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105 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Ventral/ Anterior

Towards front

Posterior/ Dorsal

Towards Back

Superior

Above

Inferior

Below

Medial

Towards Midline

Lateral

Toward the side, away from the medial

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment to trunk

Distal

Away from the point of attachment to trunk

Superficial

Closer to body surface

Deep

Closer to Core

Saggital Plane

Divides the body into left and right

Coronal/ Frontal Plane

Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

Transverse Plane

Divides the body into inferior and superior portions

Midsaggital Plane

Equal left and right saggital plane

Parasagittal plane

Anything unequal when dividing the body into left and right portions

What are the 6 criteria for standard anatomical position?

1. Body is upright


2. Facing forward


3. Arms and legs straight


4. Palms facing forward


5. Feet flat on ground


6.Eyes open

Ocular Lens

10X magnification

Objective Lens

ranges from 40-100X

Condenser

Controls amount of light that gets to the stage

Illuminator

Source of light

Course Focus

Use to focus when your first starting, makes larger changes

Fine focus

Makes very small changes to focus

Scanning lens

Lowest powered lens you can use on the microscope

Simple Squamous Epithelium

single layered


cells are flattened


Location: Lungs, inside lining of heart and blood vessels, kindneys

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Single Layered


Cube like


Has tubules (Circles)


Liver and kidney tubules


Secretion and absorption

Stratified Squamos Epithelium

Two numerous layers


Flattened appearance


Function: Abrasion resistance, protects against microbial and mitigates water loss


Location: Oral cavity, epidermis, and vagina

Pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Columns


Has the appearance of having more than one layer, but all of the cells are attached to the basement membrane


Has hair like cilia on the superficial layer


Function: Mucus secretion to trap particles and move them away from the lungs


Location: Respiratory passage

Simple columnar epithelium

One layer of cells


Column like appearance


All of the columns touch basement membranes


Nuclei are usually lined up


Function Secretion and Absorption


Location: stomach, intestines, and uterine tubes

Transitional epithelium

Numerous layers


Appear cuboidal or tear drop shaped


Have flattened appearance only when stretched


Function: Allows stretch of organs


Location: ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

Connective tissue

Type of tissue primarily made up of fibrous tissue and houses a small number of cells

Name the ventral body cavities.

Thoracic cavity, Diaphragm, Abdominal Cavity, and Pelvic Cavity

Name the dorsal body cavities

Cranial Cavity, Vertebral Canal

Name the parts of the thoracic Cavity

Pleural cavity, mediastinum, pericardial cavity

Name the parts of the abdominopelvic cavity

Abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity

Nasal

Nose

Cephalic

Head

Oral

Mouth

Acromial

Shoulder

Axillary

Armpit

Brachial

Arm

Ante brachial

Forearm

Carpal

Wrist

Digital

Finger

Manual

Hand

Femoral

Thigh

Crural

Leg

Tarsal

Ankle

Pedal

Foot

Frontal

Forehead

Orbital

Eye area

Buccal

Cheek

Mental

Chin

Cervical

Neck

Thoracic cavity

Chest

Pleural Cavity

Within the thoracic cavity on either side of the mediastinum

Pericardial

In the thoracic cavity in the middle of chest

Mediastinum

Lines the pericardial cavity within the thoracic cavity

Umbilical

Belly button

Coxal

Hip

Inguinal

Area above pubic area

Patellar

Front of knee

Digital

Toe

Sacral

Tailbone area

Cubital

Elbow

Gluteal

Butt

Back of hand

Dorsum of hand

Popliteal

Back of knee

Crural

Leg

Calcanea

Heel

Name the 9 regions of the Abdomen

epigastric, Right hypochondriac, left hypochondriac, umbilical, right lumbar, left lumbar, Right iliac, left iliac, and hypogastric

Hypochondriac regions of abdomen

Bottom of ribs

Epigastric region

Center of abdomen just below the sternum and above umbilical region, which is the center belly region

Hypogastric Region

Lower region of the abdomen that contains intestines and is just above pubic area

Name the different connective tissues and their sub categories.

