Anatomy Ii - Joints Of Pelvic Limb (Horse)

Front 1

What are the four main articulations in the tarsal (hock) joint?

Back 1

Tarsocrural joint
Proximal Intertarsal joint
Distal intertarsal joint
Tarsometatarsal joint

Front 2

Which ridge of the trochlea of the femur is most important in patellar lock?

Back 2

The larger medial ridge

Front 3

Which synovial sac is most important and communicates with the proximal intertarsal sac?

Back 3

tibiotarsal sac

Front 4

ligament that stabilized the calcaneus when under force of common calcaneal tendon:

Back 4

Long plantar lig.

Front 5

What end of the common joint capsule is thin and often bulges out with synovial fluid accumulation (bog spavin)?

Back 5

Proximal end

Front 6

tendon of the cranial tibial mm

Back 6

cunean tendon

Front 7

Where should you inject the common joint capsule for the tarsocrural joint and proximal intertarsal joint?

Back 7

Dorsal pouch

Front 8

All tendons passing over the hock are enclosed in tendon sheaths except:

Back 8

tendon of the super digital flexor

Front 9

How many synovial sacs are there in the hock?

Back 9

Four

Front 10

reciprocal apparatus ensures what?

Back 10

simultaneous, reciprocal movement at both the stifle and hock joints, such that when the stifle joint flexes, the hock joint also flexes, the same with extension. The move in unison.

Front 11

identify parts of stifle jt. shown

Back 11

see picture

Front 12

identify parts of stay aparatus

Back 12

see picture

Front 13

classify hip joint

Back 13

HIP (COXAL) JOINT is Synovial, composite
ball and socket (spheroidal) joint

Front 14

ligament of the head of the femur - is very stout; extends from ___ to ____ ?


intra-articular portion enclosed in _____ ?

Back 14

extends from the acetabular fossa
to the fovea capitis of the femur);

intra-articular portion enclosed in the synovial membrane.

Front 15

what muscle tendinous ?

Back 15

SDF, DDF, and peroneus tertius

the tendinous interosseus arises proximal to fetlock

ideal for weight bearing w/o much muscle activity, energy expended; support joints and prevent over extension

gluteus profundus has numeous tendinous bands (unrelated)

Front 16

identify parts of reciprical ap. shown:

Back 16

see picture

Front 17

List ligaments of the hip joint.

Back 17

Lig. of head of the femur, the accessory lig., and transverse acetabular lig. and labrum acetabulum (acetabular lip) which deepens acet.cavity

Front 18

When the hip joint is fully extended, there is a considerable amount of pull on the lateral crus of the superficial inguinal opening, predisposing horses to inguinal hernia, this connection to the medial thigh fascia by strands of connective tissue, present only in the horse. Is called:

Back 18

femoral lamina

Front 19

What ligament of the hip joint limits horse from kicking to the side?

Back 19

Accessory ligament

Front 20

What are the movements of the hip joint?

Back 20

Mainly extension and flexion

Front 21

Where does the ligament of the head of femur attach in the acetabulum?

Back 21

Acetabular fossa

Front 22

What bones are involved in the hip joint?

Back 22

Ilium
Pubis
Ischium
Head of Femur

Front 23

Accessory ligament extends from

Back 23

the prepubic tendon, passing outwards, backwards and upwards, and through the acetabular notch to end in the fovea capitis, close to the ligament of the head of the femur

Front 24

unlock stifle joints

Back 24

Biceps femoris m.

Front 25

What muscles are part of the common calcaneal tendon?

Back 25

Biceps femoris muscle
Gastrocnemius muscle
Superficial digital flexor muscle
Gracilis muscle
Semitendinosus muscle
Soleus muscle

Front 26

What can inflammation in the calcaneal bursae cause?

Back 26

Capped hock

Front 27

Synovial bursa present in between attachments of accessory gluteal muscle?

Back 27

Trochanteric Bursa:
Synovial bursa present in between cranial part of greater trochanter and aponeurotic attachment of *accessory gluteal muscle*

Front 28

What is the normal angle of flexion in the hip joint?

Back 28

110 - 115 degrees, absorbs concussion

Front 29

What is the largest single joint of the body?

Back 29

Stifle joint

Front 30

The stifle joint is a compound joint, what are the two joints and what kind of joints are they?

Back 30

Femoropatellar joint (simple gliding)
Femorotibial joint (simple condylar)

Front 31

What are the bones associated with the stifle joint?

Back 31

Distal femur
Proximal tibia
Patella

Front 32

Which nerve supplies the quadriceps mm?

Function?

Back 32

Femoral n

Extension if stifle and support, pulling up patella to lock it (wt bearing) flexes hip (rectus femoris)

Front 33

What are the three joint capsules of the stifle joint?

Back 33

Femoropatellar
Medial femorotibial
Lateral femorotibial

Front 34

What ridge is largest in the trochlea of the distal femur?

Back 34

Medial ridge

Front 35

What are the two types of surfaces on the trochlea of the distal femur?

Back 35

Resting surface
Gliding surface

Front 36

What are the three synovial sacs in the stifle joint?

Back 36

Femoropatellar sac
Lateral femorotibial sac
Medial femorotibial sac

Front 37

Which two synovial sacs in the stifle joint communicate 100% of the time?

