Anatomy Ii - Lecture 2

Front 1

The primary areas of the cerebral cortex are involved in:

Back 1

Primary Areas- Direct processing of primary sensory or motor information

Front 2

The Secondary areas of the cerebral cortex are:

Back 2

Secondary Areas - Association areas and are adjacent to primary areas; they integrate information involved in more complex processing that primary areas

Front 3

What lobe of the cerebral cortex is involved with motor functioning?

Back 3

Frontal

Front 4

Where is the primary motor cortex?

Back 4

The precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe & the anterior paracentral gyrus (Medial frontal lobe)

Front 5

Function of the primary motor cortex.

Back 5

Voluntary control of precise movement (volitional movement)

Front 6

________is a collection of axons that travel between the cerebral cortex of the brain and the spinal cord

Back 6

Pyramidal Tract

Front 7

Pyramidal cells are located in the:

Back 7

Pyramidal cells are located in the gray mater of the precentral gyrus

Front 8

The pyramidal tracts control contralateral sides meaning....

Back 8

Pyramidal Tracts are crossed therefore the pyramidal cells on one side of the brain control the muscles on the opposite side of the body

Front 9

What is the homunculus?

Back 9

The Homunculus describes a map of the entire body spacially represented on the Precentral and the Paracentral gyrus. Each pyramidal cell directs a particular group of muscles. Disproportionate areas that need more motor control are larger and have more pyramidal cells

Front 10

The Premotor Cortex sends impulses to the motor cortex and is important in learning _________ & __________

Back 10

The Premotor Cortex sends impulses to the motor cortex and is important in learning MOTOR SKILLS & PLANNING

Front 11

This area is anterior and inferior to the precentral gyrus and is a motor area for tongue lips and throat, and are thus involved with speech and preparation to speech.

Back 11

Broca's area

Front 12

Since Broca's area isn't bilateral then which side of the brain is it most commonly found?

Back 12

Left

Front 13

Which Lobes are the Sensory Areas?

Back 13

Parietal, Temporal, & Occipital

Front 14

Pyramidal cells cross in the lower brain stem, what is the area called where they cross?

Back 14

Pyramidal Decussation

Front 15

Broadmann's numbers to identify specific areas of ___________.

Back 15

Functionality

Front 16

The primary somatosensory area is responcible for recieving sensory information involving:

Back 16

Touch, temperature, and pain

Front 17

The primary somatosensory area is located....

Back 17

on the post central gyrus & posterior paracentral

Front 18

TRUE or FALSE: The Primary Somatosensory Area is very different than the Pyramidal tracts in that it controls the same side of the body.

Back 18

False: Both the Primary Somatosensory Area and the Pyramidal Tracts cross and control contralateral sides.

Front 19

This area is the area that understands and integrates sensory information from the Primary Somatosensory Area.

Back 19

Somatosensory association areas

Front 20

The somatosensory association area is located:

Back 20

Posterior to the postcentral gyrus

Front 21

Which lobe is the Visual Area on?

Back 21

Medial aspect of the occipital Lobe

Front 22

True or False: The right side of the Visual field projects to the left side of the visual area

Back 22

True

Front 23

The visual association areas interpret areas and are located:

Back 23

On either side of the Visual Area

Front 24

The primary auditory area is located:

Back 24

Superior posterior portion of the temporal lobe, inside the lateral sulcus. And on both sides of the brain (bilateral)

Front 25

Where is the auditory association area in relation to the auditory area?

Back 25

The auditory association area is posterior to the auditory area.

Front 26

What is the Wernicke's area involved with? and what side of the brain is it typically found?

Back 26

Speech; Left side of the brain

Front 27

The Olfactory Cortex is located in a special area called the Ulcus where is the Ulcus?

Back 27

The Ulcus is part of the inferior frontal lobe

Front 28

TRUE or FALSE: The gustatory (taste) area is part of the post central gyrus

Back 28

True

Front 29

What is an association area?

Back 29

An association area analyzes, recognizes and acts on sensory input in light of past experiences

Front 30

The prefrontal cortex association area is involved with:

Back 30

Learning skills, judgment, reasoning and personality

Front 31

The prefrontal cortex association area is located:

Back 31

On the anterior portion of the frontal lobe

Front 32

Where is the general interpretation area located?

Back 32

The temporal parietal and occipital lobes

Front 33

What does the General interpretation area do?

Back 33

Integrates information

Front 34

What are the language areas?

Back 34

Wernicke's & Broca's area

Front 35

TRUE or FALSE: The visceral association area is outside the lateral sulcus (insula)

Back 35

FALSE: The Visceral association area is INSIDE the lateral sulcus (insula)

Front 36

Which hemisphere is dominant for language?