Fibrous dense connective tissue


-Irregular dense connective tissue


-regular dense connective tissue


-elastic connective tissue


Fibrous loose connective tissue


-Areolar connective tissue


-Adipose connective tissue


-Reticular connective tissue


Cartilage


Bone


Blood

Name the different cartilages.

Hyaline


Fibrocartilage


Elastic Cartilage

What two things are unexpectedly connective tissue?

Bone, blood

Dense regular connective tissue

Arranged with fibers that are parallel and is found in tendons and ligaments


Can easily be injured in force is perpendicular to the direction of plane

Dense irregular connective tissue

Arranged with fibers that go in many different directions


gives strength to deep tissues of skin and the white of eyes

Elastic connective tissue

Looks similar to dense regular, but has elastin fibers within it


Found in the walls of arteries of the vasculature of the body to enable stretching when the heart beats

Name the different Fibrous loos connective tissues

Reticular Connective Tissue


Areolar Connective Tissue


Adipose Tissue

Reticular connective tissue

Composed of networks of fibroblast with reticular fibers


Found in soft organs and gives them an internal architecture

Areolar Connective Tissue

Made up of large diameter collagen fibers, smaller elastic fibers, and thin long reticular fibers, and fibroblasts


Covers organs and or serves as a layer when two tissues come together

Adipose Connective Tissue

You can see empty vacuoles


Fat Tissue- highly cellularized with fat cells called adipocytes which store lipids in vacuoles

Hyaline Cartilage

i

What does epithelial tissue do?

Lines and covers many parts of the body

Name the different Muscle tissues

Smooth, skeletal, cardiac

What are the cells that make up skeletal tissues called?

Fibers

Skeletal muscle tissue

Have a striped or striated appearance from the arrangement of actin myosin, but is multinucleate (Many nuclei)


Involuntary muscle tissue, helps to move and pump blood to the body



Cardiac muscle tissue

Only found in the heart


Appears striated, but is branched and uninucleate (single nucleus) , adjacent myocytes are connected together by intercalated discs


Allows blood to be pumped from areas of the heart


Involuntary muscle

What are the cells that make up cardiac muscle tissue called?

Myocytes

Smooth Muscle Tissue

Non striated in appearance, uninucleated( one nucleus), spindle shaped cells in appearance


involuntary


found in the intestine and facilitates the movement of food

uninucleated

having a single nucleus

Nervous tissue

Appear as large elongated or star shaped cells surrounded by smaller glial cells


found in the brain, spinal chord, nerve cell bodies called ganglia, and peripheral nerves


Made up of neuron cells, which are made up of dendrites, axon, and the soma


Also made up of small supporting cells called glial cells ( they help provide structural support)


Function: propagate electrical signals and transmit information, learning, and memory

Bone connective tissue

Made up of circular regions called osteons, looks like a tree trunk


Contains a central canal

Blood connective tissue

Appears as a bunch of circular cells including red blood cells( erythrocytes), and white blood cells (leukocytes) , along with smaller platelets


White space in between cells is blood plasma

Erythrocytes

Red Blood cells

Leukocytes

White blood cells

Platelets

Small cellular fragments in blood connective tissue and help with blood coagulation

What is the function of simple epithelium tissues

Secretion and Absortion

Hyaline Cartilage

Pink stained matrix, chondrocytes exist in pairs giving the appearance of google eyes


Found at the tip of nose,respiratory passages, at the end of many long bones most common in body, ribs, larynx, trachea


Helps provide structure for the movement of air, along with helping bone cells invade and convert the tissue into bone

Fibro cartilage

Abundant in wavy collagen fibers, cells are often in diagonal rows


Located in vertebral discs, and pubic symphysis


Protect against abrasion and physical stress

Elastic cartilage

Contains elastin fiber around chondrocytes ( pair of cells)


Located in the epiglottis and external ear


Provides an elastic, and flexible structure

What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium?Where is it located?

Abrasion resistance, protection against microbial infections, and mitigates water loss


Oral cavity, Vagina, epidermis

Describe the function and location of Transitional epithelium

Allows for the stretching of tissue to accommodate urine storage


Bladder

Describe the location and function of simple squamous epithelium

Secretion of serous fluids, diffusion, smooth lining


Lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, kidney tubule and kidney glomerulus