Anatomy Final Part 2

Front 1

Male gamete -

female -

Back 1

- sperm

- oocyte

Front 2

Fertiliazation:

Males -

Females -

Back 2

- Duct system nourishes sperm/ penis deposites sperm in females.

- receives sperm and transport to site of uterine tube.

Front 3

Development of human:

females only -

Back 3

- baby remain in uterus until birth

- provides nourshment after birth.

Front 4

PRoduction of reproductive hormones

Same for male and female -

Back 4

- Control development

- Formation of gene-specific features

- General maintenance

- Reproductive behavior.

Front 5

Functions of the next few:

Scrotum -

Back 5

sac that contains testes to make sure they are out of the body.

Front 6

Testes -

Back 6

spermatogenesis

Front 7

Seminferous tubules -

Back 7

produce sperm

Front 8

interstitial cells -

Back 8

produce testosterone

Front 9

Epididymis -

Back 9

sperm maturation/spermiogenesis

Front 10

Seminal vesicle -

Back 10

secretes a substance that has fructose, citric acid, and fibrinogen

Front 11

Prostate gland -

Back 11

secretes fluid that nourishes and protect sperm

Front 12

Bulbourethro gland -

Back 12

lubricates

Front 13

Pathway of sperm -

Back 13

Testes,

Epididymis,

vas deferens,

seminal vesicle,

ejaculatory duct,

prostate gland,

urethra

Front 14

Why does sperm have to be kept at a certain temp?

Back 14

Sperm for optimal development and to keep themfunctioning properly. Sperm production is at a lower temperature than the body.

Front 15

Cryptochidism -

Back 15

the condition of undescendedtesticle. C$-]

Front 16

semen -

Back 16

Sperm cells plus thesecretions from accessory glands.

Front 17

functions of parts of sperm:

Head -

Midpeice -

Tail -

Back 17

- contain DNA

- mitochondria - to produce energy; contractile proteins - use the energy

- motility

Front 18

How a penile erection occurs:

Back 18

The corpus spongiosum and the corpus cavernosum become engorged with blood which causes vasodilation in blood vessels.

Front 19

Erection -

sympathetic or sympathetic?

Back 19

para

Front 20

Steps of an erection are similar to steps in

Back 20

neuromsucular junction

Front 21

steps of an erectiion -

Back 21

acetylcholine is released from vesicles,

binds to G- protein

- relazes smooth muscle cells - vasodilation

Front 22

Another way -

Back 22

Nitric Oxide binds to an guanylate cyclase that will relax smooth muscle cells

Front 23

Similarity to emission and ejaculation -

Back 23

both sympathetic.

Front 24

Proper order of a males turned on -

Back 24

erection, emission, and ejaculation

Front 25

Emission is the -

Back 25

discharge of semen into the urethra.

Front 26

Ejaculation -

Back 26

the expulsion of seman from urethra

Front 27

Ejaculation -

needs what two things?

Back 27

It has a somatic motor component

Pudendal nerve

Front 28

Four hormones that influence male reproductive system -

Back 28

GnRH

LH

FSH

ICSH

Front 29

GnRH: gonadotrpoin releasing hormone

secreted from?

effects what organ?

regulated by?

released in?

Back 29

hypothalamus

anterior pituitary

negative feedbacl

intervals.

Front 30

LH - lutinizing hormone:

secreted from?

acts on?

Back 30

anterior pituitary gland

interstitial cells to testosterone

Front 31

FSH - follicle stimulating hormone:

secreted from?

acts on ?

Back 31

anterior pituitary gland

semineferous tubules to produce sperm

Front 32

ICSH -

Back 32

interstitial cell stimulated hormone

Front 33

7 effects of testosterone on puberty for men -

Back 33

1. Axillary and pubic hair

2. Apocrine and sebaceous sweat glands

3. Growth of bones and muscles

4. Voice - deepening

5. Sex drive

6. Enlarged external genitalia

7. Increased metabolism.

Front 34

testosterone is regulated both by

Back 34

postive and negative

Front 35

Erection:

para or sympath?

releases?

vaso?

stimulates what nerve?

Back 35

parasympathetic

AcH

Vasodilation

pudendal

Front 36

Emission:

para or symp?

what is it?

Back 36

sympathetic

- entry of semen into the urethra.

Front 37

Ejaculation:

para or symp?

due to ?

Back 37

sympathetic

the contraction of skeletal muscles in the urogenital diaphragm.

Front 38

Orgasm -

Back 38

release of endorphins and dopamine

Front 39

Resolution -

Back 39

everything goes back to normal

Front 40

Functions of next few:

Ovaries -

Back 40

secrete estrogen, progesterone, oocytes

- ovogenesis and ovulation

Front 41

Uterine tubes -

Back 41

fertilization of egg

Front 42

Fimbriae -

Back 42

increase surface area to receive ovulated oocyte.

Front 43

Mucosa -

Back 43

transportation

Front 44

Uterus -

Back 44

implanation, menstruation

Front 45

Perimetrium -

Back 45

protects from friction

Front 46

Myometrium -

Back 46

contraction and expulsion

Front 47

Endometrium -

Back 47

provides support to the developing embryo.

