Anatomy Final Part 2 (Diguestion)

Front 1

Gastrointestinal tract

Back 1

Tube from month to anus

Front 2

Accessory organs of diguestion

Back 2

Teeth, tounge, salivary glands

Pancreas

Liver, gallbladder

Front 3

Digestive system processes (4)

Back 3

Ingestion

Diguestion

Absorption

Defecation

Front 4

4 layer of GI tract

Back 4

Mucosa

Submuscosa (areolar CT)

Muscluaris externa (causes motility)

Serosa

Enteric nervous system

Front 5

Motility

Back 5

Mixing and movement of food in GI tract

Front 6

Muscosa 3 layers

Back 6

Epithelium with goblet cells

(Stat. Sq. @ ends, simple columnar)

Lamina propria (areolar CT)

Musculairs mucosa (allows movement of GI tract, ONLY in GI tract)

Front 7

Entric nervous system

Back 7

Run diguestion without brain

Myenteric plexus (control muscularis externa)

Submuscous plexus (controls mucosal glands and muscles)

Front 8

Salivary glands

Back 8

3 pairs

Parotid (inferior and anterior to ears)

Submandibular (floor of mouth)

Sublingual (below tounge)

Front 9

Dentition

Back 9

Central incisor (1)

Lateral incisor (1)

Canine (1)

Pre molars (0/2)

Molars (2/3)

Front 10

Crown

Back 10

Above gum

Enamel overlay (acellular, highly calcified)

Front 11

Neck of tooth

Back 11

Enamel + cementum boundary (gums)

Front 12

Esophagus muscularis externa

Back 12

Upper 1/3 - skeleton muscle

Middle - mix

Lower - smooth muscle

Front 13

Stomach regions

Back 13

Cardiac region (first bit)

Fundus (above esophageal entrance)

Body

Pyloric region

Front 14

Gastric glands

Back 14

Formed by epithelium of stomach mucosa

Secret gastric juice to lumen

Front 15

Gastric gland cells

Back 15

Chief cells (pepsinogen & gastric lipase)

Parietal cells (HCI and intrinsic factor)

Goblet cells

G cells (gastrin, a hormone;to blood)

Front 16

Intrinsic factor

Back 16

Reason we must have stomach, allows for B12 breakdown/absorption

Front 17

Rugae

Back 17

Folds of the muscosa and sub mucosa due to contraction of muscularis mucosa

Allow for expansion

Front 18

Small intestine

Back 18

Duodenum (secret alkaline muscus)

Jejunum (middle)

Ileum (prevents infection if sm. In. And bacteria from entering the blood)

Front 19

Peyers patches

Back 19

Lymph nodules in ileum

Front 20

Plicae circulars

Back 20

Submucosa thrown into folds

Front 21

Villi vrs. Microvilli in sm. Intestine

Back 21

Villi - larger, projections of mucosa and contain capillaries and lacteals

Microvilli brush border on enterocytes (simple columnar)

*both extend into lumen

Front 22

Hormones in GI tract

Back 22

Secret (secreted by S cells)

Cholecystokinin (secreted by C cells)

Front 23

Pancreas 2 parts

Back 23

Exocrine portion

-acinar cells (secret digestion enzyme)

- duct cells (make up duct)

Endocrine portion

- secret hormones like insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar

Front 24

Islets of langerhans

Back 24

A.k.a endocrine portion of pancreas

Front 25

Liver 4 lobes

Back 25

Right,

left,

caudate,

quadrate

Front 26

Liver job/cells

Back 26

Hepatocytes

Filters material from GI tract

Produces bile

Drains into hepatic duct

Front 27

Gallbaldder

Back 27

Rugae (no submucosa)

Enzymes, alkaline fluid and bile

Drains into cystic duct

Front 28

Ileocaecal valve

Back 28

Between small and large intestine

Front 29

Large intestine

Back 29

No villi or folds

Constits of

- caecum

- appendix

- colon

Front 30

Parts of the colon

Back 30

Ascending

Hepatic

Transverse

Descending

Sigmoid

Front 31

Taeniae coli

Back 31

Incomplete longitudinal layer of muscularis externa in the colon

Front 32

Haustra

Back 32

Pouches formed by contractions of the taeniae coil (colon)

Front 33

Epiploic appendages

Back 33

Found in colon

Fat filled pouches

Front 34

Anal canal

Back 34

Last 3cm of rectum

Front 35

Anus spincters

Back 35

1. Internal (smooth muscle)

2. External (Skelton muscle - voluntary control)

Front 36

Lymph nodules (Diguestion)

Back 36

Foubd in mucosa of small and large intestine

Front 37

Lacteals

Back 37

Filled with absorbed fats from small intestine

drain into lymph collecting vessels

Front 38

Lower GI blood circulation

Back 38

1. Aorta

2. Mesenteric artery (inferior and superior)

3. Mesenteric veins (inferior and superior)

3.5 splenic vein (inferior only)

4. Hepatic portal veins

5. Capillaries in liver

6. Hepatic veins

7. Inferior vena cava

Front 39

Portal system

Back 39

Blood vessel between 2 capillaries beds

Front 40

Peritoneum

Back 40

Serous membrane

Serosa between organs

Mesentery

Retroperitoneal

Front 41

Serous membrane

Back 41

Visceral peritoneum

Parietal peritoneum

Peritoneal cavity (filled with serious fluid)

Front 42

Serosa between organs

Back 42

2 fused sheets of visceral peritoneum

Can contain omenta (folds in some area)

Front 43

Omenta

Back 43

Folds of serosa

1. Greater omentum/fatty apron

(Covers transverse colon and sm. Intestine and contains fat)

2. Lesser omentum

(Suspense stomach from liver)

Front 44

Mesentery

Back 44

Double layer of parietal peritoneum

Suspense sm. Intestine from cavity wall

Front 45

Retroperitoneal

Back 45

An organ behind peritoneum

Peritoneum lines anterior side ONLY

posterior is adventitia (CT only)

Front 46

Peritonitis

Back 46

Inflammation of peritoneum

Due to burst appendix, wounds, ect.

Front 47

Oropharynx and laryngopharynx (histology)

Back 47

Only muscularis external and muscosa

Front 48

Mediastinum if esophagus

Back 48

Out most layer

Adventita (fibrous CT)

Front 49

Acinar cells

Back 49

Secret digestion enzyme in the pancreas