Back 37

Femoropatellar sac
Medial femorotibial sac

Front 38

Which two synovial sacs in the stifle joint communicate in only 25% of horses? (not very much)

Back 38

Femoropatellar sac
Lateral femorotibial sac

Front 39

Which two synovial sacs in the stifle joint never communicate?

Back 39

Lateral femorotibial sac
Medial femorotibial sac

Front 40

What is the largest sesamoid bone of the body?

Back 40

Patella

Front 41

Where on the patella is the parapatellar fibrocartilage found?

Back 41

Medial angle

Front 42

What two services does the patella provide the quadriceps femoris muscle?

Back 42

Provides a large gliding surface over the trochlea of the femur
Protects the tendon of insertion from excessive friction

Front 43

functional digit of the horse

Back 43

digit 3

Front 44

What is the purpose of the medial and lateral menisci in the femorotibial joint?

Back 44

minimizes incongruence b/t the two bones

Front 45

What are the three tendons of the patella?

Back 45

Medial patellar ligament
Middle patellar ligament
Lateral patellar ligament

Front 46

How many collateral ligaments are in the stifle joint of the horse?

Back 46

2 (medial and lateral)

Front 47

How many cruciate ligaments are there and what is their function?

Back 47

Cranial and Caudal
Stabilize the stifle joint

Front 48

How many meniscal ligaments are there and what is their funciton?

Back 48

4 ligaments
Attache cranial and caudal horns of the menisci to the cranial and caudal intercondylar areas

Front 49

What ligaments limit hyper-extension and hyperflexion?

Back 49

Hyper-extension - cruciates (especially cranial)
Hyper-flexion - cruciates

Front 50

How many femoropatellar ligaments are there and what is their function?

Back 50

Medial and lateral
Attach parapatellar fibrocartilage to the femoral epicondyles

Front 51

Is the stifle joint normally partially flexed?

Back 51

Yes, concussion absorbing

Front 52

When does the patellar lock occur?

Back 52

When the horse bears body weight only on one limb

Front 53

What is the angle of the limb when the patellar lock occurs? Normally?

Back 53

Patellar lock - 145 -150 degrees
Normal - 135 degrees

Front 54

What muscle action unlocks the patella?

Back 54

Biceps femoris muscle (cranial division)

Front 55

What ligament can be cut in the stifle joint and not allow the animal to lock the limb?

Back 55

Medial patellar ligament

Front 56

Where can the lateral femorotibial joint cavity be injected?

Back 56

B/t long digital extensor tendon and lateral collateral ligament

Front 57

Where can the medial femorotibial joint cavity be injected?

Back 57

B/t medial patellar ligament and medial collateral ligament

Front 58

How many bones are in the tarsal (hock) joint?

Back 58

6 bones

Front 59

Where can the femoropatellar joint cavity be injected?

Back 59

Caudal to the lateral patellar ligament

Front 60

What bones are located in the proximal row of the hock joint?

Back 60

Talus
Calcaneus

Front 61

What bones are located in the middle and distal rows of the hock joint?

Back 61

T1 and T2
T3 and T4

Front 62

What helps the stifle avoid the caudal thoracic wall during flexion?

Back 62

Obliquity of the trochlea

Front 63

Where is the medial collateral ligament of the hock?

Back 63

From medial malleolus to the talus and proximal ends of the 2nd and 3rd metatarsals

Front 64

Where is the lateral collateral ligament of the hock?

Back 64

From lateral malleolus to the calcaneus, fourth tarsal, and 3rd and 4th metatarsal

Front 65

What ligament stabilizes the calcaneus when under force of common calcaneal tendon?

Back 65

Long plantar ligament

Front 66

What ligament arises on the distal tuberosity on the medial part of the talus and inserts on the 2nd and 3rd metatarsal?

Back 66

Dorsal ligament

Front 67

What ligament is a distal extension of the plantar part of the joint capsule and joins the tendon of the deep digital flexor muscle?

Back 67

Accessory ligament

Front 68

Where does the dorsal limb of the cunean tendon insert on?

Back 68

Metatarsal 3

Front 69

Where does the medial limb of the cunean tendon insert on?

Back 69

Tarsals 1 and 2

Front 70

What bursa lies under the cunean tendon and over the medial collateral ligament of the hock?

Back 70

Subtendinous or cunean bursa

Front 71

The condition known as curb, is when this tendon is swollen due to strain and causes convexity of plantar surface?

Back 71

Long plantar ligament

Front 72

What tendons are located in the tarsal synovial sheath?

Back 72

Tendon of lateral digital flexor m.
Two of the three heads of the deep digital flexor m.

Front 73

Is the hock joint usually partially flexed?

Back 73

Yes, concussion-absorption

Front 74

What is the hardest worked joint in the equine body?

Back 74

Hock joint

Front 75

What does strain and stress on the hock joint cause?

Back 75

Spavin

Front 76

What is the cranial portion of the reciprocal apparatus in the hindlimb?

Back 76

Peroneus (fibularis) tertius m.

Front 77

What is the caudal portion of the reciprocal apparatus in the hindlimb?

Back 77

Superficial digital flexor tendon (almost entirely tendinous)

Front 78

If the peroneus tertius muscle ruptures what happens to the hock?

Back 78

Abnormal, jerky flexing of the hock

Front 79

What happens if both the peroneus tertius muscle and digital flexor tendons is ruptured?

Back 79

hock drops to the ground