy bone)

Back 3

3 Major Groups of Bones Based on Shape

Front 4

Axial Skeleton (Bones that lie around the body's center of gravity)

Appendicular Skeleton (Bones of the limbs, or appendages)

Back 4

Subdivisions of the Skeleton

Front 5

Cranium

Facial Bones

Back 5

Skull (2)

Front 6

Sternum

Rib

Thoracic Vertebrae

Back 6

Thoracic Cage (3)

Front 7

Vertebrae

Bones of pelvic girdle

Back 7

Vertebral column (2)

Front 8

Know these bones of the upper limb

Back 8

Clavicle

Scapula

Humerus

Radius

Ulna

Carpals

Metacarpals

Phalanges

Front 9

Know these bones of the lower trunk

Back 9

Ilium

Ischium

Pubis

Bones of Pelvic Girdle

Front 10

Know the bones of the lower limb

Back 10

Femur

Patella

Tibia

Fibula

Talus

Tarsals

Metatarsal

Phalanges

Front 11

-Articular cartilages: Cover the bone ends at movable joints

-Costal cartilages: Connect the ribs to the sternum (breastbone)

-Laryngeal cartilages: Largely construct the larynx (voice box)

-Tracheal and bronchial cartilages: Reinforce other passageways of the respiratory system

-Nasal cartilages: Support the external nose

-Intervertebral discs: Separate and cushion the vertebrae

-Elastic Cartilage supporting the external ear

Back 11

Cartilages of the Skeleton

Front 12

Projects that are sites of Muscle and Ligament Attachment

Back 12

Tuberosity

Crest

Trochanter

Line

Tubercle

Epicondyle

Spine

Process

Front 13

Tuberosity

Back 13

Large rounded projection; may be roughened

Front 14

Crest

Back 14

Narrow ridge of bone, usually prominent projection

Front 15

Trochanter

Back 15

Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (only on femur)

Front 16

Line

Back 16

Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest projection

Front 17

Tubercle

Back 17

Small rounded projection or process

Front 18

Epicondyle

Back 18

Raised area on or above a condyle projection

Front 19

Spine

Back 19

Sharp, slender, often pointed projection

Front 20

Process

Back 20

Any bony prominence

Front 21

Projections that help form joints

Back 21

Head

Facet

Condyle

Ramus

Front 22

Head

Back 22

Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

Front 23

Facet

Back 23

Smooth, nearly flat articular surface

Front 24

Condyle

Back 24

Rounded articular projection

Front 25

Ramus

Back 25

Armlike bar of bone

Front 26

Depressions and Openings for Passage of Blood Vessels and Nerves

Back 26

Groove

Fissure

Foramen

Notch

Front 27

Groove

Back 27

Furrow (depression)

Front 28

Fissure

Back 28

Narrow, slitlike opening

Front 29

Foramen

Back 29

Round or oval opening through a bone

Front 30

Notch

Back 30

Indentation at the edge of a structure

Front 31

Other Depressions and cavities

Back 31

Meatus

Sinus

Fossa

Front 32

Meatus

Back 32

Canal-like passageway

Front 33

Sinus

Back 33

Bone cavity filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

Front 34

Fossa

Back 34

Shallow basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

Front 35

Gross Anatomy of the Typical Long Bone

Back 35

- Diaphysis or shaft: smooth surface of compact bone

- Periosteum: fibrous membrane covering made up of dense irregular connective tissue

- Perforating (Sharpey's fibers): collagen fibers penetrating into bone from periosteum

- Epiphysis: End of the long bone, composed of thin layer of compact bone that encloses spongy bone

- Articular cartilage: Covers epiphysis, glassy hyaline cartilage provides smooth surface to minimize friction at joints

- Epiphyseal lines: Area of hyaline cartilage that is replaced with bone after growth

- Medullary cavity: Central cavity of the shaft store adipose (yellow marrow) or red marrow when an infant

Front 36

Chemical Composition of Bone

Back 36

-Hardness comes from the inorganic calcium salts deposited in its ground substance

-Flexibility comes from the organic elements of the matrix, collagen fibers

Front 37

Heating removes the organic part of the bone, acid dissolves the minerals

Back 37

Effects of Heat and Hydrochloric Acid on Bones

Front 38

Examples of long bones

Back 38

Femur

Phalanges

Examples of what shape of bone?

Front 39

Examples of short bones

Back 39

Examples of what shape of bone?

Tarsals

Carpals

Front 40

Examples of Flat bones

Back 40

Examples of what shape of bone?

Skull

Front 41

Example of irregular bone

Back 41

Examples of what shape of bone?

Vertebrae

Front 42

The Periosteum serves as an attachment point for muscles and bones through tendons and ligaments.

Back 42

What is the function of the periosteum?

Front 43

compact bone diaphysis looks solid, practically without holes or gaps- spongy bone is metaphysis and the epiphysis on the other hand are composed of thousands of spicules or trabeculae of bone, interconnected

Back 43

What differences between compact and spongy bone can be seen with the naked eye?