Front 48

Broad ligament -

Back 48

anchors uterus and fallopian tubes

Front 49

7 changes of female during puberty

Back 49

1. Pubic/axillary hair

2. Fat deposits

3. Growth in height

4. Menarche - menstruation

5. External genitalia enlarge

6. Hormone secretion - estrogen and progesterone

7. The voice deepens.

Front 50

Stages of ovarian follicular development -

Back 50

Primordial follicle

primary follicle

secondary follicle

vesicular follicle

Corpus luteum

Corpus albicians

Front 51

Cells in first four stage of ovarian development:

Back 51

1. primary oocyte

2. primary oocyte

3. Primary oocyte

4. Primary oocyte, unless ovulated, then secondary oocyte.

Front 52

corpus luteum:

secretes?

that secretion does what?

Back 52

progesterone

- prepares the lining of the uterus to accept an impanted trophoblast for a developing embryo

Front 53

The peak amount of eggs that you have is around what time?

Back 53

In utero at month 4

Front 54

Ovulation -

Back 54

To release the secondary oocyte into the fallopian tube

Front 55

What hormones trigger ovulation?

What do they hormones tell it to do?

Back 55

LH/FSH - allows the primary oocyte to finish meiosis 1

Front 56

Ovulation - neg or positve feedback?

Back 56

positive

Front 57

Ovarian cycle

and days of each phase -

Back 57

1. Follicular - 1-13

2. Ovulation - 13-15

3. Luteal - 15-28

Front 58

Uterine Phase:

and days

Back 58

1. Menstrual - 1-5

2. Proliferative - 5-14

3. Secretory - 14-28

Front 59

Mestural:

- due to ?

Back 59

decrease secretion of progestrone.

Front 60

Proliferative:

what happens?

Back 60

Uterus lining gets bigger.

Front 61

Secretory:

what happens ?

Back 61

The glands secrete LH to stimulate the ovary to secrete

Front 62

Hormone of female reproductive system 5

Back 62

1. GnRh

2. FSH

3. LH

4. Estrogen

5. Progesterone

Front 63

Gnrh:

act on?

secrete?

Back 63

anterior pitutary to secrete FSH and LH

Front 64

FSH:

- develops what?

increases what?

Back 64

- follicles

- estrogen

Front 65

LH:

increases what?

Forms what?

Back 65

estrogen and FSH

Ovulation and corpus luteum

Front 66

Estrogen:

what it does?

Back 66

proliferates the endometrium of uterus

Front 67

Progesterone:

causes?

Back 67

the glands to get larger and secrete their specific hormones

Front 68

sexual arousal is due to?

Back 68

stimulation of the clitoris

Front 69

stimulation of the clit is a what kind of response?

Back 69

parasympathetic.

Front 70

the response is carried by what nerve ?

what does it carry?

Back 70

pudendal nerve

Carries somatic motor output for orgasm

Front 71

Orgasm -

Back 71

secrets lubricating mucous

Front 72

Resolution -

Back 72

everything coming back to normal

Front 73

sexual behaviors -

Back 73

depends on the hormones androgens and steroids and psychological factors.

Front 74

events after ovulation:

Back 74

1. zygote forms

2. Cleavage

3. Morula

4. Blastocyst

5. Implantation

Front 75

Cleavage -

Back 75

division without growth

Front 76

Morula -

Back 76

end of cleavage

Front 77

Blastocyst -

what is it and what day?

Back 77

a hollow ball of cells with one end of inner cell mass.

day 6

Front 78

the inner cell mass becomes?

Back 78

embryo

Front 79

Implantation-

what day?

what happens?

Back 79

7

the trophoblast will develop in placenta.

Front 80

Female hormones of pregnancy: 5

Back 80

1. hCG

2. Progesterone

3. Estrogen

4. Oxytocin

5. Prolactin

Front 81

hCG:

what does it stand for?

most important in what trimester?

why is this important in early pregnancy?

Back 81

- Human chorionic Gonadotrpin

- first trimester

- pregnancy tests

Front 82

Progesterone:

most important in what trimester?

Back 82

second

and third

Front 83

Estrogen:

important in what trimester?

Back 83

third.

Front 84

Oxytocin:

what does it do?

Back 84

Stimulates labor and milk let down

Front 85

Prolactin -

Back 85

milk production

Front 86

What happens during menopause?

7

Back 86

1. Itchy

2. Mood changes

3. Bloaty

4. Sleepy

5. Forgetful

6. Psycho

7. Sweaty

Front 87

Menopause -

Back 87

– decreased production of estrogen and progesterone by the ovaries, which causes a huge increase in LH and FSH.

Front 88

Age related changes in male -

Back 88

decreased sperm production and lose bone and muscle mass

Front 89

Age related changes in female -

Back 89

ostoporosis from loss of estrogen and menopause.

Front 90

4 methods of preventing pregnancy

Back 90

1. Behavioral

2. Mechanical

3. Chemical

4. Surgical methods

Front 91

Ex of each method

- behavioral

- mechanical

- chemical

- surgical -

Back 91

- abstience, pulling out, calender method

- condoms, diaphragm

- Oral contraceptives, patch, vaginal ring

- vasectomy, tubal ligation

Front 92

Virus aquired STD -

Back 92

Herpes simplex II

Genital warts

HIV - human immunodeficency virus

Front 93

bacteria aquired STD -

Back 93

Gonorrhea

Chlamydia