Back 36

Left

Front 37

Which Hemisphere is typically involved with spacial perception, artist, emotion and musical skills?

Back 37

Right Hemisphere

Front 38

Where Hemisphere is typically involved with Language, Logic and Math?

Back 38

Left Hemisphere

Front 39

___________is responsible for communication between cerebral areas, the cerebral cortex and the lower CNS

Back 39

White Matter

Front 40

Where is white matter in relation to gray matter?

Back 40

White Matter is deep to gray matter

Front 41

Is white matter made up of myelinated or unmyelinated fibers?

Back 41

Myelinated

Front 42

What fibers communicate between lobes?

Back 42

Association Fibers

Front 43

What fibers communicate between two hemispheres?

Back 43

Commisural Fibers

Front 44

Communication between the lower and higher areas of the CNS & spinal cord is with ____________fibers.

Back 44

Projection Fibers

Front 45

What are Basal Nuclei (Ganglia)?

Back 45

Basal Nuclei are a deep group of nuclei in the cerebral cortex that influence MOTOR FUNCTION. (and is deep to the white matter)

Front 46

What are three parts of the Basal Nuclei (Ganglia)?

Back 46

The Caudate Nucleus
Putamen &
Globus Pallidus

Front 47

The Diencephalon is also called:

Back 47

The Central Core of the Brain

Front 48

The Diencephalon is made up of:

Back 48

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
Subthalamus

Front 49

What are some of the many functions of the hypothalamus?

Back 49

-Controls Autonomic Control

-Emotion/Limbic System

-Temperature Regulation

-Food Intake (controls desire to eat or not)

-Water Balance - nuclei increase or decrease retention of fluids

-Endocrine System - synthesizes Oxytocin & vasopressin and links to the pituitary gland which releases hormones throughout our body

-Sleep-wake cycles

Front 50

The Thalamus relays all sensory information except that of ____________.

Back 50

Olfaction

Front 51

This part of the diencephalon contains the pineal gland and it influences sleep/wake cycle and puberty.

Back 51

Epithalamus

Front 52

This part of the Diencephalon is involved with motor function and is part of the basal Nuclei/Ganglia.

Back 52

Subthalamus

Front 53

What connects the Spinal Cord to the Cerebrum?

Back 53

The Brain Stem

Front 54

What makes up the Brain Stem?

Back 54

Midbrain, Pons and Medulla Oblongata

Front 55

The Superior and Inferior Colliculi are in what part of the Brain Stem?

Back 55

Midbrain

Front 56

What Nerves are associated with the Midbrain?

Back 56

Crainial Nerves III & IV
(Oculomotor, and Trochlear)

Front 57

TRUE or FALSE: The Superior Colliculi provide the Auditory Pathway.

Back 57

False The Superior Colliculi- Visual Pathway

Front 58

What Nerves are associated with the pons?

Back 58

Cranial nerves V-VIII

5. Trigeminal
6. Abducens
7. Fascial
8. Vestibulocochlear

Front 59

What is the part of the pons that controls respiration called?

Back 59

Pneumotaxic Center

Front 60

The Superior and Inferior Colliculi collectively are called _____________.

Back 60

The Superior and Inferior Colliculi collectively are called CORPORA QUADRIGEMINA.

Front 61

What Nerves are associated with the Medula Oblongata?

Back 61

Cranial Nerves IX-XII

9. Glossopharyngeal
10.Vagus
11. Spinal Accessory
12. Hypoglossal

Front 62

What are some of the important physiological centers of the Medulla Oblongata?

Back 62

Cardiac, Vasomotor (Blood Pressure), Respiratory

and.... vomiting, swallowing, coughing, & sneezing

Front 63

What are the purposes of the Cerebellum? and how are these purposes accomplished?

Back 63

Motor Coordination, Equilibrium & Proprioception and is accomplished because the cerebral cortex connects with the basal ganglia.

Front 64

What are some of the group of structures that make up the Limbic System?

Back 64

-Cingular Gyrus
-Setal Nuclei
-Dentate Gyrus
-Parahippocampal Gyrus
-Hypothalymus
-Amydala
-Olfactory System

Front 65

What is our Emotional Brain?

Back 65

Limbic System

Front 66

What are some functions of the Limbic System?

Back 66

Behavior, memory, feeding, mating & learning

Front 67

TRUE or FALSE: The Limbic System is a Functional area and not an anatomical area

Back 67

True

Front 68

_________is a scattered are Nuclei throughout the brain stem that keeps us alert

Back 68

Reticular Activating System

Front 69

TRUE or FALSE: The Reticular Activating System works to dampen our sensory input so we are able to focus on what is/isn't important in our surrounding environment.

Back 69

True